1、Inversion,Unit 4 Grammar,在前三个单元我们讲解了动词的-ed形式作,定语和表语,宾语补足语,状语,本单元我们将学习一个新的语法点,倒装 (Inversion),什么是倒装呢?,英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。,倒装 Inversions,1. 用于 there be 句型。 There are many students in the classroom.,原句自然顺序是：Many students are there in the
2、 classroom.,全部倒装,2. 用于“here (there, now, then) + 不及物动词 + 主语的句型中, 或以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里面,表示强调。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes our turn. Out went the children.,代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。,Here it is. In he comes.,3. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。,To the south of the city lies a big s
3、teel factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.Under the tree stands a little boy.,划线的均是表示地点状语, 位于句首。,4. 表语置于句首时, 倒装结构采用“表语连系动词主语”的结构形容词连系动词主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.,2) 过去分词连系动词主语 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked
4、.3) 介词连系动词主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.,5. 为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或为了使上下文结构紧凑。,强调状语,They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.,Inside the pyramids are the burial roomsfor the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.,保持句子结构平衡,1. 用于疑问句
5、 Do you speak English?,由 If you had reviewed your lessons 这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。,部分倒装,2. 用于省略if 的虚拟条件句 Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.,3. 用于No sooner than , Hardly when 和 not until 的句型中。 No sooner had she gone out than the class began. Not until the teacher came did he
6、 finish his homework.,4. 用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, at no time, not only 等否定词开头的句子里。 Never shall I do this again. At no time can you say “no” to the order. Seldom does he eat breakfast.,5. 用于only开头的句子(only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句) Only in this way can you lean English well. Only when he
7、told me did I realize what trouble he was in.,6. 用于 so, nor, neither 开头的句子,表示重复的内容。此句谓语应与前句谓语结构一致。 He has been to Beijing. So have I. My son is a student. So was I thirty years ago.,7. 在 so / such that 的结构中, 若so / such置于句首, 则句子部分倒装。 So difficult a problem is it that I cant work it out. Such a noble
8、person is he that people all respect him.,8. 用于某些祝愿语中。 May you succeed. May you have the best season ever.,倒装句中主谓何时不倒装,在需要倒装的种种句型中，有时主语和谓语并不需倒装，大致可归纳如下几种：,1. 疑问句中, 如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语, 主谓不倒装。,What happened to her？她出了什么事？How many people are working in that laboratory？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？,2. 在以in, out, back, up
9、, down, off, away, here, there等副词开头的句子中,如果主语是人称代词, 主谓不倒装。 Away he went to the station. 他到车站去了。 Here she comes. 她来了。,3. 如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。 Only the teachers are allowed to use this room. 只有教师可以使用这个房间。 Only some of the children like English. 只有一些孩子喜欢英语。,4. 如果置于句首的 not onlybut also仅连接作主
10、语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语不倒装。 Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law. 新法律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿 童也有影响。,5. 把副词性替代词so提前, 如果两句的主语相同, 且后者只是进一步肯定或强调前者, so后面的语序不倒装。Its raining. 下雨了。So it is. 是下雨了。Bob didnt know about it.So he didnt.鲍勃不知道这件事。他确实不知道。,6.以 so开头的句型, 如果是so it is (was) with+另一主语, 此时主语
11、和谓语不倒装。如： Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels. 马克思出生在德国, 德语是他的母语, 恩格斯也是如此。,教堂附近有一间破旧的小屋。 Near the church was a ruined cottage.2. 他一点也不知道, 警察就要逮捕他了。 Little does he know that the police are about to arrest him.,用倒装句翻译下列句子。,3. 如果我了解你的意图我就不会浪费时间向你解释了。 Had I
12、 realized what you intended I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.4. 那记号很小，我几乎看不到。 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.,参加会议的有来自全国各地政府官员、商人、银行家。 Present at the meeting were government officials, businessmen and bankers from different parts of the country.,6.
13、无论什么情况下我们都不要放弃计划。 Under no circumstance can we give up the plan.,1. -Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also,Multiple choices.,2. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution w
14、as. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realized D. didnt the villagers realized,3. Only in this way _ do it well. A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can 4. Hardly _ when it began to rain. A. had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive,
15、5. Only when class began _ that he had left his book at home. A. will realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize 6. Not a single mistake _ in the dictation yesterday. A. did he make B. made by him C. he made D. he had made,7. No sooner _ his talk than he _ by the workers. A. he
16、 finished; surrounded all B. did he finish; did surround C. had he finished; was surrounded D. after he finished; was surrounded near,8. Little _ know about verbs, Franz _ his head. A. did he; dare not lift B. he; dare not lift C. did he; dare not to lift D. doesnt; doesnt dare lift,9. Not only _ a
17、promise, but also kept it. A. had he made B. he had made C. did he make D. he makes10. I finally got the job. Never in all life_ so happy. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt,11. In no country _ Britain, it has been said, _ experience four seasons in the course of a single day. A. ot
18、her than; one can B. other than; can one C. rather than; one can D. rather than; can one,12. _ a mobile phone can you ring _ you want to talk with anywhere. A. Using; whoever B. Only on; whoever C. With; whoever D. Using; whomever,If Joes wife wont go to the party,_. (2007 全国)he will either B. neith
19、er will he C. he neither will D. either he will,高考链接,2. How was the televised debate last night? Super! Rarely _ so much media attention. (2007 上海卷) A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate,3. Little _ that we were watching his every move, so he see
20、med to be going his own way in this business.(2007 安徽)he realized B. he didnt realize C. he didnt he realize D. did he realize,4. My room gets very cold at night. _. (2007 江苏卷) A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does,5. Did you see who the driver was? No, so quickly_ that I couldnt get a good look at his face. (2007 上海) Adid the car speed by Bthe car sped by Cdoes the car speed by Dthe car speeds by,6. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. (2007 辽宁) A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt,Thank you!,
