1、环境工程专业英语 专业词汇学习汇编UNIT 1 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）arsenic/砷化物 1 2 brownfield/棕地（注：请注意此概念的含义）carbon dioxide/二氧化碳 3 4 chlorine/氯（气）chlorofluorocarbon/氟氯烃 5 6 contamination/污染Clean Air Act/清洁空气条例 7 8 drinking water/饮用水ecological risk/生态风险 9 10 ecosystem/生态系统emission/排放（物） 11 12 endocrine disruption compound
2、/ 内分泌干扰素energy-efficiency standard/能效标准 13 14 environment/环境environmental engineering/环境工程 15 16 environmental threat/环境危害exhaust emission control/尾气控制 17 18 geochemistry/地球化学greenhouse gas, GHG/温室气体 19 20 ground water/地下水habitat/栖息地、居留处 21 22 landfill leachate/垃圾填埋场 渗滤液impact/影响 23 24 life-cycle as
3、sessment/生命周期评价mercury/汞 25 26 monitoring/监测MTBE/甲基叔丁基醚 27 28 ozone/臭氧pathogen/致病菌（体） 29 30 PolyChlorinated Biphenyl(PCB)/聚氯联苯pharmaceutical/医药的，制药的 31 32 pollutant/污染物power plant/（发）电厂 33 34 recalcitrant/难降解的stratosphere/平流层、同温层 35 36 surface water/地表水sustainability/可持续性 37 38 tetraethyl lead/四乙基铅U
4、NIT 2 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental engineer/环境工程师 1 2 renewable/可更新的wastewater/废水、污水 3 4 organic matter/有机物water/水（体） 5 6 adsorption/吸附chronic exposure/长期（慢性）暴露 7 8ecology/生态学 9 10 micropollutant/微污染物membrane technology/膜技术 11 12 nano-particle/pollution/污染 13 14 air quality/空气质量volatility/挥发（性
5、、度） 15 16 chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) /氟氯氢hydrofluorocarbon/氢氟烃 17 18 nanotechnology/ozone/臭氧 19 20 runoff/（雨水）径流stratosphere/平流层、同温层 21 22 pesticide/农药、杀虫剂atmosphere/大气 23 24 evapotranspiration/蒸腾refractory/难处理的 25 26 biological/生物的global warming/全球变暖 27 28 membrane/膜、隔膜biodegradability/生物可降解性 29 30 i
6、ndustrial wastewater/工业废水biotic/生物的、生命的 31 32 municipal wastewater/城市污水abiotic/无生命的、非生物的 33 34 advanced treatment/高级处理degradation/降解、恶化 35 36 synthesis/合成、综合redox/氧化还原电位 37 38 microorganism/微生物reuse/回用 39 40 recycle/再循环、回收infrastructure/基础设施 41 42 criterion, criteria/标准、指标UNIT 3 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇
7、）greenhouse effect/温室效应 1 2 Kyoto Protocol/京都协议atmosphere/大气 3 4 sulphur/硫（磺）carbon dioxide/二氧化碳 5 6 precipitation/沉淀、沉降、降雨fossil fuel/矿物染料 7 8 air pollution/空气污染nitrous oxide/一氧化二氮 （笑气 ） 9 10 GHG emission/温室气体排放halocarbon/卤烃 11 12 volatile organic/挥发性有机物ozone/臭氧 13 14 carbon monoxide/一氧化碳（ CO）green
8、house gas(GHG)/温室气体 15 16 precursor/前体物、母体物thermal radiation/热辐射 17 18 troposphere/对流层infrared radiation/红外辐射 19 20 volatile/挥发的、挥发性的automobile exhaust fume/汽车尾气 21 22 aerosol/气溶胶acid rain/酸雨 23 24 methane/甲烷（气）UNIT 4 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）ecological restoration/生态修复 1 2 ecological integrity/生物完整性ren
9、ewal/更新 3 4 endangered species/频危物种pilot/（中试规模）试验的 5 6 biological resource/生物资源hydrology/水文学 7 8 mitigation/缓解、减轻in situ/ 原位、就地 9 10 topography/地形、地貌ex situ/ 易地、异地 11 12 demographic growth/人口增长landscape/景观 13 14 ecosystem management/生态系统管理UNIT 5 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental security/环境安全 1 2 q
10、ualitative/定性的tributary/支流（的） 、辅助的 3 4 quantitative/定量的sustainable development/可持续发展 5 6 deforestation/森林砍伐climate change/气候变化 7 8 fresh water/淡水water supply/供水 9 10 irrigation/灌溉degradation/恶化 11 12 domestic wastewater/生活污水desalination/脱盐 13 14 world health organization (WHO)/世界卫生组织combustion/燃烧 15
