1、第二部分 语法专题研究专题七 形容词和副词,1. He won in the story competition and his parents were very _.A. smart B. proud C. sorry D. upset,B,命题点1 形容词词义辨析(每年13道,单项填空,完形),中考试练,2. Many teenagers dont like to talk with their parents. But I am _them. I love to share my joy and sorrow with my parents.A. similiar to B. diff
2、erent from C. interested in D. angry with,B,3. Thanks to better health care, more people are _ longer lives today than before.A. livingB. livelyC. aliveD. live4. August 4th was the 143st anniversary of the _ of Andersen, father of fairy tale. He passed away on August 4th, 1875.A. deathB. deadC. dyin
3、gD. dead,A,A,考向一,形容词词义辨析(每年13道),满分突破,昆明中考注重对形容词的用法及辨析的考查,主要在单项填空和完形填空中涉及,其中完形填空每年必考。主要为人物描述类、物品描述类及词义相对类词汇。学生在做辨析题时,首先应读懂句意,抓住题干中关键信息,并分析各选项表达的意思,结合日常生活的常识及语境即可选出正确答案。可结合本书话题词汇记背手册重点记忆形容词的词义。下面将常考的3类形容词列举如下:,1.物品描述类(9年4考)creative有创意的empty空的famous有名的popular流行的true真实的awful可怕的boring无聊的colorful多姿多彩的;鲜艳的
4、,delicious美味的 thrilling可怕的 great重大的full完整的;满的 funny滑稽的 low低的interesting有趣的 meaningless没有意义的embarrassing令人尴尬的,2.人物描述类(9年3考)amazed惊讶的hungry饥饿的kind善良的happy开心的active积极的afraid害怕的alone独自的beautiful美丽的brave勇敢的careful细心的clever聪明的down沮丧的excited兴奋的famous著名的friendly友好的,handsome英俊的healthy健康的honest诚实的lucky幸运的nerv
5、ous焦虑的outgoing外向的patient耐心的polite有礼貌的proud骄傲的quiet安静的relaxed放松的ugly丑陋的surprised吃惊的sweet甜美的 tired疲惫的worried担心的,3.词义相对类(9年6考)light轻的heavy重的(2017昆明40题)free免费的expensive昂贵的(2015昆明25题)bad坏的well好的(2015昆明50题)old旧的new新的(2014昆明48题)good好的terrible糟糕的(2011昆明44题),angry生气的pleased高兴的;愉悦的(2009昆明30题)difficult困难的easy简
6、单的hot热的cool凉爽的long长的 short短的rich富裕的poor贫穷的right正确的wrong错误的,same相同的different不同的small小的big大的strong强壮的 weak瘦弱的young年轻的old年老的,形容词短语辨析(2014昆明46题),考向二,昆明中考对形容词短语的考查较少,主要在单项填空中出题。以下为初中常见的形容词短语:be worried about对担心be crazy about对疯狂/着迷be busy with 忙于,be famous for/known for 以而闻名 be proud of 为而感到自豪be afraid of
7、 害怕be popular with 受欢迎be ready for 为准备好be satisfied with 对满意be interested in 对感兴趣,be angry with 生的气be good at 擅长be strict with 对严厉/严格be thirsty for 渴望be full of/filled with 充满be bad for 对有害be similar to 与相似be friendly to 对友好,同根词辨析(2015昆明41、45题),考向三,2015昆明中考在完形填空中涉及2道同根词辨析类试题,解答同根词辨析类试题需注意对形式相似但词性和意义
8、不同的同根词区别记忆,现将初中常见易混同根词列举如下:,1. danger,dangerous,endanger与endangered (2015昆明41题),2. breath,breathe与breathing(2015昆明45题),3. live, alive,living与lively,4. die, dead, death 与dying,5. loud, loudly与aloud,命题点2 副词词义辨析(9年10考,单项填空,完形),中考试练,5. Hearing the good news, Betty laughed and ran _ out of the classroom.
