1、Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York,Teaching Objectives,To familiarize students with American cultureTo appreciate the writing style of the textTo understand some difficult words and expressions;,Teaching Contents,Background KnowledgeAbout the author Thomas Griffith About New York CityWriting StyleO
2、rganizationDetailed Study of the EssayRhetorical Devices,Background Knowledge,About the author Thomas Griffith Thomas Griffith (1915-), American writer and editor. Since 1974 he has been press columnist toTime magazine; staff contributor员工to Fortune magazine; columnist to Atlantic Monthly. He is an
3、uprooted westerner who now calls New York home. Publications: The Waist-High Culture How True? -A Sceptics Guide to Believing the News,Background Knowledge,About New York CityHow much do you know about New York?The general impressionwell-known architecture, places,New York City-The general impressio
4、n,New York City-The general impression,New York City-The general impression,Manhaton Central Park,Statue of Liberty,Empire State Building,the worlds busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the worlds entertainment industry,The Broadway,regarded as “The Crossroads of the World“,Times
5、Square,Lower Mahaton,NYSE: New York Stock Exchange,Wall Street,China Town in Manhaton,9.11 terrorism,World Trade Center, Twin Towers,New York,The City of New York is composed of boroughsbr区, each a county of New York State : Manhattan (New York County郡); Brooklyn (Kings County); The Bronx (Bronx Cou
6、nty); 布朗克斯区 Queens (Queens County); 皇后区 Staten Island (Richmond County里士满郡). 斯丹登岛The main part of New York is on Manhattan.,Bronx,Manhattan,Brooklyn,Queens,Staten Island,New York City,New York City is the capital city in the United States. Location: It is located in the southern part of New York Sta
7、te, at the mouth of the Hudson River and borders on the Atlantic Ocean. As a political and industral center, the city is also the center of advertising, fashion, publishing, culture, art, music and radio broadcasting in the United States.,New York City,Status : New York City is the city and commerci
8、al center not only in America but also in the world. “The Big Apple” is a major world capital and a world leader in , the arts, and communications. The port of New York is one of the finest in the world and ranks as the port on the East Coast.,New York City,“capital of the world“City of ArtCity of F
9、ashion Sleepless City,New York,Facing Problems1)immigrants 2) unemployment 3) air pollution, 4)traffic jams 5)crime, 6)drug 7)racial conflicts 8)the ever-increasing cost of living in the city.,New York,“If you love him, bring him to New York, for its Heaven.”,“If you hate him, bring him to New York,
10、 for its Hell.”,Writing Style,exposition; expository writing (Narration, Description, Exposition and Argumentation)Definition: Exposition is a type of oral or written discourse that is used to explain, describe, give information or inform. Methods for writing a piece of exposition: comparison; defin
11、ition; exemplification; contrast; illustration图解, etc.,Organization,Part 1: (Paras. 1-5 ) General introduction to New York - the present status of N.Y.C. in the U.S. and in the eyes of foreigners.Part 2: (Paras. 6-21 ) Detailed description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers.Part 3:
12、 (Para. 22) Conclusion: Loving and hating N.Y.- a matter of alternating moods, in the same day. (Repetition of the theme.),Detailed Learning of the Text-Para. 1,Those ad campaigns celebrating the Big Apple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,” are signs, pathetic in thei
13、r desperation, of how the mighty has fallen. (1)the Big Apple: any large city; nickname for New York City This idea came from the 20s and 30s when musicians had an expression for playing in small town gigs (小型演出). It was that there are many apples on the tree but when you pick New York City you pick
14、ed the Big Apple.,Para. 1,The Big Apple: In the 1970s New York City went through many fiscal(财政的) troubles. The city became the butt of many jokes, and there was a big drop in tourists coming to New York City: many people, in fact, left New York City. This led to a campaign to give New York City a n
15、ew image. So Charles Gillate, who worked for the New York City Visitors Bureau, used the nickname Big Apple to draw tourists to New York City.This nickname, the Big Apple, helped turn New York City around. People wanted to see what was with this Big Apple and returned to New York City.,Para. 1,Those
16、 ad campaigns celebrating the Big Apple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,” are signs, pathetic in their desperation, of how the mighty has fallen. (2)pathetic: sorrowful; pitiful (3)desperation: hopelessness and despair Many advertising campaigns publicly praise N.Y.