11、 16 water quality/水质hydrocarbon/烃类 17 18 pollutant loading/污染物负荷perturbation/扰动、干扰 19 20 life cycle/生命周期recalcitrant/难处理的 21 22 water footprint/水足迹risk assessment/风险评价 23 24 ecological footprint/生态足迹urbanization/城市化 25 26 shortage/短缺deterioration/恶化 27 28 nitrogen/氮nutrient/营养物 29 30 eutrophication/
12、富营养化saltwater intrusion/海水入侵 31 32 aquatic ecosystem/水生态系统water scarcity/水短缺 33 34 nitrogen loading/氮负荷impact/影响 35 36 toxicology/毒理学wetland/湿地 37 38 Bio-monitoring/生物监测constructed wetland/人工湿地 39 40 metabolize/代谢contaminant/污染物 41 42 metabolic/代谢的UNIT 6 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental modeling/环
13、境模拟 1 2 pentachlorophenol（PCP）/五氯酚chemical exposure concentration/化学品暴露浓度 3 4 biodegradation/生物降解aquatic chemistry/水化学 5 6 reaeration/复氧water quality criteria/水质标准（指标） 7 8 discharge/排放water quality standard/水质标准 9 10 oxygen sag curve（OSC ）/氧垂曲线ammonia/氨 11 12 downward/下游、下方向cadmium/镉 13 14 aquatic o
14、rganism/水生生物chromium/铬 15 16 dissolved oxygen(do)/溶解氧cyanide/氰化物 17 18 rate constant/速率常数acute threshold concentration/急性阈值浓度 19 20 kinetic/动力（学）的UNIT 7 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）environmental impact assessment(EIA)/环境影响评价 1 2 baseline evaluation/本底评价environmental component/环境要素 3 4 environmental manager
15、/环保经理mitigation measure/减缓措施 5 6 monitoring/监测component assessment/要素评价 7 8 baseline survey/本底调查baseline material/本底材料 9 10 compliance monitoring/跟踪监测baseline information/本底资料 11 12 risk assessment/风险评价impact prediction/影响预测 13 14 risk management/风险管理environmental assessment statement(EAS)/环境影响报告书 1
16、5 16 hazard identification/风险识别cumulative impact/累积影响 17 18 dose-response assessment/剂量响应评价environmental risk assessment(era)/环境风险评价 19 20 exposure population/暴露人群synergistic effect/协同效应 21 22 zero discharge/零排放extrapolated data/外延（类推）数据 23 24 self-purification/自净environmental management/环境管理 25 26
17、emission standard/排放标准ozone layer/臭氧层 27 28 final disposal/最终处置eco-technology/生态技术 29 30 environmental legislation/环境立法cleaner technology/清洁技术 31 32 environmental auditing/环境审计life-cycle analysis/生命周期分析 33 34 byproduct/副产物hydrosphere/水圈 35 36 lithosphere/岩石圈hydrodynamics/水动力学、流体力学 37 38 ecological e
18、ngineering/生物工程energy crisis/能源危机 39 40 decompose/分解deteriorate/（使）恶化 41 42 pollution abatement/污染削减UNIT 10 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）natural resource/自然资源 1 2 uranium/铀resource economics/资源经济学 3 4 phosphate/磷potential detrimental/潜在危害 5 6 recyclable/再循环life-support system/生命支持系统 7 8 environmental econom
19、ics/环境经济学renewable resource/可更新资源 9 10 environmental regulation/环境法规critical threshold/临界阈值 11 12 intergenerational fairness/代际公平regenerative capacity/再生能力（容量） 13 14 species extinction/物种灭绝hydraulic circulation/水力循环 15 16 scarcity/稀缺、不足、匮乏iron/铁 17 18 unduly/过度地、不适当地aluminum/铝 19 20 leaded gasoline/
20、含铅汽油copper/铜 21 22 EPA/环境保护局sulfur dioxide/二氧化硫 23 24 cost-effectiveness/成本-效益coal-burning plant/燃煤电厂 25 26 offset policy/补偿政策emission reduction/减排 27 28 environmental program/环境规划energy-intensive/能源密集型的 29 30 environmental tax/环境税UNIT 11 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）analytical chemistry/分析化学 1 2 biological
