1、Section Word power，Grammar and usage,Unit 3 Understanding each other,.词汇知识 1._ (n.) 焰火，烟花 2._ (n.) 芥末；芥末酱 3._ (n.) 户外烧烤 4._ (n.) 期望，盼望 5._ (n.) 皇帝 6._ (adv.& adj.) 海外(的),firework,mustard,barbecue,expectation,emperor,overseas,.重点短语 1.let _ 更不用说 2.provide _为提供某物 3._ the future 在将来 4._ strong _a horse
2、力大如牛 5._ day 总有一天,alone,with,in,as,as,some,6.as _as a bee 忙得不可开交 7. as _ as a church house 一贫如洗 8.as _as a cucumber 泰然自若，非常冷静 9._ like a dog 沉睡，酣睡 10.dream _梦想，梦见,busy,poor,cool,sleep,of,1summary n摘要，概要 (教材原句)Ma Li，can you give me a quick summary of what you have found out about habits and customs i
3、n different countries? 马丽，你能快速地概括一下你的关于不同国家的风俗习惯的发现吗？,归纳拓展 a summary of 的总结/摘要 in summary 总之，总而言之 to sum up 概括起来说,巧学活用 11一句多译 总的说来，这场演出令人失望。 _，this was a disappointing performance. _，this was a disappointing performance.,In summary,To sum up,Please write me a summary of this report. 请为我写一份这个报告的摘要。 I
4、n summary，there are the following possibilities for the observation of sunspots. 总之，太阳黑子的观测有以下可能性。,2expectation n期望，盼望 (教材原句)It is quite interesting.I learnt that expectations at weddings can be quite different. 太有趣了，我知道了对婚礼的期望可能是非常不同的。,归纳拓展 in expectation of 预计，期待 beyond/out of ones expectation 出乎某
5、人的意料 expect v. 预料，期望；要求，指望 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 expect sb.to do sth. 期待某人做某事 expect that 期待,It is really out of my expectation. 这大大出乎我的意料。 She expects to fail the exam. 她预料无法通过考试。 I expect them to come to the party. 我预料他们会来聚会。 Many people were expecting (that) the peace talks would break down.许多人
6、原本料想和平谈判会破裂。,易混辨析 expect，look forward to,3anyway adv.不管怎样，总之 (教材原句)Anyway，you should not wait so long to begin your homework. 无论怎样，你都不应该等那么久才开始做作业。,易混辨析 somehow，anyhow，anyway，somewhat,21单项填空 (1)The show came up _it was wonderful. Ato all our expectations Bagainst all our expectations Cof all our exp
7、ectations Din all our expectations 解析：选A。come up to ones expectations 符合某人的期待，如某人所预料。,(2)According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars. Ais expected Bexpects Cexpected Dis expecting 解析：选A。此题考查expect的用法。句意：按照字画商的要求，这幅画有可能以至少一百万美元成交。painting与expect是动宾关系,所以要用被动语态，故选A。
8、,(3)Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? Yes, they have better players.So I _ them to win. Ahope Bprefer Cexpect Dwait 解析：选C。考查词义辨析。句意：你认为明星队能战胜公牛队吗?当然了。他们有更好的球员，所以我预料他们赢。expect在此表示“预料，猜想”。根据句意，故选C。,31单项填空 (1)Do you know the reason why he failed? No，he is a hard-working man._，he failed finall
9、y. ASomehow BAnyhow CAnyway DSomewhat 解析：选A。句意：你知道他为什么失败了吗？不知道，他工作很努力，不知何故，失败了。A.不知何故；B和C不管怎样；D.有一点，稍微。,(2)I was _ unhappy while he arrived ten minutes late. Asomehow Bsomewhat Canyhow Dmeanwhile 解析：选B。句意：他迟来了10分钟，我有点不高兴。somewhat有一点，稍微，符合题意。somehow不知何故；anyhow不管怎样；meanwhile同时，都不符合语境。,4let alone 更不用说
10、(教材原句)In his youth，however，he never left his hometown，let alone travelled to another country. 然而，在他年轻的时候，他从来没有离开过他的家乡，更不用说到其他的国家旅游了。,41单项填空 (1)I couldnt afford to rent a house like this，_ buy it. Ano longer Bno more than Clet alone Dinstead 解析：选C。句意：这样的房子我租都租不起，更不用说买了。let alone“更不用说”。no longer“不再”；n
11、o more than“不多于,仅仅”；instead“而是”，都不合句意。,42完成句子 潮湿就令人不快乐，更不用说寒冷了。 The dampness is unpleasant，_ the cold. The dampness is unpleasant，_ the cold.,not to mention,not to speak of,(教材原句)One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years. 英语
12、中之所以有如此多法语词的一个原因是法国人曾统治过英国好多年。,句法分析 本句为含有why引导的定语从句的复合句。先行词为reason，引导词是关系副词why。 The reason why he asked to go there is that his parents work there. 他要求到那儿去的原因是他父母在那儿工作。,归纳拓展 (1)当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。 (2)介词关系代词(which)where/when/why。,I still remember the day when I first came
13、 to Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。 Do you know the reason why he is absent？(whyfor which)你知道他缺席的原因吗？,巧学活用 11单项填空 (1)(2012松江二中高二期中)The reason _ he gave for being late was _ he forgot to use the alarm clock. Awhich；because Bwhy；because Cwhich；that Dthat；because,解析：选C。由句子结构知第一个空为定语从句的引导词，先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少gav
14、e的宾语，应选that/which且可以省略；第二空为表语从句的引导词，当reason作主语时，其表语从句只能用that引导，切忌使用why或because。,(2)(2012北京海淀期中)The story took place in the days before automobiles _ everyone used horses. Awhich Bwhere Cwhen Das 解析：选C。句意：故事发生在还没有汽车的时候，那时人们都使用马。先行词为the days，关系词在从句中作状语，故选when。,(3)(2012浙江预测卷)The favorite room is the ti
15、dy study with a fireplace，_ we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhich 解析：选A。句意：最受欢迎的房间是有壁炉的整齐书房，在那里我们能看电视并欣赏外面美丽的风景。where引导定语从句修饰study(书房)，并在从句中作地点状语。,虚拟语气() 1.语气的定义和种类 (1)语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 (2)语气的种类： 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。,We
16、 are not ready.我们没准备好。 What a fine day it is！多好的天气啊！ 祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Open the door，please.请打开门。,虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were you，I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。 May you succeed！祝您成功！,在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时，用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。英语中的虚拟语气可分为对过去的虚拟、对现在的虚拟、对将
17、来的虚拟以及表达“祝愿”“坚决”“要求”“命令”等主观愿望的虚拟。本单元主要学习虚拟语气在条件句中的使用。,2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。,如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来也不可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。 If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you abou
18、t it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。),在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：,【注意】 主句中的should只用于I/we，但在美语中，should常被would代替；从句中的would可用于各种人称。 (1)表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。 If my brother were here，everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。,(2)表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。 If you had taken my advi