17、and many New Yorkers wear T-shirt with a heart design and the words “I love New York” printed on it . These actions only show how far New York has fallen. It is pitiful to see how desperately New York is trying to regain her lost prestige and status.,Para. 1,Those ad campaigns celebrating the Big Ap
18、ple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,” are signs, pathetic in their desperation, of how the mighty has fallen. 那些赞美“大苹果”的广告活动，还有那些印着带有“我爱纽约”字样的心形图案的T恤衫，只不过是它们在绝望中发出悲哀的迹象，只不过是纽约这个非凡的城市日趋衰落的象征。,Para. 1,New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragging was
19、 “bush”.(1)brag: v. to boast; to state pompously (2)bush (adj.) : uncivilized, primitive; belonging to small towns 粗俗的；乡土气的；乡下的,Para. 1,New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragging was “bush”.In the past New York never boasted of its greatness, though other cities often did so, f
20、or bragging was done only by small provincial towns.纽约过去从不自我炫耀，而只让别的城市去这样做，因为自我炫耀显得“小家子气”。,Para. 2,It isnt the top anymore, at least if the top is measured by who begets the styles and sets the trends.(1)beget (v.) : cause; bring about；produce 使产生，引起， (2)trend: current style, as in fashionsNew York
21、is no longer the leading ( the biggest and best) city in the United States, at least if being the leading city means a city that sets the styles and trends of the nation.然而，今日的纽约再不是头号城市了。至少，在开创时尚、领导潮流方面，纽约是再也配不不上这个称号了。,Para. 2,Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste as often as it is o
22、ut of step with American politics.1)out of phase: not in a state of exactly parallel movements 2)out of step: not in confirming to a rhythm in marching, dancing, etc; Nowadays New York cant understand nor follow the taste of American people and is often in disagreement with American politics.今日的纽约非但
23、常常跟不上美国政治前进的步伐，而且往往也合不上美国人生活情趣变化的节拍。,Para. 2,but it too long resisted the incoming casual style and lost its monopoly.For a long time it refused to accept the style of clothes designed for informal occasions which more and more people were beginning to wear and so lost its undisputed leadership in s
24、etting the fashion in the U.S.,Para. 2,No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends, a place to escape Common Denominator Land.1)holdout (n.) : Americanism a place that holds out 美语坚固据点 ; insist on 2)Common Denominator Land: unif
25、ormity, commonness, sameness, the monotonous,Para. 2,No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends, a place to escape Common Denominator Land.Since New York is no longer looked up to or copied as the undisputed fashion authority,
26、it now boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion) of America, that it is a place where people can escape from uniformity and commonness.,Para. 2,No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends, a p
27、lace to escape Common Denominator Land.纽约已不再是众望所归、纷起仿效的对象了，如今它甚至已成为风行美国的装潮流的抵制者，成为摆脱全国清一色的单调局面的一隅逃遁之地而自鸣得意。,Para. 3,Its deficiencies as a pacesetter are more and more evident.1)deficiency: the quality or state of being deficient; absence of something essential；a shortage 缺乏，欠缺；缺陷 2)pacesetter: a per
28、son, group or thing that leads the way or serves as a model 标兵N.Y. has lost its position or status as a pacesetter.纽约无力维持排头兵的地位这一点已是越来越明显了。,Para. 3,A dozen other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally than any built in New York City in the past twenty years. 有十多座其他城市都已经有了一些在建筑艺术上很富有创造性的
29、建筑物，而纽约最近二十年来所造的任何一幢建筑物都不能与之相比。,Para. 3,Toscaninis NBC Symphony: 托斯卡尼尼全国广播公司交响乐团a radio orchestra established by the National Broadcasting Company especially for conductor Arturo阿特洛 Toscanini,Toscanini One of the greatest opera and concert directors internationally known for his forcefulness and sty
30、le of conducting the most prominent orchestra conductor in the world,Para. 3,Para. 3,sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California. 1) sitcom: situation comedy; a radio or television series that involves a continuing cast of characters i
31、n a succession of unconnected episodes 情景喜剧2)cloned and canned: produced and packed, all ready for immediate consumption (showing)Alliteration and Metaphor,Para. 3,cloned Metaphor, comparing the sitcoms produced to plants or animals derived asexually from a single individualcanned recorded, filmed,
32、taped etc. but not yet released for sale,Para. 3,sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California. 3)preempt (v.) : (radio and TV) replace (a regularly scheduled program); to take over what was there before (广播、电视) 先占，先取得,Johnny Carson: bes
33、t known as Americas late night king of comedy深夜脱口秀泰斗host of NBC televisions Tonight Show (今晚) for thirty years (19621992),Para. 3,Para. 3,The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscaninis NBC Symphony once played now sit empty most of the time,sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Jo