21、 monitoring/生物监测human environment/人类环境 3 4 physic-chemical principle/物化原理greenhouse effect/温室效应 5 6 qualitative analysis/定性分析chemical structure/化学结构 7 8 quantitative analysis/定量分析organic compound/有机物 9 10 molecular structure/分子结构physiological effect/生理效应 11 12 analyte/分析物lipid solubility/脂溶性 13 14 r
22、emote sensing/遥感precipitation/沉淀、沉降、沉积 15 16 titration/滴定distillation/蒸馏 17 18 sample collection/采样validation/验证 19 20 lipid/脂electromagnetic radiation/ 21 22 matrix/基质spectrometric/光谱分析 23 24 stoichometric/化学计量的mass spectrometric/质谱分析 25 26 gas chromatography(GC)/气相色谱chemical oxygen demand(cod)/化学需
23、氧量 27 28 lignin/木（质）素ammonia nitrogen/氨氮 29 30 ultimate BOD(BODu)/最终生化需氧量biological assimilability/可生物同化性 31 32 polluted water/受污水体BOD(biological oxygen demand)/生化需氧量 33 34 potassium permanganate/高锰酸钾wood-pulping waste/木浆废液（水） 35 36 5-day BOD(BOD5)/5 日生化需氧量potassium iodate/碘化钾 37 38 potassium dichro
24、mate/重铬酸钾catalyst/催化剂、促进因素 39 40 pyridine/吡啶、氮杂苯aromatic hydrocarbon/芳烃 41 42 organic nitrogen/有机氮reduced state/还原态 43 44 equivalent weight/当量reducing agent/还原剂 45 46 ferrous ion/亚铁离子oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)/氧化还原电位 47 48 hazardous waste/危险废物sulfuric acid/硫酸 49 50 nitrate/硝酸盐glucose/葡萄糖 51
25、52 nitrite/亚硝酸盐sulfide/硫化物 53 54 zeolite/沸石flame ionization detector(fid)/火焰离子检测器 55 56 absorption/吸收hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢 57 58 triethanolamine/三乙醇胺benzene/苯 59 60 FICKs law/菲克定律formaldehyde/甲醛 61 62 diffusion rate/扩散速率azo dye/偶氮染料 63 64 volatile organic compound(VOC)/挥发性有机化合物thermal desorption/热脱
26、附 65 66 stainless steel/不锈钢1. analytical chemistry 分析化学 2. biological assimilability 可生物同化性3. human environment 人类环境 4. BOD(biological oxygen demand) 生化需氧量5. greenhouse effect 温室效应 6. wood-pulping waste 木浆废液（水）7. chemical structure 化学结构 8. potassium iodate 碘化钾9. organic compound 有机物 10. catalyst 催化剂
27、11. physiological effect 生理效应 12. aromatic hydrocarbon 芳烃13. lipid solubility 脂溶性 14. reduced state 还原态15. precipitation 沉淀、沉降 16. reducing agent 还原剂17. distillation 蒸馏 18. oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) 氧化还原电位19. validation 验证 20. sulfuric acid 硫酸21. electromagnetic radiation 电磁幅射 22. glucose 葡
28、萄糖23. spectrometric 光谱分析 24. sulfide 硫化物25. mass spectrometric 质谱分析 26. hazardous waste 危险废物27. chemical oxygen demand(cod) 化学需氧量 28. Complexation 络合，配位（作用）29. biological monitoring 生物监测 30. ultimate BOD(BODu) 最终生化需氧量31. physic-chemical principle 物化原理 32. polluted water 受污水体33. qualitative analysis
29、定性分析 34. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾35. quantitative analysis 定量分析 36. 5-day BOD(BOD5) 5 日生化需氧量37. molecular structure 分子结构 38. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾39. analyte 分析物 40. pyridine 吡啶、氮杂苯41. remote sensing 遥感 42. organic nitrogen 有机氮43. titration 滴定 44. equivalent weight 当量45. sample collection 采样
30、46. ferrous ion 亚铁离子47. lipid 脂 48. volatile organic compound (VOC) 挥发性有机化合物49. matrix 基质 50. nitrate 硝酸盐51. stoichometric 化学计量的 52. nitrite 亚硝酸盐53. gas chromatography(GC) 气相色谱 54. absorption 吸收55. lignin 木（质）素 56. reflux 回流57. ammonia nitrogen 氨氮 58. dilution 稀释UNIT 12 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）receivin
