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类型【预讲练结四步教学法】英语人教版必修3:unit 4 astronomy总结.doc

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    1、【预讲练结】人教版必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy 总结词汇详解:1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.在我们的太阳系里八个行星绕太阳运转。The birds were circling around over the lake. 鸟儿在湖面上空绕圈子。The teachers are used to circling the pupils spelling mistakes in red ink. 教师习惯于用红笔圈出学生的拼写错误。They sat in a circle round the fire.他

    2、们围着火坐成一圈。In political circles there is talk of war. 在政治圈里,有人谈论到(会发生)战争2. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. 地球上生命的起源是个使天文学家感兴趣的问题。 the origins of civilization 文明的起源He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。This new theory will certainly interest you.这新理论肯定会引起你的兴趣。I find no in

    3、terest in such things. 我对这些不感兴趣。His two great interests in life are music and painting. 他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。The interests of the individual must be subordinated to the interests of the collective. 个人利益必须服从集体利益。3. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that t

    4、hrew matter in all directions. 但是,一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是:宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。 widely accepted 被广泛地接受、认可 begin with 始于 to begin with 起初Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。To begin with, I couldnt understand every word.起初,我一句也没弄明白。In which direction are you going, north or south? 你准备往哪个方向走?向北还是向南?W

    5、hat direction does this exhibition hall face? 展览馆朝什么方向?【 联想拓展 】 in all directions 四面八方; 各方面 in every direction 向各方面, 向四面八方in the direction of 朝 . 方向4. a cloud of dust 一团尘埃 a cloud of 一大群,一大片My mother drew my uncles attention to a cloud of unusual size and shape .我的妈妈让我的叔叔注意一团形状大小很不规则的云彩。5. What it w

    6、as to become was uncertain, 它会变成什么没有人知道,What it was to become 是一个主语从句,在整个句子中做主语;【 联想拓展 】 be to do 这一结构在本句中表示“ 即将”。be to do 的其他用法: 1)表示命令、义务、职责等,可译作“应该、必须”。长辈要求晚辈做某事常用这一句型。2)表示将来要做的事,或按计划、约定要做的事,这一用法主要用于正规文件中,可译作“打算、将要”。3)表示不可避免将要发生的事,或命中注定的事。I am uncertain what to do. 我确定不了做什么。6. The earth became so

    7、 violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球开始变得激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。a violent wind 暴风 a violent death 横死; 暴死 a violent dislike 极端的厌恶The hot weather lasted until the end of September. 炎热的天气一直持续到九月底。This food will last them 5 days. 这些食物足够他们吃五天。This cloth lasts well. 这种布很耐

    8、穿。7. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石,最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体, explode with anger 勃然大怒, 大发脾气 explode with laugher 哄堂大笑The bomb exploded.炸弹爆炸了。I threw the vase on the floor and it

    9、 exploded into tiny pieces.我把花瓶扔到了地板上,花瓶砰地一声摔个粉碎The children exploded three firecrackers. 孩子们燃放了三个爆竹in time 来得及 ;总有一天,迟早I was just in time for the flight.我刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。I will see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。【 联想拓展 】 in no time 立即,立刻 at any time 在任何时候at one time 曾经,一度at times 有时,偶尔 on time 按时,准时of the time

    10、现在的,当时的I jump into the river in no time.我立即跳入河中。You may use my watch at any time.你可以随时用我的手表。At one time there were not so many cars on the streets.从前街上没有这么多车子。At times I go to the playground to play football.我有时到操场踢足球。The guest reached the hall on time.客人准时到达大厅。I think he is the greatest musician of

    11、 the time.我想他是当代最伟大的音乐家。8. cool down 冷却 ,平静下来A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first. 如果双方都先冷静下来,激烈的争执可以处理得好一些。9. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水会对于生命的发展起关键作用,这一点在当时并不明显。It is obvious that she is very clever.

    12、 很明显,她挺聪明。There are fundamental differences between your religious beliefs and mine. 你我的宗教信仰根本不同.The fundamental cause of his success is hard work他成功的重要原因是努力工作。Fresh air is fundamental to good health. 空气新鲜是身体健康之必需。A fundamental of good behavior is consideration for others.良好行为的一个根本是体谅他人。10. the cont

    13、inued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.水的持续存在使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。Your presence is a gift to the world.你的存在是献给世界的一份厚礼。She was so quiet that her presence was hardly noticed.她一声不响,几乎没有人留意到她在场。Your presence at the meeting is requested. 敬请光

    14、临。【 联想拓展 】 allow sb. sth.同意给某人某物allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事,与 permit 在很多情况下可以通用。其他动词 advise,forbid 也有类似用法。The reading room doesnt allow smoking.阅览室不准吸烟。People are not allowed to spit in public.不许当众吐痰。permit, allow 的不同用法:(1)allow 可以和副词连用,permit 则不能。如:Mary wouldnt allow me in.玛丽不让我

