1、微波技术与天线,Microwave Technology and Antennas,天津工业大学 电子与信息工程学院 夏靖,Introduction,1.MicrowaveA comparatively short electromagnetic wave300M300GHz 1m1mm,甚高频,特高频,超高频,高频,极高频,2.Applications of Microwave,Microwave Oven,2.45 GHz,Magnetron,磁控管,http:/ is an acronym for radio detection and ranging,This long range r
2、adar antenna (approximately 40m (130ft) in diameter) rotates on a track to observe activities near the horizon.,该远距离雷达天线（直径大概40米）能在轨道上旋转，用以观察接近地平面的活动,http:/,地面卫星接收天线,3.7m Communications Trailer,1.2m Wall Mount,航天器： 火星快车的3D 模型，拥有直径 1.8m 的高增益天线,Spacecraft: Mars Express 3D Model with 1.8m diameter High
3、 Gain Antenna,http:/sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31388 http:/www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mars/missions/index.html,RF(Radio Frequency) 射频 Cell Phone 蜂窝电话 ,手机,SMT500 http:/ http:/ Globalstar-GSP-1600 HANDHELD TRI-MODE PHONE,Globalstar Satellite Mode (CDMA) 800 MHz CDMA (Digital
4、Cellular) 800 MHz AMPS (Analog Cellular),Frequency Range: Globalstar Transmit: 1610.73 to 1625.49 MHz Globalstar Receive: 2484.39 to 2499.15 MHz Cellular Transmit: 824.01 to 848.97 MHz Cellular Receive: 869.01 to 893.97 MHz,雷达：相控雷达,AESA APG-80 mounted on F-16,BENDIX WEATHER RADAR RDR-1150,3.Math Sof
5、tware,Commercial software (商业软件): Matlab Mathematica Maple MathCAD,Free software (自由软件): Maxima scilab scipy, numpy,matplotlib octave, gnuplot,Maple http:/,Mathematica http:/,Maxima,scilab,matplotlib,gnuplot,4.CAD Software,Agilent ADS Ansoft HFSS Ansoft Designer CST Microwave Studio XFDTD Feko,Agile
6、nt ADS,同轴电缆到PCB的连接,Magnitude of the E-field（Ansoft HFSS)电场的振幅,Microstrip Line（CST Microwave Studio)微带线,Horn Antenna transient field（XFDTD) 号角天线的瞬态场,Horn antenna far field pattern(XFDTD)号角天线远场区的方向图,偶极天线,http:/www.feko.info/,Chapter1 Vector Analysis 矢量(向量)分析,1.1Definition Scalar（标量）A scalar is a quant
7、ity that is completely characterized by its magnitude. 用振幅就能够完全表示的量 mass , temperature, work, electric charge 质量，温度， 功， 电荷,Vector(矢量） A vector is a quantity that is completely characterized by its magnitude and direction. 用振幅和方向完全表示的量force, velocity, electric field and acceleration 力，速度，电场（场强） 和 加速度
8、,1.2 Vector Algebra,A= ax Ax+ ay Ay+ az Az ; B= ax Bx+ ay By+ az Bz Addition and Subtraction A+B= ax (Ax + Bx ) + ay (Ay + By) + az ( Az + Bz );A-B= ax (Ax - Bx ) + ay (Ay - By) + az ( Az - Bz );,Dot Product -result is scalar AB=|A|B|cos(qAB)=AxBx+AyBy+AzBz 例：A=-7ax+12ay+3az; B=4ax-2ay+16azAB=？AB=-4
9、,A= ax Ax+ ay Ay+ az Az ; B= ax Bx+ ay By+ az Bz,Cross Product-result is vector AB=|A|B|sin(qAB) =ax(AyBzAzBy)+ay(AzBxAxBz)+az(AxByAyBx),例：A=-7ax+12ay+3az; B=4ax-2ay+16azAB=？ BA=?AB= 198ax+124ay-34azBA= -198ax-124ay+34az,1.3 The Vector differential operator 矢量微分算子 ,Directional derivative 方向导数j is a
10、scalar,1.4 Gradient 梯度,例：j=x2 y2z2,Arrow Plot,z,x,y,1.5 Divergence 散度,Definition: The divergence of a vector is the limit of its surface integral per unit volume as the volume enclosed by the surface goes to zero . 定义：矢量的散度是该矢量每单位体积的面积分在该曲面所包围的体积趋于零时的极限值。,F= ax Fx+ ay Fy+ az Fz,例：,1.6 Curl 旋度,例：,1.7 Maxwell Equations 麦克斯韦方程组,Gauss law for magnetism Amperes law Gauss law for electricity Faradays law of induction,