31、g water/受纳水体 1 2 primary treatment/一级处理local regulation/地方法规 3 4 secondary treatment/二级处理unit operation/单元运行 5 6 advanced treatment/高级处理unit process/单元过程 7 8 tertiary treatment/深度处理preliminary treatment/预处理 9 10 grit chamber/沉砂池suspended solid/悬浮固体 11 12 sedimentation/沉淀、沉降dissolved solid/溶解固体 13 14
32、 conventional secondary treatment/传统二级处理settable matter/可沉降物 15 16 filtration/过滤biodegradable organic matter/可降解有机物 17 18 phosphorus/磷disinfection/消毒 19 20 microscreen/微滤water reuse/水回用 21 22 nutrient removal/营养物去除biological nutrient removal(BNR)/生物脱除磷 23 24nitrification-denitrification/ 硝化-反硝化total
33、 suspended solid(TSS)/总悬浮固体 25 26 biological treatment system/生物处理系统point source/点源 27 28 non-point source/面源turbidity/浊度 29 30 coliform bacteria/大肠杆菌（E.coli）process analysis/工艺分析 31 32 combined sewer/合流制污水管overflow/溢流 33 34 wastewater treatment plant(WTP)/污水处理厂clarification/澄清、沉淀 35 36 membrane bio
34、reactor/膜生物反应器membrane filtration/膜过滤 37 38 ultrafiltration/超滤reverse osmosis/反渗透 39 40 wastewater treatment process/废水处理工艺bioreactor/生物反应器 41 42 coagulation/混凝granular/颗粒（状）的 43 44 colloid, colloidal/胶体（的）hydrophobic/疏水性的 45 46 hydrophilic/亲水性的protein/蛋白质 47 48 repelling force/（排）斥力opposite charge/
35、反电荷 49 50 zeta potential/ 电位double layer/双电层 51 52 van der Waals attractive force/范德华引力colloidal particle/胶体颗粒 53 54 cation; anion/阳离子；阴离子positive charge/正电荷 55 56 microfloc/微絮体neutralize/（使）中和 57 58 flocculation/絮凝alkalinity/碱度 59 60 alum/铝盐coagulant/混凝剂 61 62 coagulant aid/助凝剂rapid mixing(tank)/快混
36、（池） 63 64 destabilization/脱稳（过程）iso-electric point/等电点 65 66 polyelectrolyte/聚电解质aluminum sulfate/硫酸铝 67 68 aluminum hydroxide/氢氧化铝bicarbonate alkalinity/重碳酸盐碱度 69 70 ortho-phosphate/正磷酸盐precipitate/（使）沉淀、沉降 71 72 sludge/污泥dewater, dewatering/（使）脱水 73 74 thickening/浓缩calcium carbonate/碳酸钙 75 76 poly
37、mer/聚合物ferric chloride(fecl3)/三氯化铁 77 78 hydrogen bonding/氢键coagulant dosage/混凝剂投量 79 80 settling tank/沉淀池slow mixing/慢混 81 82 flocculation tank/絮凝池seeding/接种 83 84 domestic wastewater/生活污水biofilm/生物膜 85 86 trace organic constituent/微量有机成分municipal collection system/城市污水收集系统 87 88 aquatic plant/水生植物
38、suspended growth process/悬浮生长工艺/方法 89 90attached growth process/附着生长工艺/方法activated sludge process(ASP)/活性污泥工艺 91 92 activated sludge/活性污泥aeration tank/曝气池 93 94 contact time/接触时间retention time/停留时间 95 96 Sludge Volume Index(SVI)/污泥容积指数mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)/混合液悬浮固体 97 98mixed liquor vol
39、atile suspended solids(MLVSS)/ 混合液悬浮挥发性固体clarifier/澄清池、沉淀池 99 100 biomass/生物量gravity settling/重力沉降 101 102 treated effluent/处理出水suspended solid/悬浮固体 103 104 packing material/填料trickling filter/滴滤池 105 106 blower/风机liquid film/液膜 107 108 liquid/solid separation/固液分离effluent/出水 109 110 waste sludge/剩余
40、污泥UNIT 13 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）cooling water/冷却（用）水 1 2 advanced chemical oxidation/高级化学氧化（处理）process water/工艺（用）水 3 4 electrodialysis/电渗析discharge requirement/排放要求（标准） 5 6 distillation/蒸馏carbon adsorption/碳吸附 7 8 ion exchange/离子交换chemical precipitation/化学沉淀 9 0 treated effluent/处理出水chemical oxidati