    15、进去。(2)表示客气的请求时,主语是 you 应当用 permit,以表示下级对上级,幼辈对长辈,低层对高层人尊敬的请求。若主语用 I,则应当用 allow 的被动形式。如:May I be allowed to use this knife? =Will you permit me to use this knife?我可以用你的刀子吗?11. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。12. They multiplied and

    16、 filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.它们繁殖起来并使得海洋充满了氧气,这促进了早期贝壳类动物和各种鱼类以后生的长发育。He filled the bucket with water.他把水桶装满水。There have been many new developments in gene.基因方面已经有几项新的发展。Father watched the development of his

    17、baby with interest.爸爸充满兴趣地看着孩子的成长。【 联想拓展 】 with the development of society 随着社会的发展political development 政治动态housing development 住宅区13. were able to live on land as well as in the water. 既能在陆地上生存也能在水里生存。He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既种菜也种花.Im learning French as well as English.我学英语之外还学法语。Ro

    18、se is as well as her brother.罗斯和她哥哥身体一样棒。14. They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。Animals protect their young. 动物保护它们的幼崽。15. existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。exist v.存在;there exist 表示“存在/有” ,此时 exist 不用进行时。 Several people believe the Devil

    19、 exists in the world.少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。There exists warm-hearted person everywhere.好人到处都有。Conference like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.像地球峰会一样的会议有助于人们明白现存在的严重问题,也明白还有时间来采取行动的。there exist 表示“存在/有” ,是 “there be”句型的延伸,类

    20、似的还有 there stand, there lie, there live, there occur。16. give birth to 引起,产生,造成,生His wife give birth to a son for him.他老婆给他生了一个儿子.It is very important that you should I learn to release the stress. Otherwise, it will give birth to a serious psychological question.最重要的是要学会释放压力.否则,就会产生严重的心理问题.17. some

    21、 small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.一些小巧聪明,长着手脚的动物出现了,它们散布在地球各个地方。spread(spread, spread) vt.使伸展,延伸 vi.(消息等)传开,流行Mum spread a new cloth bought in the supermarket on the table when we had dinner.我们吃饭时妈妈在桌子上铺上一条从超市买来的新桌布。He spread out his arms to welco

    22、me us warmly.他张开双臂热情地欢迎我们。The exciting news spread through the school quickly.这激动人心的消息很快传遍了学校。【 联想拓展 】 spread out 传开spread rumors 散布谣言spread like wildfire 像野火一般传开spread oneself 舒展身体spread the table 铺桌子spread the load 分摊(工作量)18. Thus they have, in their turn, became the most important animals on the

    23、planet. 于是,他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。There has been no rain thus, the crops are drying. 天没下雨,因此庄稼要枯死了。She studied hard; thus she got high marks. 她用功读书, 因此获得高分。19. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地

    24、球上的热不能释放到太空中去。The atmosphere here is very clear.这里的空气很纯净。There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, quite different from the atmosphere of a big city.在乡间有一种和平宁静的气氛,和大城市的气氛截然不同。prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人或者某事做某事His words cant prevent us from buying books.他的话不会阻止我们买书。The heavy

    25、rain prevented us going on,but we didnt lose heart.大雨阻止我们前进,但是我们不灰心丧气。另外,与这种结构相似的有 stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.(from 可以省略)和 keep sb./sth. from doing sth.(from 不可以省略)。Lynns parents tried to stop her seeing him.林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。You wont keep the things from happening.你不能阻止事情发生。20. As a result of this,

    26、 many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. 因此,很多科学家们相信地球可能会变得太热而不能在上面生存。As a result of the rain, I was late.雨太大,所以我来晚了。21. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否

    27、得到解决。depend on/upon 意思为“ 依靠,依赖 ”,常用结构是 depend on sb./ sth.,depend on sb. to do sth.。The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.这个国家主要依靠旅游业。The poor man depends his son to earn money.这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。要特别注意 depend on it 常用于句首或句末,意思为“请放心,没问题”;It all depends 和 That depends 意思为“看情况而定”,二者都用于口语中。例如:Depe

    28、nd on it, hell turn up.请放心,他一定会来的。It depends how you tackle the problem.那取决于你如何解决这个问题。22. There used to be nine planets in the solar system.在太阳系了原来有九颗行星。注意 there be 的变形: there seems to be, there must be, there can be, there is going to be, there has/have been 等。23. At the beginning, the earth had no

    29、 water. 起初,地球上没有水。【 联想拓展 】 A good beginning makes a good ending. 谚 欲善其终必先善其始。at the beginning 从一开始; 开始; 起初; 首先 at the beginning of 在.初from beginning to end 从头到尾, 自始自终Everything must have a beginning.谚凡事都有个开头。24. The evidence for this theory is that the atoms that make up the rocks on the moon seem t

    30、o be different from those on the earth. 这个理论的根据是组成月球上岩石的分子似乎与地球的不同。Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.农民只占人口的一小部分.Every one can be different from another. Why must we all be the same?每个人都可以和别人不一样。为什么非要人人都一样?25. Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.虽然它的起源仍然是个谜,但是月球就是地球的一个卫星。Its a puzzle where all my money goes each week. 我每星期的钱都到哪儿去了是一个难解的问题。

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