1、综合微评( 三)满分：120 分 时间：90 分钟第 卷第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B 、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。A“Beauty is only skin deep.”This expression means that beauty is only a temporary surface quality.Some beauty products can cause lasting damage that goes far below the surface of the
2、skin.In America，many people use sunlight and nonnatural light to darken their skin.Health experts advise against what is called“tanning”because of its links to skin cancer.In the African country of Senegal(塞内加尔) ，some women take health risks trying to do just the_opposite.An average beauty supply sh
3、op in Dakar has many kinds of skinlightening creams and soaps.The World Health Organization says that 25% of Senegalese women use skinlightening products on a usual basis.These products can contain chemicals，like mercury(汞)，hydroquinone(对苯二酚)，etc.These are dangerous ingredients that can cause cancer
4、 and possibly other physical damage to the skin.They can actually burn the eyes and skin.Shop worker Adama Diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results.She uses a cream that is made from carrots，not the strong chemical，hydroquinone.She says that it is a person
5、al choice and that no one pressures her.Some women want to be black every day，but for her，she likes to be a shade of brown.Women in Senegal say they lighten their skin for the same reason that women all over the world make changes to their appearance.They say they want to look beautiful，to find a hu
6、sband， to stand out in a crowd or simply to look great for a special event.This thinking troubles Senegalese filmmaker Khardiata Pouye Sall.So，she made“This Color That Bothers Me”，a film about the subject of skin lightening.She said， “I used the most shocking images so that women would see the dange
7、rs.It is hard to understand why a woman says that dark skin is not beautiful.It is in their heads.They want to please a man，to be loved or they want to please society，to succeed.”Ms.Sall says that the government needs to better control the marketing and the sale of skinlightening products.But she ad
8、ds that education is the best way to persuade people against using them.爱美之心人皆有之。本文论述了美容产品给人们健康带来的各种危害。1.The underlined part“the opposite”in Paragraph 2 means some Senegalese women_.A.use sunlight to darken their skinB.try creams to prevent skin cancerC.use products to lighten their skinD.take healt
9、h risks to become beautiful答案：C 解析：考查词义理解。上文提到在美国，许多人利用阳光和非自然光线让皮肤颜色变深。在非洲的塞内加尔，一些妇女冒着健康风险进行与此相反的事情。因此可推断她们使用各种产品美白皮肤，故 C 项正确。2.According to Adama Diagne，women shouldnt believe_.A.beauty is just a personal choiceB.a cream from carrots is healthierC.it is beautiful to be black every dayD.a product ca
10、n make you beautiful quickly答案：D 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 Shop worker Adama Diagne advises her visitors to avoid the stronger products that promise fast results.可知。3.We can infer that women in Senegal_.A.attract attention with shocking imagesB.dont consider dark skin to be beautifulC.find it hard to unders
11、tand the true beautyD.put beauty in the first place in their heads答案：B 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段中的 Women in Senegal say they lighten their skin for the same reasons women all over the world make changes to their appearance.They say they want to look beautiful，.可知。4.What is Salls attitude towards skinlightenin
12、g products？A.Unsupportive. BCasual.C.Responsible. DPositive.答案：A 解析：考查概括总结。根据第六段中的 I used the most shocking images so that women would see the dangers.和第七段中的 Ms Sall says the government needs to better control the marketing and sale of skinlightening products.可知。BGenealogy(家谱)，the study of family hi
13、story，is the second most popular hobby in America today.Millions of Americans spend their free time trying to trace(追溯)their family lines.This interest in family history is not new.In fact，as a country，America showed its first real interest in genealogy in the 1890s.At that time， organizations such
14、as the Daughters of the American Revolution were created to connect people with ancestors who played a part in early American history.But Americas interest in genealogy has grown over the past few decades，largely for two reasons.One of the causes of genealogys most recent growth in popularity might
15、be Alex Haleys book Roots，which follows one mans family through slavery and all the way back to 18th century Africa.In one year，more than one million copies of the book were sold.People not only enjoyed the story of Roots，but also were interested in the idea that one man could learn so much about hi
16、s familys history.The idea that a man living in America in the twentieth century might have a direct link to important moments in history inspired many Americans to do their own genealogical studies.The Internet has also contributed to the great popularity of genealogy today because it is so conveni
17、ent and vast.Before the Internet，people had to go to libraries to find information about their ancestors.But now，with a computer， anyone can access thousands of genealogy websites which contain useful information and resources.Occasionally，genealogists even meet distant members of their own families
18、 and are able to share valuable research with each other.As the second most popular hobby in America，genealogy must be rewarding，but people dont always like what they find.One amateur genealogist was told by her grandfather that one of her ancestors was wounded during the American Civil War.She want
19、ed to find out more about this family hero.But at last she learned that her ancestor actually fell off a wall while relaxing one afternoon and broke his arm，making him unable to join the army at all.本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人喜欢研究家谱的原因。5.People were attracted by Alex Haleys book Roots mainly because_.A.it was
20、 a bestseller at that timeB.it told a story about an American heroC.it encouraged people to do genealogical studiesD.it showed people that they could learn about their ancestors答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 but also were interested in the idea that one man could learn so much about his familys history 可知。6.