34、hnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California. 曾是托斯卡尼尼全国广播公司交响乐团演出场所的巨人般的曼哈顿电视演播厅，现在经常是空无一人，而好莱坞大量生产出的情景喜剧和约翰尼卡森节目的实况转播却占满了加利福尼亚的广播电视发送频道。,Para. 3,Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. 1)Tin Pan Alley：an area in N.Y. where there are many songwriters, publishers of popular
35、musicMetonymy. It stands for center of popular music.2)Nashville: capital of Tennessee State, center of rock-and-roll,Nashville: The capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee. A music city,Para. 3,Para. 3,Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. The center of popular music has moved from Tin
36、 Pan Alley in N.Y. to Nashville and Hollywood.美国流行歌曲创作发行中心从纽约的廷潘胡同转移到了纳什维尔和好莱坞。,Para. 3,Vegas casinos routinely pay heavy sums to singers and entertainers whom no nightspot in Manhattan can afford to hire. 1)casino: a public room or building where gambling games are played赌场拉斯韦加斯的赌场经常出高薪聘请曼哈顿没有哪一家夜总
37、会请得起的歌手和艺员。,Para. 3,Deficiencies as a pacesetter are more and more evidentbuildings (buildings in other cities more inspired)television studios (empty)music (Tin Pan Alley/music centre: moved to Nashville and Hollywood )entertainment (cant afford to hire famous singers and entertainers)sports (no lo
38、nger attractive),Para. 4,It is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.但现在它似乎正在一定程度上争回其作为旅游胜地的地位。,Para. 5,They take more readily than do most Americans to its cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving, aloof, Eu
39、ropean standards, its alien mixtures.1)take to: to be fond of; care for; be attracted to 2)cosmopolitan : including people from many different countries 3)cosmopolitan complexities: complicated situation brought about by so many nationalities living together 4)aloof: 1)not friendly, cool and distant
40、; 2)uninvolved and uninterested here separated or alone独有的,Para. 5,They take more readily than do most Americans to its cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving, aloof, European standards, its alien mixtures.他们比大多数美国人更欣赏纽约这个国际大都市的五彩缤纷的生活，它那残存的、独此一家的欧洲社会准则以及它那众多外来民族混杂而居的社会。,Para. 5,Perhaps some of th
41、ese Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madison and Fifth, of all those familiar international names the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich.1)flatter: to make feel pleased or honored; gratify the vanity of 2)bi
42、lk (v.) : cheat or swindle 欺骗，蒙骗 3)frivolous: not serious; silly; useless 轻浮的;愚蠢的; 无用的,Madison Avenue a north-south avenue in the borough of Manhattan in New York City that carries northbound one-way traffic, center of the advertising business in the U.S,Para. 5,Fifth Avenue: a main road in the cent
43、er of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, famous for fashionable shops,Para. 5,Para. 5,Perhaps some of these Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madison and Fifth, of all those familiar international names the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exi
44、st to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich.1)flatter: to make feel pleased or honored; gratify the vanity of 2)bilk (v.) : cheat or swindle 蒙骗 3)frivolous: not serious; silly; useless 轻浮的;愚蠢的; 无用的,Para. 5,Perhaps some of these Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madis
45、on and Fifth, of all those familiar international names the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich.这些欧洲人中有些人也许是因为在麦迪逊大街和第五大街这两条双胞胎似的繁华大街上看到那些熟悉的国际名牌商号那些专为迎合并蒙骗那些轻浮浅薄的有钱人而存在的珠宝店、鞋店和服装设计店而感到心头踏实。,Para. 5,But no; what most excites Europeans is the ci
46、tys charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism.1)charged: tense,intense 2)vulgar: rude or obscene, here wild and violent 3)dynamism: the quality of being energetic, vigorous,Para. 5,But no; what most excites Europeans is the citys charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism.But it is not
47、true; What most excites Europeans is the citys tense, restless atmosphere, its crude/wild energy and vigor.最令欧洲人激动不已的是这个城市的那种精神饱满的紧张气氛和它那种野性的活力。,Para. 6,And since it contains its share of articulate losers, it is also about mockery, the put-down , the losers shrug (“whaddya gonna do?”). 1)share: a p
48、ortion belonging to 2)articulate losers: losers who express their defeat loudly and clearly articulate: skilled in expressing ones feelings, thoughts (能说会道的,发音清晰的) 3)put-down: ( American slang) a remark or criticism intended to make the others feel stupid or humuliate sb 令人难堪的话,Para. 6,And since it
49、contains its share of articulate losers, it is also about mockery, the put-down , the losers shrug (“whaddya gonna do?”). And since New York has many losers who express their defeat loudly and clearly, it also has to do with mockery, belittling remarks and the losers shrug of resignation.同时，由于存在着一批能
50、说会道的失意者，它也充满着嘲笑、轻侮和失意者的心灰意冷(“你说该咋办?”)。,Para. 6,It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdrivers or a clerks or a waiters attention, for a foothold , a chance, a better address, a larger billing. 1)foothold: a secure position from which one can make progress 2)billing: the listing of the actors names on a poster or circular (传单) advertising a play演员表，次序,
