1、2012 高考人教版 必修 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 教学案（ 短语梳理及其配套作业） 考 点 探 究互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n&vt. 损伤；伤害harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害be harmful to 对有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。I
2、t does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无) 害处。mean no harm 没有恶意即学即练 1(1)Fruit juice can _ _ _ childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)What he did _ his reputation.他所做的损害了他的名声。beharmfultoharmed(3)He may look fierce, but he _ _ _.他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。(4)The court case will _ _ _ _ my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我
3、的生意。meansnoharmdo seriousharmto2exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活existent adj. 存在的，现存的 existence n. 存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生exist by 靠生存come into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生即学即练 2(1)_ always _ a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力 。(2)They _ _ v
4、ery little food.他们靠极少的食物来生存。(3)That word doesnt _ in English. 英语中没有这个词。Thereexistsexistonexist(4)Fish cant _ _ _ _. 鱼离开水就不能生存。(5)When did the world _ _ _？世界是什么时候开始产生的？exist outofwatercomeintoexistence3puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂 n. 难题；谜puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzz
5、le sth. out 琢磨出 的答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑即学即练 3(1)Its quite _ _ _ us why he did that.他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。(2)This sentence _ me. 这个句子令我困惑。(3)I _ _ how to solve the problem.我不知道怎样解决这个问题。(4)The question is _ to me. 这个问题令我困惑。ap
6、uzzletopuzzleswaspuzzledpuzzling4in ones turn 轮到某人；接着in turn 依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns 轮流；交替take ones turn 轮到某人做了take turns 依次；轮班，轮流on the turn 正在转变，正在变化out of turn 不合时宜地，鲁莽地即学即练 4(1)The girls called out their names _ _.那些女孩儿逐一报出了自己的名字。(2)We make every effort to make more films, and _ _ this creates furt
7、her environmental pollution.我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。inturninturn(3)We kept watch _ _.We _ _ to keep watch.我们轮流守望。byturnstookturns5prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事即学即练 5(1)What can we
8、 do to _ this disease _ _？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？(2)Dont _ others _ for long.不要让别人等太久。prevent/stop/keepfromspreadingkeepwaiting提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from 后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselv
9、es from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。6cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋cheer on 为加油cheer sb. 为某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)即学即练 6(1)_ _！ The news isnt too bad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。(3)The crowd _ their favourite
10、horse _.观众都替他们看好的马加油。Cheerupcheeredcheeredon7break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二战”是 1939 年 9 月爆发的。A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)break down 出故障，抛锚；( 计划等) 失败；( 身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解break
11、 in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)break into 破门而入，突然起来break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束break into pieces 成为碎片即学即练 7 介、副词填空(1)She started to speak, then broke _ while a waitress served us with coffee.(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke _.(3)Her health broke _ under the pressure of work.offupdown(4)Should another world war break _， what would become of human beings?(5)Firemen had to break the door _ to reach the people
