1、Dr. Tsien Hsue-Shen1911,Shanghai,Knowledgewasboundless. Nothingisfinal .,*U.S threw out man who put China in Space*”Hes worth five divisions anywhere. Little did Kimball know that Tsien would one day be regarded as “the father of Chinas space industry.”*Tsien - whose given name, Hsue-shen, means stu
2、dy to be wise - was a .,Key words:*astronomyAstronomerastronaut*engineerinstitute*space programmespace flightland on Mars,*space industrysatellite*admirehero*get on with my homeworkneed good grades,Listening P5 Using language,Answer key for Exercise 1:1. Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.2
3、. In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.3.When Qian Xuesen returned to China he sep up a Space Institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.4.In China he has been honoured as “the father of th
4、e space programme”.5.Steve Smith suggested putting Qian Xuesens picture on Mars when the first Chinese astronaut lands there.,* DiscussionIn pairs discuss what scientific job each of you would like to choose in the future.(Refer to the questions &expressions on P6 that may help you),*scientific jobs
5、 include:-Biology Jobs Environmental Jobs Laboratory Technician Jobs Research Jobs Chemistry Jobs Food Technician Jobs Physics Jobs,*Listening Practice : On Page 41,Carl Linnaeus (林奈)(1707-1778,Sweden),Carl Linnaeus, was a Swedish botanist,(植物学家) physician (内科医生)and zoologist,who laid the foundation
6、s for the modern scheme of nomenclature.命名法 He is known as the “father of modern taxonomy.” (分类学)He is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology .(生态学) He was the most renowned botanist of his time, and was also noted for his fine linguistic skills. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rou
7、sseau sent him the message: Tell him I know no greater man on earth. The German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote: With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly. Swedish author August Strindberg wrote: Linnaeus was i
8、n reality a poet who happened to become a naturalist.4,Naming a flower Here is Robert Briggs talking to Zhang Wei about a new flower he has found.RB:Ive found a new kind of lily. I know this one is special because of its size and its colour.ZW: How can you find out if it really is a new kind?RB: Ill
9、 have to take it to a lily specialist. All the different kinds of lily are collected in a book. Hell see if my lily is there.ZW: Who wrote the book? Why dont you go and see the writer about the writer?RB: I cans .He s been dead for three hundred years. His name was Karl Linnaeus and he lived in Swed
10、en from 1707 to 1778.ZW: That was so long ago! Havent they found a better way since then?,Kaliningrad now加里宁革勒,a view of Konigsberg of its day,Page 42Using words and expressions,*Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician who made enormous contributions to a wide range of mathematics and physics inclu
11、ding analytic geometry, trigonometry, geometry, calculus and number theory. *解析几何, 三角法,几何法,微积分学,数论,*only if *only是中心词, -“只有(才)；只有在的时候，唯一的条件是”Eg.I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. * only if /only.if 表示唯一的条件 *放句首时,主句部分倒装 *if only *中心词if, +条件状语从句。 * if only-表达强烈的愿望或遗憾,+虚拟语气中， “但愿”、“要是该多
12、好啊”等。egIf only she could have lived a little longer. 要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！ *感叹句中=if but/just代替。,Exercises in the workbook,P42. A report on living conditions1.In the twenty-first century, educated people find it difficult to believe that living conditions in the nineteenth century _ people _ serious illn
13、esses. The reports of many doctors _ illness _ drinking polluted water. However, one hundred years ago people did not connect a disease to the environment. So they did not _ the companies that supplied dirty water. The doctors found that the dirtier the water, the more _ the illness. It was only lat
14、er when people began to _ the water and _ its quality that they_ the idea that cholera was _ from the air. It was only when everybody began to attack the dirty conditions that,expose,examine,severe,blame,to,link,to,absorbed,rejected,test,1,cholera was _ and was not a problem any more.*,defeated,*fin
15、ish Ex. 2 on P42. Answers to the translation:1.Apart from going to the park, I have not been outside my flat this summer.2.The results of the scientific experiments are valuable to us and they will contribute to the success of our research.3.In addition to a good income I am offering you a new flat
16、to live in. (except for)4.It is difficult to make a conclusion without enough evidence.5.Please check carefully after you complete the writing and make sure all the sentences make sense.,apart from：除了之外，习惯上放在句首。apart from=except for，except for可以放在句首，也可以不放在句首。except for：除了之外(含有对整体当中某一方面不满意，如：The arti
17、cle is very good except for handwriting.整修文章都不错，就是字写得不好。)apart from有两层含义：except，besides。except和besides可放在句子中间，besides指在整体上加上，except要从整体减掉。,*except for、except“把除外” “-”*besides和in addition to“除了，还有”。”+”except =but 同类之间,句子的重心在后面(总中减)except for 不同类之间,=“除了一点小的不足，其它大的方面都”，/(含有对整体当中某一方面不满意)apart from 同类, 不
18、同类都行 =except/ except forbesides和in addition to 表意是一致的，都是“除了之外，还”，也就是说，它们前后的内容都是包括在内的。 eg. Everyone of them agreed to his proposal except her. His composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes. This morning I had some bread besides/in addition to a cup of milk.,except:not including；but