19、ce，you wouldnt(couldnt) have failed in the exam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。 (3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。 If it were Sunday tomorrow,I should (would，could，might)go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天,我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。,If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。 (4)有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不
20、一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气)，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。,If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now. 如果你当初听医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在。),(5)虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式： 省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放在主语之前，构成主谓倒装。Were I you(If I were you)，I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。,用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的
21、情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。 Without air (If there were no air)，there would be no living things.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。,But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)，I couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。,I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If
22、 I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就),I would have finished the work，but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill，I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成),(6)省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。 省去条件从句 You could
23、 have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自己洗衣服的。 (省去了“If you had wanted to”)(事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。),省去主句(常用以表示愿望) If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！(事实是：祖母已去世。) If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了！(事实是：她已经走了。),.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.If you _(stop)him in time，the accident _(not,occur). 2.Living crea
24、tures _(survive) on the moon if there _(be) proper living conditions.,had stopped,would not have occurred,would survive,were,3.Luckily，you _(take) immediate action；otherwise，the naughty boy _(get) run over by the car. 4.Without the protection of the atmosphere，human beings _(not，exist) on the earth.
25、,had taken,would have got,would not exist,5.If necessary measures _ (take)，the living conditions _ (be)quite different now. 6.But for the correct leadership of the Party，we _(live)a poor life today. 7.If they _(be)well aware of the potential danger，they _ (think) of ways to prevent it before it took
26、 place.,had been taken,would be,would be living,had been,would have thought,8.If he _(not，strict)with us，how _ we _ (achieve)so much in our studies?,was/were not strict,could,have achieved,.完成句子 1.If you _(没有误解) Tom，he wouldnt have fought against you. 2.If I were you，I _ (不会参加)the activity tonight.
27、3.If I _(明天有时间), I would certainly help you.,hadnt misunderstood,wouldnt participate in,had time tomorrow,4._ (如果你犯错)，you should not be embarrassed. 5._ (要是我能告诉你这两个国家的文化差异)，I would have.,If you made a mistake,If I had told you about cultural differences between the two countries,.单项填空 1.(2012北京市重点中学
28、高二期中)If I_ here earlier，I _ the English Speech competition. Ahad come；wouldnt have missed Bcame；wouldnt have missed Chave come；would not miss Dcome；will not have missed,解析：选A。本题考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我早来一会儿，我就不会错过英语演讲比赛。本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用“had过去分词”，主句用“wouldhave过去分词”。,2.(2012湖南师大附中高二期中)Why didnt you tell me t
29、he news of the meeting? I knew nothing about it，or I _ you. Awould tell Bhad told Ctold Dwould have told 解析：选D。本题考查虚拟语气。句意：为什么不告诉我开会的消息我不知道,否则我会告诉你的.考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。主句用“wouldhave过去分词”。,3.(2011高考北京卷)Maybe if I _ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help. Astudied Bwould stu
30、dy Chad studied Dwas studying 解析：选C。句意：也许如果我那时学理科而不是文科,我现在就能给你更多的帮助。本题考查虚拟语气，如果表示与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语形式应是had done，故选C。,4.(2011高考福建卷)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I _ it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview. Aattended Bhad attended Cwould attend Dwould have attended,解析：选D。句意：很可
31、惜你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。我本来要参加，但忙于准备工作面试。本题考查虚拟语气。根据but后面的内容可知，设空处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以正确答案为D。,5.(2010高考天津卷)John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it，I would have gone with him. Ashould tell Btells Ctold Dhad told 解析：选D。本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“had过去分词”，主句用“wouldhave过去分词”，故答案选D。,6.He talks as if he _ Akn
32、ows all about it Bhas known all about it Cknew all about it Dknowing all about it 解析：选C。本题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句用一般过去时。,7._，he would have passed the exam. AIf he were to study hard BIf he studied hard CHad he studied hard DShould he study hard 解析：选C。本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should或had，可将if省略,
33、再把were，should或had移到从句句首，使用倒装。,8.If you were older，I_you to go there yesterday. Awill allow Bshould allow Cwould have allowed Dhad allowed 解析：选C。从句表示与现在相反，主句表示与过去相反。,9.If I_more time，I would have gone with him. Ahad Bhad had Chave had Dwould have 解析：选B。从句表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时态。,10.Without electricity，human life _ quite different today. Ais Bwill be Cwould have been Dwould be 解析：选D。without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D项。,温馨提示 请做课时作业 Unit 3 Section ,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,