9、A. bravely B. politelyC. angrily D. happily 6. Last night there was a big fire in Sunshine Shopping Mall. _ , no one was hurt.A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Easily D. Sadly,D,A,7. WeChat(微信) really influences peoples life. _. It is easier for us to keep in touch with others.A. Mainly B. Exactly C. Simply
10、 D. Mostly 8. Driving in the mountains can be very dangerous. You cant be _ careful.A. so B. very C. much D. too,B,D,昆明中考对副词词义辨析的考查主要在完形填空中,且均为同类副词不同词义的辨析。学生在做题时,首先应读懂句意,抓住题干中关键信息,并分析各选项表达的意思,根据语境和逻辑关系即可选出正确答案。更多副词用法可结合本书话题词汇记背手册重点记忆。,满分突破,以ly结尾的副词(9年5考),考向一,昆明中考对副词词义辨析的考查主要为以ly结尾的副词,偶尔涉及频度副词。常见以-ly
11、结尾的副词actually实际上 angrily生气地anxiously焦虑地bravely勇敢地 busily忙碌地carefully小心地,carelessly粗心地 certainly肯定地clearly清晰地closely紧密地 difficultly困难地easily容易地especially尤其地 exactly准确地excitedly兴奋地finally最终地 freely自由地hardly几乎不hurriedly匆忙地 immediately立刻lately最近地loudly大声地 luckily幸运地mainly主要地,nearly几乎politely有礼貌地possibly
12、可能地properly合适地quickly迅速地quietly安静地really真地recently最近地regularly定期地sadly悲伤地safely安全地slowly缓慢地strictly严厉地suddenly突然地truly真地unluckily不幸地 weakly虚弱地,频度副词(2015昆明44题),考向二,疑问副词,考向三,程度副词,考向四,时间副词,考向五,地点副词,考向六,命题点2 形容词和副词的比较等级(9年8考,单项填空),中考试练,9. Though Betty and Lily are twins, Betty isnt so _ as Lily.A. more
13、outgoing B. most outgoing C. outgoing D. the most outgoing,C,10. As we all know, _ the ground is, _the air becomes.A. the higher; the thicker B. the higher; the thinner C. the thicker; the higher D. the thinner; the higher,D,形容词和副词的比较等级是昆明中考的高频点。考生在遇到关于比较等级的试题时,应根据题干中的信息判断本题该使用什么等级,即什么形式。下面列举常见判断比较等
14、级的具体方法:,满分突破,1.原级的判定方法由表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时,用形容词原级。如:The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。具体用法如下:,2.比较级的判定方法由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时,用形容词或副词的比较级。如:It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。比较级的常见结构有:,3.最高级的常见结构有:,命题点4 用所给
15、形容词的适当形式填空(9年16考,单词填空),中考试练,11. The CD player will go wrong if you dont use it_ .(proper)12. That little girl is fighting against her serious _. How brave she is!(ill)13. You must have a lot of _ when you are dealing with those naughty kids.(patient),properly,illness,patients,分析昆明近9年单词填空真题可知:1. 近9年单
16、词填空中所给的词中除2017年外每年均有1-3道为形容词,共考查15次;2. 近9年单词填空中,4次填副词(均以-ly结尾), 3次填名词,3次填原形,2次填比较级,2次填最高级,1次变为其反义词。,满分突破,解答此类试题要注意副词的用法,并积累常见的比较等级标志词及句型:填副词:1. 修饰动词(2016昆明73题,2015昆明72题,2014昆明67题)2. 修饰整个句子(2012昆明70题)3. 固定搭配,填比较级:1. 有标志词than,2. the+比较级,the+比较级句型3. 前有much修饰(2016昆明71题)4. 前后语境对比(2012昆明66题),填最高级:1. 有表示范围
17、的介词短语(in China, of all.)2. 特殊结构:one of the+最高级(2009昆明81题)3. 空前是the,空后是多音节或双音节形容词(2011昆明81题)4. the+最高级+名词5. 固定搭配:do ones best等。,填名词:1. 空前有形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰(2016昆明66题)2. the+名词+of结构(2015昆明74题)3. 固定搭配:in good health等(2012昆明68题),考向一,形容词副词(9年4考),1. 形容词的用法和位置形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语,表语和宾语补足语。2.副词的用法修饰动词、
18、形容词、副词或整个句子,在句中一般作状语。,(1)作状语,修饰动词或整个句子。如:He works hard.他努力工作。(修饰动词)Unfortunately, he was out.很不巧,他出去了。(修饰整个句子)(2)作表语。作表语的副词多是表示位置或状态的,如in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairs等如:Whats on this evening?今晚演什么节目?,(3)作宾语补足语。如:Let them in. 让他们进来。3.形容词转换为副词,考向二,形容词比较等级(9年4考),注意 单音节词和少数双音节词中第三种变化形式在初中阶段主要有以下几个形容词:big, red, wet, hot, fat, thin, fit。因此,我们可按其汉语意思记为:大、红、湿、热、胖、瘦、合适。,比较等级的规则变化:比较级要变化,一般情况加-er。词尾若有哑音e,直接加-r就可以。一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加-er。最高级加-est,前面加the莫忘记。形容词副词若是多音节,只把more,most前面写。,2. 形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化,考向三,形容词名词(9年3考),2. 形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化,(更多形容词转换副词、名词见话题词汇记背手册P50),