19、 not；leaving out。指不包括后面引出的事物或人在内，即“除外（没有）”之意。它常与no，none，nothing等否定词，或者all，everyone，everything等不定代词连用，但不可用于句首。例如：A)I wouldnt have accepted anything except a job in Europe. B)I would not speak to him except to answer questions.,*except for意为：apart from。它与except所表示的整体情况大致相同，区别在于：被排除在外的事物与正在被谈及的事物之间不具有共
20、同属性或性质。except for可用于句首。例如：A)He hadnt eaten anything except for a little salad. B)Except for John and Marry, were all here.*在all，any，no，anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere，everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere，nothing，nobody，no one，nowhere和whole等表示整体概念的词后面，except和except for可以交替使用。但在其它场合通常用except for，
21、不能用except。试比较：,6.Youre going to attend the lecture, arent you? But you dont seem very enthusiastic about it.7.Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.8.The government announced that the disease was under control.9.Professor Yang is strict with his assistants. They must do the experi
22、ments according to his instructions.,Finish Ex.1&2 on P44. Answers to Using structures,Using structures,1.prepared 2. interested 3. worried, continued 4. arrived 5. concerned 6. frightened,1,1.I found this broken plate on the floor.2.I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.3.I looked at
23、 that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens.4.Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question.5.She is my friend devoted to my interests.6.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles were marked in green ink.7.We saw many cracked windows in that room.,2,*be blame to 与主动表被动,1.表示被动含义
24、的主动动词* 表示被动意义的link v.Eg. Taste/ sound / prove/ feel etcYour reason sounds reasonable.Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.* cant(不能)/wont(不会)+verbs,like lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)eg.The door wont open.这门打不开。It cant move.它不能动。,* sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)etc. +we
25、ll(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地) Eg.The book sells well. These clothes wash well.*用在“主语+vi.+主语补语”eg.This material has worn thin.The dust has blown into the house.2.表示被动含义的主动结构1)动名词be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)+vingThese young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need
26、 to be looked after) carefully.Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).,2)不定式a.*作定语:常表示动宾关系,-主表被动 *There+be+主+to do/ *Vt.+object +to do /*主+have+宾+to doThere is a lot of work to do. Give him some books to read. He has a family to support. *也可被表被There is so much work to do/to be done.Give me
27、the names of the people to contact/to be contacted. b.*主语+amusing/cheap/ dangerous/ difficult/ easy/ important/ nice/ pleasant +to do etc.That question is difficult to answer. Chickens legs are nice to eat. c.*be to do中如:,Who is to blame for starting the fire?The house is to let.此房出租。A lot remains t
28、o do.还剩下许多事情要做。3)特殊结构“be + under +n.”-某事“在进行中”。Eg. repair(修理), treatment(治疗), question(质问)等。The building is under construction.The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).“be worthy of +n.”,名词和句子的主语有被动含义,如:a man worthy of support一个值得支持的人nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情*此结构后通常用表示行为的名词
29、,而不用动名词的被动形式,-ing form,动名词,动词的ing分词,动名词：在句子中起名词作用，可作主，宾，表，定的成分。分词在句中通常可以用作表语、定语、补语、状语。,1. 动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如：do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式：not+ -ing构成2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。,例如：Being a student, he was interested in drawing. 作为一个学生
30、，他对书本很感兴趣。Not having studied hard, he failed the exam. 因为没有努力学习，他考试不及格。The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题和重要。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。,动名词的形式,方法一：,My job is teaching.,Teaching is my job.,The boy is sleeping.,Sleeping is
31、 the boy.,A girl is dancing.,Dancing is the girl.,The book is interesting.,Interesting is the book.,找出右边成立的句子。,动名词,现在分词,现在分词,现在分词,在做表语的时候：,方法二：,在做定语的时候：,A drinking cup,A cup for drinking,The sleeping boy,A boy for sleeping,A cooking pan,A pan for cooking,A dancing girl,A girl for dancing,找出右边成立的句子。,
32、动名词,动名词,现在分词,现在分词,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。,动名词作定语表示性质或用途。,总结：,*过去分词的基本用法：1）作表语*Link v. +p.p. 其中:vt.表状态；vi.(位移)eg. go,come,assemble(集合)etc. 表示完成,无被动,还可表情感. -Eg.The man looked quite disappointed.He is greatly discouraged by her refusal.His hair is nearly all gone.*形容词化的过去分词大多可作表
33、语，常见的有accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested, lost ,satisfied, surprised, worried etc.,2）作定语*a）vt-前置定语,含被动意义和完成意义eg.We like skating in the frozen lake in the
34、 winter.=We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter.How many finished products have you got up to now?=How many products that have been finished have you got up to now?*Vi.很少,只表完成意义，不表示被动意义： a retired worker=a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped
35、 a faded/withered flower=a flower that has faded/withered fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen the risen sun=the sun that has just risen a returned student=a student who has returned vanished treasure= treasure that has vanished,*b) vt.-后置定语,表示被动意义和完成意义。 Eg.Things seen are better than things heard.
