1、 W:v( S) 2005 M11Journal of Qiqihar University(Phi认知;结构隐喻;方位隐喻;本体隐喻;管道隐喻K 1 美国语言学家George Lakoff认为概念隐喻不仅存在于人类的语言之中,而且也存在于人类的思维和行动之中;它不是语言的表面现象,而是一种深层的认知机制。概念隐喻主要分为四类:结构隐喻、方位隐喻、本体隐喻、管道隐喻。大量的英汉日常表达式说明,概念隐喻支配着一词多义现象或不同意义之间关联的原则是由具体到抽象的隐喻性映射;另外,概念隐喻还可以帮助学生深刻理解许多常规性习语的意义。ms | H315 DS M A cI| 1008-2638(200
2、5)06-0102-03The categories of conceptual metaphors and its cognitive force in language teachingWU Li(School of Western Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China)Key words:conceptual metaphors;cognition;structural metaphors;orientational metaphors;ontological metaphors;con-duit metaphors
3、Abstract:The American Linguist George Lakoff claims that conceptual metaphors exist not only in human language, butalso in human thought and actions;they arenot a superficial phenomenon, but a cognitivemechanism of a higher level.Concep-tual metaphors fall into fourcategories-structural metaphors, o
4、rientational metaphors, ontological metaphors and conduit meta-phors.A large number of everyday expressions in both English and Chinese language illustrate that conceptual metaphors ac-count for polysemy and interrelation of several shades of meaning with a metaphorical mapping from concrete to abst
5、ract;theyalso play a constructive role in comprehending many conventional idioms.1.SEGeorge LakoffMark Johnson 1980 M 3i , 7B C?。 | M4 6B,P VN J.d , T S 5。Lakoff , V C,7 B , Fy , W , P、“d,V7 v 3 。 Lakoff?C, Q 3 G , i ,7 O9i ; Q WAE Vl4 QV ,Bl Q V$ 6Bl Q 。2. Q s 2.1 结构隐喻(structural metaphors) B Q y 6
6、B Q, P QM;| B QZ 6B Q。 , Q Life is a journey( 3 jo) V8C/ Vr T:(1)Our partnership didn t last.In the end we agreed togo our separate ways.(2)Hard work, long hours, and lots of worry.Whenyou are trying to build up a business, I m afraid there s noshort cut to success.(3)There is no prospect of promoti
7、on.I m in a dead-end job.(4)I can t make up my mind.It s either stay where Iam or apply for a job abroad.I seem to be at acrossroads inmy present job.(5) 3 jo 7。(6)l5w。2.2 方位隐喻(oriental metaphors)Z v bWZ7yB“ Q 。bWZ v1 MT, 3iK Q。 : -/, -, - 0。 |t 8 Qg f、 sad is down( y ; /) V8C/ Vr T:(1)You rein high
8、 spirits.(2)Thinking about her always gives me a lift.(3)I m depressed.(4)He s really low these days.(5) fz i b 9 % 。(6) An o , fB/0h ,( 。2.3 本体隐喻(ontological metaphors) K 3iZ T , 8| QVr L84 $,N7 3 6B q , $ c | !2.4 管道隐喻(conduit metaphors)5 SEMichael Reddy n54。YV4v Y L?C, V1 , =5v70%Vr T 。 , v/ Ty:I
9、deas or meanings are objects( Xil 8)Linguistic expressions are containers(Vr T )Communication is sending(= .V)8 , | X(8)b M( ), (“ 5). s, s| X(8)VM( )4 | 。 ,5 V8C/ Vr T:(1)Wheneveryou have agood idea, practice capturing itin words.(2)Never load a sentence with morethoughts than it canhold.(3)Try to
10、get your thoughts across better.(4)You still haven t given me any idea of what youmean.(5) B B c“frS。(6)33 1i“T S e f。3. Q B C ?Z。l; P9 B H, D j ?E?Z。NM1, Y9 , V , ,+Y = N。3.1 概念隐喻理论对词汇教学的支持 ,BMil M sickness and death are down(r B 3 ;h /)8C/ Vr T:(1)He fell ill.(2)His health is declining.(3)Jesus ro
11、se from thedead.(4)He s at the peak of health.(5)1V| , V fvv / 。 , Q Enthusiasm is fire8C/ Vr T:(1)Don t be a wet blanket.(2)Her enthusiasm was ignited by the new teacher.(3)Thespeaker fanned the flames of thecrowd s enthu-siasm.(4)h ,Y !(5) =+ Q= f。4. 103 6 Q s # Lakoff Q s。7 = 4。 7P B5 ,1X s ,? T, !9T,A ?+ M 。B、 7# e “ -SE 3 7 , ?#o“, ZL |,o 2, H9 VC 。104 W:v( S)
