1、 Lesson 3： Say It In Three用三行表达课文英汉对照Here is a very old poem. Do you like it?下面是一首很古老的诗歌，你喜欢吗？From all directions八面风吹暖Winds bring petals of cherry携来樱花片片Into the grebe lake.入湖寻不见-Matsuo Basho (1644-1694)松尾马生(1644-1694)This is a Haiku. Haiku is an old form of Japanese poetry. Usually Haiku are about m
2、ature. Often这是一则俳句。俳句是日本的一种古诗体。 通常俳句都是描写大自然的。they are about a particular season. They do not tell a story, as some poems do. A Haiku is just a它们常常是用来描写一个特定的季节。不像有些诗有故事情节。 一则俳句仅是对description of a scene. The Japanese poet said, “Haiku is simply what is happening in this place,一个景物的描写。 日本人曾说过： “俳句仅是即兴而
3、作，有感而发。 ”at this moment.”Haiku follows a pattern. It always has three lines. Each line has a set number of syllables.俳句都遵循固定的格律。俳句通常有三行。 每一行都有固定数量的音节。Whats a syllable? A syllable is a part of a word that you pronounce without interruption. The什么是音节？ 音节是指你在拼读一个单词时没有停顿的一个响亮片断。word “red”, for example,
4、has one syllable. The word “middle” has two syllables: mid-dle. The如单词“red ”有一个音节。 单词“middle“有两个音节：mid-dle。word “syllable” has three syllables: syl-la-ble.而单词“syllable”则有三个音节：syl-la-ble。The first line of a Haiku has five syllables. The middle line has seven syllables. The last line has俳句的第一行有五个音节。 中
5、间一行有七个音节， 而最后一行five syllables again. Lets look at the 5-7-5 pattern of Haiku. Here it is with the syllables clearly 又有五个音节。 让我们看一下俳句的 5-7-5 格律。 下面的表达可以清楚地看出音节。shown.From all di-rec-tions八面风吹暖Winds bring pe-tals of cher-ry携来樱花片片In-to the grebe lake.入湖寻不见Here is another example of Haiku:下面是另一则俳句的例子：Ol
6、d, dark sleepy pool荒郊古池边Quick unexpected frog goes倏忽青蛙跃其间Plop! Water splashes.水花溅一片PROJECT 方案FILL IN THE BLANKS!As a class, think of words that describe things: weight, age, size, temperature, feelings and colour. 全班同学想一些单词来描述下列事物： 重量、 年龄、 温度、 感觉以及颜色。Then, think of words that describe how things mov
7、e. Make lists of these words on the blackboard. 然后，再想一些描写事物动作的单词。 把这些单词列在黑板上。In small groups, choose one of the poems below. Next, ask your groupmates for words to fill in 以小组为单位，从下面的诗歌中选择一首。 接下来，让小组中的伙伴提供单词来填空。the blanks.Some lines are easy! You can only use one type of word. For these blanks, say
8、“I need a _ .”诗歌中有些行很容易！你可以只用一种单词类型。 对于这些空格，说 “我需要_。 ”In some blanks, you can use one type of word or another type of word. For these blanks, say “I 在有些空格中，你会用到单词的一种类型或另一种类型。 对于这些空格， 说need either a _or a _ .”“我需要_或_。 ”Some lines have two blanks. For these lines, say “I need both a _and a _.”有些诗行有两个空
9、格。 对于这些诗行，说， “我需要_和_。On a piece of paper, write down a word for each blank. Read the poem to your group. Fill in the 在纸上为每一个空格写下一个单词。 把诗歌读给小组里的其他成员听，用记blanks with the words on the paper. Do some of the poems sound funny?在纸上的单词填空。 有些诗歌听起来是不是很有意思？Nature Poem大自然诗篇Night, so _and _(feelings and colour),夜
