1、【预讲练结】人教版选修八 Unit 1 A land of diversity 总结词汇详解：一.词语辨析 1. means / way / method【解释】means “方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。（单复数相同）way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。短语搭配：做的方法：a way to do sth.a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用这种些方法：in this way / with the method /
2、by this means；用方法，借助：by means of. 无论如何：by all means；一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ：by no means；by the way 顺便问一下； on one s way to在去的路上；in the way 挡住路【练习】用 means，way，method 填空。1). These vegetables can be cooked in different _. 2). Only in this _ can you find out the truth.3). By this _ I get in touch with him.4)
3、. We express our thoughts by _ of words. 5). _ _ _ shall I lend him money! 6). The methods of _ (teach) need _ (improve).Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means 6). teaching; improving / to be improved 2. percent / percentage【解释】percent 表示“百分之”，相当于“”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。percentage 表示“ 百
4、分比；百分率” ，前面不能是具体数字，只能被 high，low 等修饰。【练习】用 percent，percentage 填空。1). I am a hundred _ in agreement with you.2). This company only supply 30 _ of what we need.3). The numbers are small, in _ terms, but significant.4). There used to be a high _ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year.Keys: 1). per
5、cent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentage what percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear【解释】obvious 意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。apparent 意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。evident 意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。clear 意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。【练习】用 obvious，apparent，evident，clear 填空。1). It was an
6、_ mistake for him to have gone alone.2). The situation is _ to everyone.3). It was becoming increasingly _ that he disliked me.4). The applause made it _ that the play was a hit. Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident 4. hire / employ / rent 【解释】 hire 是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“
7、 把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting 等，指人时，有“雇用”、“ 受雇”两种含义。employ 较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请” 之义；也可以解释为“ 忙于，从事” 常用于 be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短语中。 注：要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法： employee (雇工，雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，e
8、mployment (就业，雇用) 。rent 一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV 等。rent 还可作名词，意为“ 租金；租费 ”。【练习】用 hire，employ，rent 填空。1). Our house has been _ by a newly-married couple.2). It s important to _ proper words in writing poem.3). They _ _ in writing when I cam
9、e. 4). They _ out boats by the hour. 5). We _ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired二.词性变化1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择 vi. 进行选举，作出选择election n.选举，推举，当选 elective adj.可任意选择的 n.选修科目2. immigrate vi. 移入 immigration n. 移民入境 immigrant n.移民，侨民3. ra
10、ce n.赛跑；竞争；人种v. 参赛racial adj. 人种的，种族的 racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv. 显然，表面上地5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚 punish vt. 惩罚，处罚【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In America, presidential _ (elect) are held every four years. 2). They deserve to _ (punish) for putting passengers at risk.
11、 3). She had to tidy the classroom as _ (punish) for being late. 4). She was the daughter of Chinese _ (immigrate) to America. 5). There was a sudden increase _ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe. 6). He is a victim of _ (race) discrimination. 7). She turned to face him, her anger _ (apparent) gone.
12、 8). Their motives, as will soon become _ (apparently), are completely selfish. Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants5). immigration 6). racial 7). apparently 8). apparent 三.重点词汇1. majority n. 大多数；大半 major adj. the roads are wet and _ (slip). Keys: 1). let slip 2). slippe
13、d 3). slippery 6. insert vt.插入，嵌入典例He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。重点用法insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1). She inserted an additional paragraph _ an essay.2). Insert your fingers _ the layers and press them apart. Keys: 1). in 2). between 四.重点词组1. liv
14、e on 继续生活或存在 典例 She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了多年。短语归纳 live 短语：live on sth 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生live for sth 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth 经历某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同居 live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth 接受或容忍某现象 live to be. = live to the
15、age of. 活到岁live a. life 过着 的生活练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的 live 短语。1). The lonely old man _ _ charity. 2). Mozart is dead but his music _ _. 3). My grandfather _ _ both world wars. 4). We should work hard and try to _ _ _ our parents expectations.5). The brave girl is learning to _ _ her disability.Keys: 1).
16、 live on 2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with 2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等典例 They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。短语归纳life 短语：bring sb/sth (back) to life 给某人/ 事物的活力；使复活lay down one s life (for sb/sth) 为献身；牺牲生命lead a dog s life 过狗一般的生活
17、（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）make one s way in life 在生活中有所成就take one s (own) life: commit suicide 自杀put an end to one s life: kill oneself 自杀take sb s life: kill sb 取某人性命a/sb s way of life（某人的或某些人的）生活方式a walk of life 行业；职业；阶层to the life 逼真 end one s days/life (in sth)（处於某状况下或在某处）度过余生练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1). He l
18、aid down his life _ the cause of freedom. 2). They interview people from _ _ _ _ (各行各业的人). 3). She adapted easily to the French _ _ _ (生活方式). Keys: 1). for 2). all walks of life 3). way of life 3. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉典例 1). You re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很
19、出色, 要坚持下去!2). I do hope we re not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。短语归纳keep 短语：keep up with sb/sth. 跟上（某人/某事物）；（与某人/ 某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上（形势）keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事物；重复做某事物keep away from（使某人/事物）不靠近某人/ 事物 keep sb back from sb/sth（使某人）与某人 /事物保持距离keep sth. back 阻止某事物keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人
20、不能做某事物keep sth from sb 不将某事告诉某人keep off (sb/sth) 不接近或不接触某人/事物keep sb/sth out (of sth) 不让某人/ 物进入（某处）keep in touch with 保持与某人的联系keep fit 保持健康练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices _ (副词). 2). She likes to keep up _ (介词) the latest fashions. 3). The house is becoming
21、 too expensive for them to _ _ (维修). 4). We should try to _ _(沿袭) our old customs.5). Police warned bystanders to _ _(不靠近) the blazing building.6). I think we ought to _ _ _ _ (不把实情告诉他) until he s better.Keys: 1). up 2). with 3). keep up 4). keep up 5). keep away from 6). keep the truth from him 4.t
22、eam up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作典例The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。He _ _ _ (与某人一起工作) his brother in the doubles. Keys: teamed up with5. mark out 划线标出界线典例Please mark out the sentences that you don t understand with a red pen. 请用红笔标出你不懂的句子。重点用法be marked with. 标记着练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). I ve lost a case _ _ (标记着) “IX” on its back.
