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1.4 Unit3 Pardon Me 同步素材(冀教版九年级下册).doc

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1、 Lesson 18 Wait! Dont Eat Yet!等等!别再吃了!课文英汉对照THINK ABOUT IT! 想一想!What do you know about “table manners”?关于“餐桌礼仪”你知道什么?Have you ever had dinner with a foreigner?你曾和一个外国人共进过晚餐吗?What thing does almost everyone have at a Canadian table?在加拿大的餐桌上几乎每个人都有什么东西?All societies have customs about how to eat polit

2、ely. In English, we call these customs “table 所有社会都有关于如何有礼貌地吃饭的习俗。 在英国,我们叫这种习俗为“餐桌 manners.”礼仪。 ”Table manners in China and Canada are quite different. Its very interesting! Here are some 中国和加拿大的餐桌礼仪非常不同。 这很有趣! 这儿有一些例子。examples.In China, if you drop something on the tablecloth, you usually leave it

3、there. You dont pick 在中国,如果你把东西掉在桌布上, 你通常就让它在那儿。 你不会拾起它,it up, and you certainly dont eat it! In Canada, if you drop something on the tablecloth, you 并且你也一定不会吃它! 在加拿大,如果你把东西掉在桌布上, 你会pick it up and put it on your plate. Its okay to eat it, especially its something dry, like a piece 拾起它并且放在你的盘子里。 吃了它也

4、可以, 尤其是一些干东西, 例如一块面包。of bread.In China, if your guests have no food on their plates, putting food on their plates is polite.在中国, 你的客人的盘子里没有食物了, 在他们的盘子里放上食物是礼貌的行为。In Canada, you pass food to guests, but you dont usually put food on their plates.在加拿大,你把食物递给客人, 但通常不把食物放在他们的盘子上。In China, if you are some

5、ones guest, you should not finish everything on your plate. It 在中国,如果你在别人家作客, 你不应该吃完你盘子里的所有食物。 它means that you havent had enough to eat. In Canada, to finish the food on your plate is 意味着你没有吃够。 在加拿大,吃完你盘子里的食物是礼貌的。 polite. It means you like the food.它意味着你喜欢那些食物。In China, some people like to help them

6、selves, or others, to food with their own chopsticks. 在中国, 一些人喜欢用筷子帮他们自己或他人夹食物。At a table in North America, people will not help themselves to food unless each dish has its 在北美的餐桌上, 人们不会擅自取用食物, 除非每道菜里有专门的匙子。own special spoon. It is not polite to use ones own knife, fork or spoon to serve food.用自己的刀、

7、叉或匙子供应食物是不礼貌的。In China, nobody has a knife at the table. In Canada, usually everyone has a knife.在中国,没有人在餐桌上用刀。 在加拿大,通常每个人都有一把小刀。Here are some other customs in Canada that everyone knows. How many of these rules are 这儿另外有一些在加拿大人人都知道的习俗。 这些礼规在中国, true in China?有多少是真正的礼规呢?Its rude to put your elbows o

8、n the table, but almost everyone does.把你的肘放在桌子上是粗鲁的, 但是几乎人人都做。Its rude to talk when you have food in your mouth. Parents are forever telling their 当你嘴里有食物时,说话是粗鲁的。 父母一直在告诉孩子:children: “Dont talk with your mouth full!”“ 不要满口食物讲话!”Its rude to use a toothpick at the table.在饭桌上使用牙签是粗鲁的。图片译文Spaghetti com

9、es from Italy. It is a kind of noodle. You put tomato sauce and cheese on it. Im意大利面条来自意大利。 它是一种面条。 你放番茄汁和奶酪在上面。 我饿了!hungry! Lets eat! 让我们吃吧!PROJECT方案WHATS THE STORY?故事是什么?In small groups, find pictures of people in magazines. Let each member of your group choose 以小组为单位, 在杂志上找一些人物图片。 让你们小组的每个成员选择一幅人

10、物one person. Cut out the people and glue them to a piece of paper. Do the people act like they are 图片。 剪下来并把图片粘贴在一张纸上。 这些人看上去在表演不同寻doing something unusual? Good! Make it interesting!常的事情吗? 好了! 使它有趣味些!Now, think! As a group, make up a quick story about your picture. What are the people doing? 现在,想一想!