41、on/化学氧化 11 12 straining/（机械）过滤、表面过滤protozoan/原生动物 13 14 oocyst/卵囊nitrification/硝化 15 16 filter medium/滤池介质（滤料）pressure differential/压（力）差 17 18 semipermeable membrane/半透膜osmotic pressure/渗透压 19 20 cross-flow filtration/错流过滤concentrate stream/浓液 21 22 membrane fouling/膜污染concentration gradient/浓度梯度 2
42、3 24 feed water/进水phenol/酚 25 26 hydrolysis/水解concentration polarization/浓差极化 27 28 total dissolved solid(TDS)/总溶解固体barium/钡 29 30 chlorination/氯化（处理）backwashing/反冲洗 31 32 chemical cleaning/化学清洗nickel/镍 33 34 permeate/透过液（淡液）thermodynamic/热动力学（的） 35 36 flux/通量fungi/真菌、霉菌 37 38 Advanced Oxidation Pro
43、cess(AOP)/高级氧化（处理）工艺hydroxyl free radical(HO)/羟基自由基 39 40 stripping/吹脱、汽提hydrogen peroxide/过氧化氢（双氧水） 41 42 photolysis/光分解ozonation/臭氧化（处理） 43 44 ultraviolet(UV)/紫外光（线）first-order kinetics/一级动力学 45 46 refractory organic compound/难降解（处理）有机物pilot testing/中试研究 47 48 steroid/类固醇aliphatic/脂肪族（质）的 49 50 tr
44、ichloroethylene/三氯乙烯UNIT 14 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）gaseous pollutant/气态污染物 1 2 dust removal/cyclone/旋风分离器 3 4 water quality management/水质管理electrostatic precipitator/静电沉降器 5 6 scrubber/洗涤器fabric filter/布袋除尘器（滤布过滤） 7 8 coal-burning electric generating plant/燃煤电厂micropore/微孔 9 10 venturi/文丘里管incineratio
45、n/焚烧 11 12 incinerator/焚烧炉dioxin/二噁英 13 14 organic acid/有机酸landfill/填埋（场） 15 16 PM2.5aldehyde/乙醛 17 18 particular matter/颗粒物vehicle exhaust/汽车尾气 19 20 aerosol particle/气溶胶颗粒butyrate/丁酸盐 21 22 pyruvate/丙酮酸盐（酯）phthalate/邻苯二甲酸盐（酯） 23 24 hybrid/混合的UNIT 15 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）off-gas/废气 1 2 crude oil/原油
46、chemisorptions/化学吸附（作用） 3 4 flue gas/烟道气desulfurization/脱硫 5 6 solid waste disposal/固废处置aqueous solution/水溶液 7 8 removal efficiency/去除（效）率combustion chamber/燃烧室 9 10 incineration/焚烧incinerator/焚烧炉 11 12 catalytic combustion/催化燃烧catalyst/催化剂 13 14 citrate/柠檬酸盐gasification/气化 15 16 nitrogen-containing
47、 compound/含氮化合物thermal fixation/热固定（化） 17 18 power generation/发电algae/藻类 19 20 afterburner/二次燃烧dry cleaning/干洗（干法清洗） 21 22 epoxy compound/环氧化合物troposphere/对流层 23 24 stratosphere/平流层、同温层photochemical smog/光化学烟雾 25 26 morning rush hour/早高峰期free radical/自由基 27 28 halogen/卤素（卤化物）biofilter/生物滤池 29 30 bio
48、reactor/生物反应器packed-bed bioreactor/填料床生物反应器 31 32 biotrickling filter/生物滴滤池scavenge/清除、净化 33 34 geothermal/地热的、地温的colony/菌落、菌群 35 36 substrate/基质（底物）compost/堆肥、混合肥料 37 38 debris/碎片、破碎体UNIT 16 Vocabulary（要求掌握的专业词汇）residence time/停留时间 1 2 rule of thumb/工作经验auxiliary fuel/辅助燃料 3 4 ambient temperature/环
49、境温度cement kiln/水泥窑炉 5 6 viscosity/粘滞度atomization/粉化（作用） 7 8 fluidized bed incinerator/流化床焚烧炉ignition temperature/点火温度 9 10 rotary kiln incinerator/转窑焚烧炉multiple-hearth incinerator/多炉膛焚烧炉 11 12 carcinogen/致癌剂fly ash/飞灰 13 14 teratogen/致畸剂herbicide/除草剂 15 16 thyroid/甲状腺environmental law/环境法 17 18 hazardous waste/危险废物rodenticide/灭鼠剂 19 20 reclamation/回收、回用hospital waste/医院废物 21 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)/多环芳烃domestic refuse/生活垃圾 23 24 heavy metal/重金属bioaccumulate/生物积累（富集） 25 26 inhalation/吸入furan/呋喃 27 28 mutagen/诱变剂residue/残留物 29 30 residual chlorine/余氯、残