10、晚，如此_和_（感觉和颜色） ，_,_(size and colour) stars,_，_（大小和颜色）星星，A _(temperature) wind blows _(adverb) on my face.一阵_（温度）风_（副词）吹在我的脸上。It makes me want to sing_(adverb) a _, _(feelings and age) song.这使我想唱_（副词）一首_，_（感觉和年岁）的歌。答案：quiet, dark, small, bright, cool, softly, extremely, pleasant, oldLimerick打油诗I once
11、 saw a very _(age or colour) cat,我曾看到一只很_（年龄和颜色）的猫，It was wearing a _(size or feelings) yellow hat.它戴着一顶_（大小和感觉）的黄帽。I jumped really _(adverb),我真地_（副词）跳了起来，And then I said _(adverb), 然后我_（副词）说：“Dont you think you look _ (weight) in that?”难道你认为戴着那顶帽子不_（重量）吗？答案：old, large, happily, loudly, heavyHaiku俳句
12、Snow is very (so)_(colour),雪花是如此_（颜色） ，See me run through it _(adverb with ly at the end),看我_（以 ly 结尾的副词）跑在其间，It makes me feel _(temperature).使我感到_（温度） 。答案：white, happily, warm重点难点详解1. From all directions 八面风吹暖all directions “四面八方” ， direction n. “方向”既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词，常用固定词组 in the direction of “朝方向
13、”He drove in the direction of the farm. 他向农场方向驶去。（1）n. “方面，领域” ，可数名词。This town shows improvement in many directions. 该镇在许多方面都有改进。 （2）n. “指导，指令，管理” ，不可数名词。Our company is under good direction. 我们的公司管理得好。（3）n. “用法，说明” ，常用复数。This is its directions of use. 这就是它的用法说明。经典考例用所给词的正确形式填空1. That old woman got l
14、ost, she cant find the_ (direction) to go home.解答 空前有 the，其后应该接名词，在此是“方向”的意思，就用名词的单数。正确答案是：direction2.My father is looking for the_（direction）of the new machine.解答 由 he new machine 可知是找它的说明，direction 当说明讲时，用它的复数形式.。 正确答案是：directions2. Often they are about a particular season.它们常常是用来描写一个特定的季节。（1）句中 a
15、bout 是介词“关于” ，它表示的内容较普遍，不太正式。也可以表示“关于” ，它表示的内容是严肃的或学术性，是供专门研究用的。This is a book for the middle school students about history stories.这是一本专供中学生阅读的历史故事书。This is a textbook on African history.这是一本关于非洲历史的教科书。（2）particular adj. “独特的；特别的” 。 友情提示special，especial 和 particular 都有“特别的”的意思。但它们的用法却不尽相同。1. specia
16、l 普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。This is a special day in the history of our country. 今天是我国历史上一个特殊的日子。2. especial 和 special 含义很接近，较正式，但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。 She has an especial fondness for mushrooms. 她对蘑菇有特殊的偏好3. particular 侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性。The story happened on that particular day. 故事就发生在那一天。3.They do n
17、ot tell a story, as some poems do.俳句不像有些诗那样有故事情节。（1）tell a story “讲故事” 。tell sb sth “告诉某人某事” ； tell sb （not）to do sth “告诉某人（不）做某事” 。I told him that accident yesterday.昨天我告诉他那个事故了。 The teacher tells us not to talk in class. 老师告诉我们上课不要讲话。辨析speak, talk, say 和 tell1. speak v. “说,讲,演讲” 。做及物动词时，宾语常是表示语言的词
18、。 Do you speak Chinese?你说汉语吗？ Mr. Wu is going to speak at our class meeting.吴老师将在班会上发言。2. talk v. “讲,说话,谈话” ，与 speak 的意义相近。一般用做不及物动词，指一般的谈话或交谈，而不如 speak 正规的“演讲” 、 “发言” ，须跟宾语时，与 to、with、about 等介词连用。Jim is going to talk about English names tomorrow.吉姆明天打算谈谈英国人的名字。Look! Our teacher is talking to(with)t