11、以小组为单位就你们的图片迅速编一个故事。 故事中的人正在做什么?What are they saying? Write down your story.他们正在说什么? 把你们的故事写下来。Trade your picture with the students from another group. Make up a story for their picture. 和另一组的同学交换一下图片。 给他们的图片编一个故事。Compare your ideas with their ideas. Are your ideas the same as theirs? Why or why not

12、?比较一下你们的想法与他们的想法。你们的想法和他们的想法相同吗?为什么相同或为什么不同呢?重点难点详解1. What do you know about “table manners”?关于“餐桌礼仪”你知道什么?table manners 意为 “餐桌礼仪 ”,manner 常用复数表示“礼貌,习俗” 。manner 作名词常有以下几种意思和用法:(1) “方式,方法” ,指做事的方法或事情发生的方式。Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话?We should use in a wave-like manner

13、. 我们应该采用波浪式的方法。(2)“态度,举止”,指说话和做事的态度和举止。Talking with a mouthful food is a very rude manner. 满口食物说话是很粗鲁的举止。Opening the door for others is a polite manner. 为他人开门是一种礼貌的举止。(3)常用复数形式表示“礼貌,礼节”。Its bad manners to talk with a full mouth 嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。You should have good manners all the time. 任何时候都应该有礼貌。(4)常

14、用复数形式表示“风俗,习俗”。We need to learn about the manners and customs of other countries. 我们需要学习其他国家的风俗习惯。She has written a book on the manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians. 她写了一本关于古埃及人习俗的书。2. All societies have customs about how to eat politely. 所有社会都有关于如何有礼貌地吃饭的习俗。(1)societies 是名词 society“社会”的复数形式

15、。society 的用法:1)n. “社会”She often moves in polite society.她经常出入上流社会。WangZhaojun was born in a class society. 王昭君出生在一个阶级社会里。2)群体,团体;社团,协会In Africa, they need more charitable society to help them. 在非洲,他们需要更多的慈善团体帮助他们。He is working for a music society. 他正在为一个音乐协会工作。知识拓展1. societal adj. “社会的” ,它的范围很大,指 “所

16、有与社会或社会学有关的范畴” ,在社会学著作中经常使用,一般来讲比较抽象和书面化。On societal values, we all agree on the importance of orderly society.在社会价值观方面,我们都同意社会秩序的重要性。2. social adj. “社会的,有关社会的;社交的,交际的;群居的” ,它的范围较小,局限于 societal 范畴中的一小部分。Social studies is the study of how man lives in societies. 社科课程是对人们怎样在社会中生活的研究。Correct ideas come

17、 from social practice. 正确的思想来自社会实践。 Man is a social animal. 人是群居动物。3. sociology n. “社会学”He is majoring in sociology in college. 他正在大学主修社会学。4. sociologist n. “社会学家,社会学者”His father is a sociologist. 他的爸爸是一个社会学家。(2)custom 在句中意为“风俗,习俗” ,custom 还可意为“习惯” ,当它的复数形式与 the 相连时,也可意为 “关税,海关” 。His custom is to ge

18、t up early and have a cold bath. 他的习惯是早起,然后洗个冷水澡。At the airport; the customs officers searched his case. 在机场,海关人员检查了他的箱子。(3)politely adv. “有礼貌地,客气地” ,它是形容词 polite“礼貌的”直接加单词后缀-ly 变化而来。Polite 的常用词组是:be polite to sb. “对有礼貌” 。You should be polite to everyone. 你应该对每个人都有礼貌。People all like the polite child

