1、水的离子积练习题（The ionic product practice of water）The ionization of water and the ion product of water1. The ionization and ionization equilibrium of water: water is an electrolyte that can ionize, generate and ion weakly, and the ionization equation is,The abbreviation is:; H alpha three alpha two alpha
2、 fourC. Alpha 4 = alpha 2 alpha 3 alpha 1 D alpha 1 alpha alpha 3 alpha 2 = alpha 46. The following statements are correctA. at 100 C, the pure water pH = 6, show neuterThe dilute acetic acid of B.p H = 5, and 100 times the diluted water, the pH of the solution is 7C. 0.3 mol/L and 0.1 mol/L of 2 ac
3、etic acid solution H + ion concentration ratio of 3:1D. In Na3PO4 solution (Na +) : (PO43 -) = 3:17. After adding the volume of distilled water to a certain volume of 0.1mol/liter of acetic acid, the following statement is correctA. The pH of the solution decreases. B. The ionization of acetic acid
4、increasesC. The conductivity of the solution decreases D. The volume of the 0.1 m/l NaOH solution required for this solution is increased8. The following solution, which must be neutral, is pOH = -lgc (OH -)A. A solution formed when the concentration of an isonic acid with sodium hydroxide is formed
5、The biggest (H +) = 1 x 10-7 mol? L-1 solutionC.p H = 14 - pOH solutionD.p H = pOH solutionB. improve training9. The pH = 5 hydrochloric acid and pH = 9 NaOH solution with a volume ratio of 11:9 mixed with the pH of the mixtureA. 7.2 b. 8 c. 6 d. unable to calculate10. At room temperature, if 0.1 mo
6、l/L is 1%, the following statement is correct ()A. The pH of this solution is 11B. The pH of this solution is 3C. After adding 0.1 mol/L HCl, the solution pH is 7D. Add 0.1 mol/L HCl, and the solution pH 7PH = 11.25 C, a strong acid solution, a volume of V1; The strong base solution pH is equal to b
7、,The volume is V2; A plus b is equal to 12, the acid base solutionWhen the pH is equal to 7, the relationship between V1 and V2 is ().Dr. 1 = 102 v2 B.V 2 = 102 v1 c. 1 = 2 v2 v1 D.V 2 = 212. When water is diluted 0.1 mo/liter of ammonia, the solution decreases with the increase of water contentA. B
8、.The product of c (H +) and c (OH -)13. At room temperature, in the two solutions of NaOH and CH3COONa with pH value of 9, the concentration of OH - ion produced by water and electricity is respectively A and B/l/l, then the relationship between A and B is respectivelyA.A B B.A = 10-4 B = 10-4 A D.
9、A = B14. In the following statements, it is shown that hydrochloric acid is more acidic than acetic acidA. Dilute the pH = 4 with hydrochloric acid and acetic acid into A solution of pH = 5B. both hydrochloric acid and acetic acid can be prepared by corresponding sodium salt and acid reactionC. The
10、pH value of acetic acid and acetic acid in the same pH value have been addedD. The initial velocity of hydrogen is equivalent to that of zinc in the same pHC. ability training15, 25 , if the volume of Va, pH = one yuan a strong acid and the volume of Vb, pH = b one yuan mixed alkali, neutralization,
11、 and known Va Vb and a = 0.5 b, please fill in the following blank;(1) have a value equal to 3 (fill “yes“ or “no“) _, its reason is _2 have a value equal to five (fill “yes“ or “no“) _, its reason is _The range of what is said is that.16. Known to 25 at 0.1 mol? L-1 acetic acid solution has a pH of
12、 about 3. Add a small amount of sodium acetate crystal to it, and when the crystal is dissolved, the pH of the solution will increase. There are two different explanations for the above phenomena: a classmate thinks that the hydrolysis of sodium acetate is alkaline, which increases the c (OH -), thu
13、s the pH of the solution increases. It is believed that sodium acetate is dissolved in hydroelectricity and a large number of acetic acid ions, which inhibits the ionization of acetic acid, so that c (H +) decreases, so the pH of the solution increases. You think the two explanations are correct. (“
14、 a “or“ b “)(1) to verify which of the above explanations are correct, continue the following experiment: to 0.1 mol? A small amount of the following substance is added to the acetic acid solution of l-1, and then the pH of the solution is determined.A. Solid CH3COOK B. Solid CH3COONH4C. Gas NH3 D.
