1、必修 3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars真题在线(2013 湖北高考 ) 请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。We all know that “sticks and stones may break our bones”，but we should also be aware that words can hurt people，too.注意：无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；除诗歌外，文体不限；文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；词数为 120 左右。佳作欣赏My deskmate admires my fluent English
2、very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.One day, when we learned the new word “eccentric” in class, we were asked to make a sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is an eccentric boy whose clothes never fit him.” Hearing this, the whole class burst into lau
3、ghter and my deskmates face turned red.After class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadnt been helped by others.My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.We sh
4、ould avoid hurting others if we cant always be encouraging when we speak.精彩采撷高级词汇记住下列词汇的用法1encourage v鼓舞；鼓励2volunteer to do sth.主动做某事3burst into laughter 突然大笑；放声大笑4drop out of 退学5avoid doing sth.避免做某事佳句背诵背诵下列句子，并体会与佳作欣赏中相对应句子的差异My deskmate admires my fluent English so much that I usually feel encour
5、aged by his compliments.After class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school without help from others.It was not until then that I realized words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.(对应学生用书第 87 页)单词速览1.system n. 系统；体系；制度2theory n. 学说；理论3atmospher
6、e n. 大气层；气氛4fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的5crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落6pull n& vt. 拉( 力 )；拖；牵引力7float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物8harmful adj. 有害的9gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的10gravity n. 万有引力；重力11climate n. 气候12violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n. 暴力violently adv. 暴力地；猛烈地13unlike prep. 不同； 不像like vt. 喜欢prep. 相像likely adj.
7、 可能的14puzzle n. 谜；难题vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；使为难puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑的15exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在；生存【看单词，学构词】在 13.unlike 一词中，un为前缀，常加在形容词、副词、分词、动词和名词之前。一者表示否定意义，二者可以表示相反的动作。课标词汇中含有该前缀的还有：unable，unbearable，unbelievable ，uncertain，uncomfortable，unconditional，unconscious，uncover，uneasy ，unemplo
8、yed，unexpected，unfair，unfit，unfortunate，unhappy，unhealthy，unknown，unlikely，unnecessary，unusual，unwilling等。短语快译1in_time 及时；终于2give_birth_to 生产；分娩3in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着4prevent.from 阻止；制止5block_out 挡住( 光线 )6cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋7break _out 突发；爆发8watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防句式构建1make itadj./n. to do sth.This p
9、roduced a chain reaction，which made_it_possible for life to_develop这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。2倍数表达法But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。3now that 既然，由于“Oh，dear， ”I cried， “walking does need a b
10、it of practice now_that gravity has changed.”“天哪， ”我大声说， “重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。 ”4whether.or not 是否The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether_the_shape_would_last_or_not地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。(对应学生用书第 88 页)1exist vi.存在，生存(教材 P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for
11、more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists/existed.某地有；存在(2)existence n存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。They cant exist_on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。The or
12、ganization came_into_existence in 1980.这一机构成立于 1980 年。2puzzle n谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材 P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth.out 琢磨出的答案(2)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj
13、.令人迷惑不解的 (朗文 P1601)Ive been sitting here puzzling about what to do.我一直坐在这里苦苦思索该怎么办。The puzzled look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。3pull n拉力；拖；牵引力 vt.拉；拖(教材 P30)As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to esc
14、ape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pull down 拉下窗帘；拆毁；拆掉pull away(汽车等 )开走pull out 拔出；(列车等)驶出；出站pull in(列车等)驶进；到达车站pull through 康复；渡过难关；(使)摆脱困境(朗文 P1586)Matt jumped onto the bus just as it was pulling away.车正要开走时，马特跳了上去。They are pulling down those houses to make room
15、for a new hotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。The police car signalled to us to pull_in警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。4mass n团，块；质量mass 常见用法有：in the mass 从整体上看，大体而论；a mass of( masses of)大量；许多We should view the problem in the mass.我们应该就整体的观点来看这个问题。They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.他们已开始积累大量的资料。1in time 及时；迟早