19、ren.人们都喜欢那些礼貌的孩子。归纳总结形容词加后缀-ly 变副词的变化规则:形容词加后缀-ly 变副词的变化规则,有规律可循,请记住以下口诀: 一般直接加, “元 e”去 e 加, “辅 y”改 i 加, “le”结尾 e 改 y。1.一般情况下直接加“ly” 。quick(迅速的)quickly (迅速地) polite(有礼貌的)politely(有礼貌地)wide(广阔的)widely (广泛地) sad(悲伤的)sadly(悲伤地)common(普通的) commonly(通常地) recent(近来的) recently(近来地)immediate(立即的)immediately

20、(立即地 nice(细微的) nicely(精细地)2. “以辅音字母加 y”结尾的多音节形容词,先将 y 改成 i,再加 ly。happy(幸福的)happily (幸福地) noisy(喧闹的) noisily(喧闹地)angry(愤怒的) angrily (愤怒地) heavy(重的) heavily(沉重地)easy(容易的) easily (容易地) busy(繁忙的)busily(繁忙地)3.以 ue 结尾的形容词要先去掉 e, 然后再加-ly 。true(真实的)truly(真实地) 4. 以“le 结尾”的形容词将 e 改为 y。 possible(可能的)possibly(可

21、能地) gentle(温和的) gently(温和地) terrible(可怕的)terribly(可怕地)3. You dont pick it up, and you certainly dont eat it!你不会拾起它,并且你也一定不会吃它!pick up 是由动词和副词组成的词组,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。名词可以放后面也可以放中间;当代词作宾语时,只能放在它们的中间。pick up 的意思很多,现归纳如下:(1)捡起/ 拿起(某物) ;扶起(某人)Mr. Black picked up his hat and went out. 布莱克先生拿起帽子走了出去。Grandma Li

22、fell down onto the ground and I ran to pick her up at once. 李奶奶跌倒在地,我赶紧跑过去扶她。 (2) (在无线电中)收听、接收It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 必须有一台短波收音机才能收听到这些节目。(3)采,摘Last weekend we helped farmers pick up oranges. 上周末我们帮助农民摘桔子了。(4) (用车)来接,可以是到某处去接某人或载货,也可以是中途顺便把人或物带走。Mr. Brown

23、 stopped his car in front of the shop to pick up the empty boxes. 布朗先生在店门前停下车,顺便把空箱子带走。Ill pick you up at your home tomorrow. 明天我会开车到你家接你。(5)跌倒后(自己)站起来 The little girl slipped and fell, but she quickly picked herself up. 这个小小姑娘滑倒了,但很快就站了起来。(6)收拾,整理Youd better pick up the tools after finishing the wo

24、rk. 完成工作后你最好把这些工具收拾起来。(7)捉住,逮捕 3 ?; r; n( l M+ AThe police picked the thief up as he was leaving the shop. 窃贼正要离开商店时,警察捉住了他。(8)恢复精神 / 健康;(生意)好转,恢复 *This old man is beginning to pick up now. 现在这位老人开始恢复健康。 Business has been very poor but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas. 生意一直很不景气,但他们可望

25、在圣诞节前再次好转。 $ S经典考例选择最佳答案。1. Its time for harvest, lets help my grandma_ ?A. grow rice B. pick up pears C. water plants D. feed animals解答 由 Its time for harvest 可知是收获的季节是帮助外婆收获庄稼,只有 B 有收获之意。正确答案是:B2. My train will arrive at 7:30, its too late to get home.-Dont worry, I will _ outside the train statio

26、n.A. pick you up B. pick up you C. look for you D. wait you解答 由上一句“太晚了不能回家和下一句的别担心” ,可知是“在火车站外等或接” ,wait for sb.“等候某人 ”,由此可排除 D;pick up 是动词和副词组成的词组,代词应该放在中间。正确答案是:A4. Its okay to eat it, especially its something dry, like a piece of bread. 吃了它也可以, 尤其是一些干东西,例如一块面包。(1)especially adv. “特别, 格外, 尤其;专门”He