19、he parents. 瞧！我们的老师正在和家长们谈话。3、say v. “说，讲，背诵” ，注重讲话的内容，指有连贯性的说话，通常用做及物动词。I dont know what he said.我不明白他所说的。Kate saw a card on her table, it said: “Happy birthday!” 凯特看见桌上一张卡片，上面写着：“生日快乐！” 4、tell v. “告诉，说，吩咐” ，指把一件事情传达给别人或讲述一件事情、一个故事等。常用做及物动词。When I was young, my mother often told me a story in the e
20、vening. 在我小时，妈妈晚上常给我讲故事。He will tell the good news to everybody in our class. 他将把这个好消息告诉我们班的每个人。（2）as 在此句意为“和 一样，像一样”。它和 like 都有“像一样”，此时可以通用。但是当 as 用来表示 “作为，担任“的意思时，与介词 like 有区别。She spoke as a lawyer.她作为律师讲话。She spoke like a lawyer.她像律师一样讲话，（她并不是律师）4. Haiku is simply what is happening in this place,
21、 at this moment.俳句仅是即兴而作，有感而发。（1）simply adv. “简单地；仅仅，只是” ，在此句中相当于 only. 它的形容词 simple“简单的，简易的” ，相当于 easy。The doctor did an operation for him simply. 医生给他简单地做了一个手术。This question is very simple/ easy. 这个问题非常简单。（2）at this moment “在这时” ，经常和 at the moment “此刻”互换；at that moment “在那时” ，通常用过去范畴的时态。He had lef
22、t school at that moment. 那时他已经毕业了。I am doing my homework at the/this moment. 此时，我正在做家庭作业。（3）happen v. “发生，碰巧” 。它有如下三种用法。1） 表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事” ，常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。 The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在 2003 年。An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。2） 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)” ，要用“
23、sth.+ happen+ to sb.”这一结构来表达。A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。What happened to you? 你怎么啦？ 3） 表示“某人碰巧做某事” ，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。经典考例选择最佳答案1. What happened _ you the day before yesterd
24、ay?A. for B. to C. at D. about解答 由句意可知是你出什么事了，用“sth.+ happen+to sb. ”这一结构来表达。正确答案是：B2. I ran out of my money and I _meet my father in the supermarket.A. want to B. need to C. happened to D. by mistake解答 由 ran out of my money 可知是过去时态，and 连接的两个句子在时态上应该保持一致。正确答案是：C5. Each line has a set number of sylla
25、bles.每一行都有固定数量的音节。a set number of“固定数量的； 一定数量的” ，其后接名词，可数名词复数和不可数名词均可。There are a set number of students in each class.每个班都有一定数量的学生。Every box has a set number of bread. 每个盒子都有一定数量的面包。（1）a set of “一组，一套，一串” 。There is a set of keys on the desk.桌上有一串钥匙。（2）a number of “许多的，大量的” ， 可以由 large 和 small 修饰，但不
26、能用 big 修饰，of 后应该接可数名词复数，谓语动词也用复数。A large number of students are playing games on the playground. 许多学生正在操场上玩游戏。A small number of boys often break the school rules.少数男生经常违反校规。友情提示The number of “数目”，of 后也应该接可数名词复数，但其后的谓语动词只能用单数。The number of students is 308 in our school. 我们学校有 308 名学生。6. A syllable is
27、 a part of a word that you pronounce without interruption. 音节是指你在拼读一个单词时没有停顿的一个响亮片断。（1）a part of “一部分” ，其后接单数名词，当它所修饰的事物是不可分割的部分时，必须加 a ；如果是可以分割的部分则用 part of，of 后可接可数名词或不可数名词。接可数名词时，可用复数。Tibet is a part of our country. 西藏是我国不可分割的一部分。Part of cities of our country has passed the Olympic torch . 我们国家的部