36、 =Things which are seen are better than things which are heard. The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious. =The lobster which was broiled over charcoal was delicious.*3）作宾语补足语 a）感官/心理动词 如:see, hear, feel, find, think + sb +P.P Tom found himself involved in an awkward situation. I saw Tom dress
37、ed like a beggar in the street. Everybody thought the match lost until the last minute. b） “致使” 如: make, get, have, keep +sb/sth. +p.p I have my clothes washed everyday. Dont get your schedule changed ;stay with us in the class. Hes trying to make himself understood. Please keep us informed of the l
38、atest price. c)希望、要求、命令如:like, want, wish, order +p.p We dont like such topics (to be) discussed in class. I wish this problem (to be) solved this week.,*4)作状语 vt.-修饰主句的谓语动词=状语从句，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等 *前加加when, while, if, as if, though。 *前后逻辑主语一致.Whenever praised, she blushes.（作时间状语）=Whenever she is prai
39、sed, she blushes. United, we stand , divided, we fall.（作条件状语） =If we are united, we stand, if we are divided, we fall. Written in great haste, this book is full of errors.（作原因状语） =Because this book is written in great haste, it is full of errors. Although born in Germany ,John lives and works in U.S
40、.A。（作让步状语）=Although John was born in Germany, he lives and works in U.S.A。,*3.分词的完成式及被动式 *指的是现在分词:如果表示的是一般性动作，不表明动作的先后或与谓语动作同时发生,这时要用现在分词的一般形式。Eg.- Living in the downtown, we found a lot of amusements. *如果现在分词所表示的动作先于句子谓语发生，就要用现在分词的完成式“(not) having+过去分词”。 eg. Having heard from my father, I was relie
41、ved. Not having received any letter from my family, I was worried.,*如果现在分词的逻辑主语是现在分词所表示的动作的对象，要用被动形式，即:“（not）being +p.p”/not having been+ p.peg.Upon being questioned, he denied having robbed the bank.The new method, having been widely used abroad, can increase the working efficiency.,4. *分词的独立结构1) 分
42、词作状语时，前后逻辑主语必须一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：The project finished, they had a two weeks leave.He being absent, nothing could be done.2) 独立结构也可:“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况.eg.They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake. With him helpin
43、g me, I felt lucky.有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。,*独立结构位置灵活:可置于句首、句中或句末。 *独立结构中用作主语的名词之前的限定词有时可以省略Eg.The manager sat quietly in his office, (his)eyes closed. He stood in the doorway, (his) wet cloak dripping water on the rug, and waited for some sign of recognition.*The holidays being over, they began to get down to
44、 do their work again.（原因状语）=As the holiday was over, they began to get down to do their work again.,*All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.（条件状语）=If all things are considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.*His homework done, Johan went out to play.（时间状语）=After h
45、is homework had been done, Johan went out to play.*The girl was smiling sweetly, her long hair flowing hair flowing in the breeze.（伴随状语）*独立结构表伴随状况,由with引导的介词词组，而表示否定的由without引导。Eg.The girl was smiling sweetly with her long hair flowing in the breeze.Without anyone noticing, I slipped out of the room
46、.,1.I saw the boy crying sadly.2. We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake3. My sisters being ill made we worried.4. Its no use going there today.He wont be at home.5.The man following was obviously in a hurry。 6.I noticed him slipping away before the end of the meeting.7.Seeing is believing.
47、,现在分词做状语：*Rushing out of the room, be has knocked down by a car.（作时间状语）=When he rushed out of the room,he was hnocked down by a car.*Working harder, you will pass the entrance exam.（作条件状语）=If you work harder, you will pass the entrance exam.*She sat at a window ，reading a book.（作伴随状语）=She sat at a window and read a book.,