15、Solid NaHCO3(2) if the interpretation of “a“ or “b“ is correct, the pH of the solution shall (fill in “increase“, “decrease“ or “change“). (when known: 25 , 0.1 mol? L - 1 ammonia ionization degree of 1.3%, 0.1 mol? L - 1 ionization degree of 1.3% acetic acid)17. Acid rain is mainly caused by the re
16、lease of SO2 when burning sulphur fuels. Take a sample of rain water and determine its pH at regular intervals. The results are shown in the attached table:Schedule: the pH value of rainwater samples over timeTest time (h) 0, 1, 2, 4, 8Rainfall sample pH value of 4.73 4.62 4.56 4.55 4.55The reasons
17、for the decrease of pH value of rainwater sample are suggested:It is.D. Olympic18. The first step ionization of sulfuric acid (H2SO4 = H + + HSO4 -) is complete, but the second step ionization hso4-h + + so2-4 is not complete. If 25 , 0? 1 mol? L-1 H2SO4 solution c (SO2-4) = 0.010 mol? L minus 1, 0,
18、 right? 1 mol? L - 1In the NaHSO4 solution c (so2-4) = 0.029 mol? L - 1:(1) at 25 , 0? 1 mol? L-1 H2SO4 solution pH =; (logarithmic representation)Why 2 0? 1 mol? L minus one H2SO4 solution c (so2-4) is less than 0, right? 1 mol? L-1 of the NaHSO4 solution medium?(3) 0.1 mol? The pH value of l-1 Na2
19、SO4 solution is 7 (the fill is greater than or equal to).(4) solid NaHSO4 heat to 600 , with solid salt mixture can be HCl gas? Why is that?Does the temperature measure 0.25 mol at room temperature? So the pH of the l-1s CuSO4 solution is 5, 0, right? 25 mol? L-1 Cu (ClO4) 2 solution has a pH of 4?
20、5, the reason is.The waters ionization and the pH of the solution in the second periodproblem analysis1. resolution acid and alkali solution at room temperature for each dilution to 10 times the size of the original, concentration to 1/10 of the PH value to 7 near 1 unit (if diluted to 2 times the s
21、ize of the original, it close to 0.3 units, some surface is neutral, but can be approximately regarded as dilution also meet), but, if the dilution ratio is too big, can only be infinitely close to 7, but not over 7, can appear otherwise acid diluted into base (or diluted alkali into acid) absurd re
22、sults. The root cause of this result is to ignore the water ionization in the waterC (H +) is also 10-7.answer (1) 2, 3, 1 + n, or 7 (when n is greater than 6)(2) 11, 10, 12-n or 7 (when n is greater than 5) (3) 12.72. The situation of the problem is transformed into a non-ideal situation, which mai
23、nly examines the ability of candidates to be flexible. inAt this temperature, kw = H +? OH - = 2.0 x 10-7 x 2.0 x 10-7 = 4.0 x 10-14. The water in a solution is ionized by water H + = 4.0 x 10-13 mol/L, and the solution may be acidic or alkaline. If acidic solution, H + = 4.0 * 10-14/4.0 * 10-13 = 1
24、.0 * 10-1 mol/L. So the pH of the solution is equal to -lg H + = -lg (1 x 10-1) = 1; If the alkaline solution, the pH value of the solution is equal to -lg H + = -lg4.0 * 10-13 = 13 - lg4 = 12.4. So the pH of the solution might be 1 or 12.4.1 or 12.41. C 2. Dfor training1. CD 2. D 3. CD 4. B 5. C 6.
25、 A 715. (1) no; Because b = 2a = 6 cant be alkaline(2) no; Because b = 2a = 10, c (OH -) = 10-4, and c (H +) = 10-5 in the acid solution, the Va cant be greater than Vb (3) 3.5 a is less than 14/316. B, (1) B, (2) increases17. Part of SO2 dissolved in the rain started the oxidized into sulfuric acid
26、, part still exist in sulfite, after the rain fall in the process of full contact with air, weak acid, also by the oxidation of acid, sulfuric acid sulfite, so the PH is smaller.18. (1) - lg 0.11The first - level ionization of H2SO4 inhibits the ionization of HSO4 -(3) is greater than(4). Because th
27、e hydrogen chloride that is produced can be kept out of the reaction system5 in the two substances, Cu2 + acidic hydrolysis can make the solution, and in CuSO4 solution, SO part of hydrolysis can produce OH -, SO that the Cu2 + part of the acid hydrolysis has been offset by hydrolysis and ClO will not occur