21、After the Internet was invented，genealogists can_.A.visit many librariesB.make the study more scientificC.have easy access to useful informationD.meet with their family members easily答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 anyone can access thousands of genealogy websites which contain useful information and resource
22、s 可知，因特网使得他们可以更便捷、更容易地获取所需信息。7.According to the last paragraph，the amateur genealogist_.A.enjoyed what she discoveredB.failed to complete her researchC.was disappointed with her researchD.found that her ancestor was wounded in the Civil War答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的 but people dont always like what they f
23、ind 及 She wanted to find out more about this family hero，通过与下文讲述的她的祖先不是在战场上受伤的事实相比较，可推断她对此应该很失望。8.The main purpose of the text is to_.A.inform BeducateC.entertain Dpersuade答案：A 解析：写作目的题。本文主要介绍了美国人喜欢研究家谱的原因，主要是告诉人们一些信息，故选 A 项。CYouve heard of extreme sports and extreme games，but have you ever heard of
24、 extreme pumpkin carving？Artist Ray Villafane of Arizona made the art form famous with his 3D jackolanterns.In the last six years，hes been invited to carve pumpkins on TV and even for the White House！Because Cleo spends most of her fall weekends selling pumpkins at her familys farm stand，she is a hu
25、ge Villafan.She couldnt wait to interview him！Cleo：What inspired you to carve such wild and crazy pumpkins？Ray Villafane：I guess I always felt a little bit unfulfilled whenever I sat down to carve a pumpkin.In my mid20s，I decided to approach it in a 3D manner.It disappointed meI kept breaking throug
26、h the pumpkin and got so frustrated(挫败的)at last.Several years later， I tried it again using traditional sculpting tools，and it came out a lot better.Throughout the years，the carvings slowly improved.Cleo：How many do you carve in one year？RV：This number varies so much.The longer Ive been carving them
27、， the longer they take me to complete.Instead of getting faster at carving them，I find myself adding more elements(因素) ，which takes more time.I carve average at least three dozen carvings a year， with about only a dozen or so of them turning out nice enough for me to want to photograph.Cleo：Where do
28、 you get the huge pumpkins？RV：Being that I live in Phoenix，I certainly do not get my pumpkins locallythe dry air and harsh(恶劣的)climate dont make large pumpkins.I drive to a couple of farms in California each fall.Cleo：What advice do you have for kids who enjoy sculpting or want to try it？RV：Have fun
29、 with it！Judge your success not by who likes it or how long it took out rather if it was fun.If you pursue(追求)doing something that you find joy in，then you can never fail.本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了 Cleo 对艺术家 Ray Villafane 的一段采访。9.Ray Villafane is an artist who_.A.is a friend of CleoB.makes carvings on pumpkinsC
30、.is well received by AmericansD.was invited to carve pumpkins on TV 6 years ago答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 but have you ever heard of extreme pumpkin carving？Artist Ray Villafane of Arizona made the art form famous with his 3D jackolanterns 可知。10.When carving the 3D pumpkins in his mid20s，Ray Villafane_.A
31、.suffered a total failureB.got help from his friendsC.was satisfied with his workD.used traditional sculpting tools答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 It disappointed meI kept breaking through the pumpkin and got so frustrated at last 可知。11.What do we know about Rays carvings？A.All of the carvings sell well.B.The
32、 carvings cover various subjects.C.Every carving will be photographed.D.Only about one third of the carvings can satisfy him.答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的 I carve average at least three dozen carvings a year，with about only a dozen or so of them turning out nice enough for me to want to photograph 可知。DPasse
33、nger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion pass
34、enger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers)long was se
35、en near Cincinnati.Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain， waited until pigeons had settle
36、d to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks
37、and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen i
38、n the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them， known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.本文介绍了在美国生活的旅鸽从数量巨大
39、、铺天盖地到踪迹难觅、逐渐灭绝的经过。12.In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons_.A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US答案：D 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，据计算，旅鸽数量最多时，有 30 多亿只，相当于美国鸟类总数的24%4
40、0%。到 1870 年，旅鸽的数量已经减少了，但是，有人在Cincinnati 附近看到鸽群的规模为 1 英里宽，320 英里长。由此可见，在 18 至 19 世纪，旅鸽的数量最多。第一段的第二句也是关键信息。13.The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons_.A.escape BruinC.liberation Devolution答案：B 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段的内容可知，旅鸽的数量巨大最终导致它们灭绝。undoing 意为“毁灭” ，与 ruin 同义。14.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons？A.To seek pleasure BTo save other birds.C.To make money. DTo protect crops.答案：C 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段可知，商业猎人用