28、分城市已经传递了奥运火炬。Some parts of the job are difficult to be done . 部分工作很难做。经典考例选择最佳答案1. Doing homework is _ our study?A. a part of B. part of C. a part D. parts of解答 做作业是学习必不可少的环节，所以用 a part of。正确答案是：A2. _my job has been done.A. a part of B. part of C. a part D. parts of解答 由句意可知是部分工作已经完成, 具体工作是可以分开做的,所以用
29、 part of。 正确答案是：B（2）interruption n. “中断，打断” ；interrupt vt.“打断，中断，妨碍” ，指打断正在说话或动作的人。without interruption “不间断地，继续不断地” 。She ran without interruption the whole morning. 整个早晨她都不停地跑。When adults are talking, dont interrupt them. 当成年人说话时，别打断他们。7. Here it is with the syllables clearly shown. 下面的表达可以清楚地看出音节。
30、（1）此句是 here 的倒装句，因为主语是代词，所以谓语放在代词之后，如果主语是名词，谓语则放在主语之前。Here he comes every day. 他每天都来这儿。Here is a girl and her two little birds. 这儿有一个女孩儿和她的两只小鸟。（2）clearly adv.“清楚地，明显地” ，clear adj.“明亮的，清澈的” 。The water in this river is very clear. 这条河里的水很清澈。I couldnt hear what the teacher said clearly. 我听不清老师说的话。8. O
31、ld, dark sleepy pool, Quick unexpected frog goes.荒郊古池边,倏忽青蛙跃其间（1）sleepy adj.“寂静的，冷清的；困乏的” ，想睡但没有睡着。asleep adj.“睡着的，熟睡的”它是表语形容词，在句中作表语或宾主补足语，不能作定语。短语有 fall asleep（睡着）；sleep v. “睡，睡觉” 。That church is very sleepy. 教堂很寂静。After that baby fell asleep, his mother put him in the bed.那个婴儿睡着后，他的妈妈把他放在床上。 We s
32、tudents should go to sleep before 9 oclock.我们学生应该九点前睡觉。 (2)unexpected adj.“出乎意料的，意想不到的” 。1）unexpected 的词根是 expect v. “期待，预期，盼望，指望；认为” 。 I expect you to succeed.我期待你成功。We expect that it will rain today.我们预料今天有雨。2） expect 加后缀-ed，成为其过去式和过去分词形式， expected 同时又转变为形容词，意为“意料中的“表被动。His progress is expected. 他
33、的进步是预料之中的。3）expected 再加前缀 un-， 构成否定意义，unexpected 意为“出乎意料的，意想不到的” 。Yesterday I received an unexpected gift.昨天我收到了一件意想不到的礼物。9. I need either a _or a_. “我需要_或_。 ”eitheror “或者或者 ” ，它可以连接宾语，也可以连接主语，当 either.or连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词一般与它邻近的主语保持一致。如：Either you or he goes to help those old people. 或者你或者他去帮助那些老年人。
34、If it rains tomorrow, I will either watch TV or read books. 如果明天下雨，我或者看电视或者看书。归纳总结用 or， either.or， neither.nor， not only.but also 等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词一般与它邻近的主语保持一致。Either you or your brother goes to get some water. 或者你或者你哥哥去取一些水来。Neither you nor I am on duty. 不是你也不是我值日。10. I need both a _and a_.我需要_和_
35、。bothand “既又，不但而且”，当它连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数，它也可以连接两个并列宾语。Both he and I are playing basketball on the playground. 他和我都在操场上打篮球。My little sister can both sing and dance. 我的小妹妹既会唱歌又会跳舞。经典考例选择最佳答案1. _you_your sister goes shopping. I need a person to help with cooking.A. Either, or B. both, and C. neither, nor D. not only, but also解答 由 goes 可以排除 B， 由后一句需要一个人帮忙可知，只能去一人，所以选择eitheror。正确答案是：A2.Both my mother and my father _teachersA. is B. are C. am D. be解答 bothand连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。 正确答案是：B