16、；终于(教材 P25)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。【一词多义】写出下列句子中 in time 的含义Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.及时Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.迟早Working
17、 hard made him successful in time.终于on time 准时；按时 in no time 立即；马上at a time 一次；每次 at one time 曾经；一度at times 有时(朗文 P2104)Brian usually gets home in time to bath the children.布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。Luckily，I quickly adapted and everything was back in no time.所幸我很快就适应了，不久一切都走上了正轨。Remember that we all climb
18、the ladder of success one step at_a_time记住我们所有人在攀登成功阶梯的时候每次只能攀登一步。2in ones turn 轮到某人；接着(教材 P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事(朗文 P2162)I think its our turn to
19、 drive the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。Mary and Jane drove the car by_turns玛丽与简轮流开车。3cheer up(使)高兴；( 使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋(教材 P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着
20、(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的 )月球越来越大。cheer sb.up 使某人高兴/ 振奋cheer.on 为加油cheer for.为 欢呼Cheers！干杯！(朗文 P300)Im taking Angie out to cheer her up.我要带安吉到外面转转，让她振作起来。We did our best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.当他将要放弃时我们尽力鼓励他。Lets go and cheer_for our team.让我们去给咱们队加油吧。1(教材 P26)This produced a chain reac
21、tion，which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。句式分析：本句为复合句，which 引导定语从句，定语从句中的 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语 to develop。(1)it 作形式宾语时常用在 find/make/think/consideritadj./ n.to do/that 从句结构中。(2)“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。即：make宾语 名 词 或 形 容 词不 带 to的 不 定 式过 去 分 词介 词 短 语 )(2013湖南高考阅读理解 A)Big sporting
22、 events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room.大型体育赛事，音乐会和展览会使住宿费用上升，找房间更困难。I made it a condition that everybody must be on time.我提出一个条件，人人都要准时。You may find_it_hard to accept your illness.你可能觉得难以相信自己患病。2(教材 P31)But when I tried to step forw
23、ard，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。句式分析：句中 as far as 是一个同级比较结构，twice 表达一种倍数。倍数的表达方式：(1)“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A 比 B 大(长、高、宽等) 多少倍 ”。(2)“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级 asB”，表示“A 是 B 的多少倍”。(3)“A倍数the size/height/length/width，etc.ofB”，表示“
24、A 是 B 大(高、长、宽等) 的多少倍”。(4)“A倍数what 从句”表示“A 是的多少倍” 。(5)“A倍数asmany/muchn.asB”，表示 “A 是 B 的多少倍” 。This table is twice bigger than that one.This table is 3 times as big as that one.This table is 3 times the size of that one.这张桌子是那张的 3 倍大。(朗文 P2104)Sue earns five times as much as I do.苏挣的钱是我的 5 倍。The worlds
25、 population has grown to more_than_six_times_what_it_was_in 1800.目前世界人口与 1800 年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。.单词拼写1What _( 使迷惑不解)me is why they didnt show up.2Do you believe God _(存在)?3A great _(块)of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road.4From these observations we conclude that the moon has littl
26、e or no _(大气层 )5You push and Ill _(拉)【答案】 1.puzzled 2.exists 3.mass 4.atmosphere 5.pull.选词填空cheer up；break out；in ones turn；block out；give birth to；get the hang of；in time1He _ at once when I promised to help him.2They got to the airport by taxi just _ for their flight.3The other day my pet cat _ a
27、new little cat.4When it was _，he was very nervous.5Press the button when the light goes on，and youll soon _ it.【答案】 1.cheered up 2.in time 3.gave birth to4in his turn 5.get the hang of.完成句子1这把尺子是那把尺子的三倍长。This ruler is _ that one.2她居然不想去，我觉得奇怪。I _ strange that she doesnt want to go.3既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。
28、_，lets go for a ride.【答案】 1.three times as long as/three times the length of 2.find it 3.Now(that)the weather is fine(对应学生用书第 91 页)主语从句用适当的连接词填空1The actor said _ hed accept the role in the play depended on the plot of it.【答案】 whether2_ is known to us is that theory is based on practice and in turn s
29、erves practice.【答案】 What3In a modern society full of fierce competitions， _ a person does is not always the same as _ he says.【答案】 what ；what4It makes his life quite different _ he has received higher education abroad.【答案】 that5_ he will come to the part has excited every one of us.【答案】 That6_ the w
30、ork can be completed on time is doubtful.【答案】 Whether7_ will be in charge of the project hasnt been decided yet.【答案】 Who8_ we should go there must be settled.【答案】 How/When话题(十四) 科普知识环境保护【写作素材】提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。1在这条河流的两岸有许多重工厂。_2有些已经对环境造成损害。_3去年，有家工厂曾经发生剧烈的爆炸。_4当地人们都陷入巨大的恐慌中。_5听到已经及时采取措施阻止污染的进一步恶化，他们都感
31、到兴奋。_6有可能明年这些重工厂要搬走。_【连句成篇】 可选用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，as a result，more importantly 等将以上句子连成一篇短文_【参考范文】 There exist many plants along the river，some of which are harmful to the environment.Last year，one of them exploded violently；as a result，the local people got into a great panic.Hearing that some measures had been taken in time to prevent the pollution from getting bad to worse, they all cheered up.More