27、 has been especially busy this week. 他这星期特别忙。I like the country especially in spring. 我喜欢乡村, 尤其在春天。This pair of shoes is bought especially for you. 这双鞋子是专门为你买的。辨析specially, especially 和 particularly specially, especially 和 particularly 这三个词都有“特别地,专门地,尤其 ,格外地”的意思。1. specially 指的是非一般、非正常、非广泛。表示为某一特定目的

28、而做某事,经常翻译成“专门”。I came here specially to ask you a question. 我是专门来问你一个问题的。 He is not specially clever, but he works hard. 他不是特别聪明,但他工作很努力。 2. especially 的特殊、特别指的是非普通、非寻常、程度上超过其他的。常常翻译成“尤其,特别地”,修饰形容词、副词或者动词,表示某种情况与平常很不一样,引出同位语或强调主语、宾语、状语(包括状语从句)等。I love Italy, especially in summer. 我喜欢意大利,尤其是在夏天。This

29、road is hard to walk on, especially at night. 这路很难走,尤其是在晚上。3. specially 与 especially 在数量、程度等方面表示“例外、格外、过分”的意思时一般可以互换。口语中,一般用 specially,正式文体中多用 especially ,特别是在介词或者连词前面尤为多见。Its not specially/especially hot today. 今天不算特别热。 The food in that restaurant is not especially/specially good. 那家餐厅的饭菜并不太好。4. pa

30、rticularly=especially 指“ 特别、尤其” ,especially 指用于正式问题, particularly 既可用于正式问题,也可用于日常口语。He is particularly/ especially lazy and does nothing at home.他特别懒,在家什么事也不做。(2)especially 的形容词是去掉-ly,especial“特别的,特殊的 ”。Mending computers is an especial skill. 修理电脑是一门特别的技能。 Is there a matter of especial importance th

31、is year?今年有重大的事情吗?(3)something dry 意为“干东西”,dry 修饰 something,不定代词或不定副词由其他词修饰时,所修饰词应该放在不定代词或不定副词之后。I am hungry, can you give me something to eat? 我饿了,你能给我一点吃的吗?I like somewhere quiet and beautiful. 我喜欢安静且美丽的地方。5. At a table in North America, people will not help themselves to food unless each dish has

32、 its own special spoon. 在北美的餐桌上,人们不会擅自取用食物,除非每道菜里有专门的匙子。(1)at a table 意为“在桌旁” ,相当于 at the table。at the table 与 at table 的意义完全不同,at table 意为“在桌旁吃饭” 。有无冠词,意义完全不同的词组有:at the table(在桌边) -at table(在桌边吃饭)in the bed(在床里)-in bed(躲在床上) at the school(在学校)-at school(在上学)on the sea(在海上)-on sea(航海)in the class(在

33、班上)-in class(在课堂上) in the hospital(在医院)-in hospital(住院) go to the bed(去床边)-go to bed(去睡觉) in the front of(在前部) -in front of (在前面)go to the church(去教堂)-go to church(去做礼拜) in a word (总而言之;一句话)- in word (口头上;表面上)on the earth(在地球上)-on earth(究竟,到底)by the sea (在海边)-by sea (乘船)in the charge of (由照料/ 负责/ 管理

34、)- in charge of (管理;照料;负责)go to the school(去学校)-go to school(上学)in the church(在教堂里)-in church(做礼拜)(2)help oneself/ help oneself to sth “随便吃,自用,自取”Help yourself to the fruit, Tom, please.汤姆,请随便吃点水果吧。Children, please help yourselves.孩子们,请随便吃。经典考例选择最佳答案。1. Some children are playing _ ?A. by the sea B.

35、by sea C. on the sea D. on sea解答 由句意“孩子们正在玩” ,应该是在海边玩,by the sea “在海边” ;by sea “乘船” ;on the sea“在海上” ;on sea“航海” 。正确答案是:A2. Boys and girls, please help_ the fruits.A. you B. yourselves C. yourself D. themselves解答 固定词组 help oneself to sth. “随便吃” , 前面是 boys and girls,主语是复数且是面对面的说话,所以此处应该用第二人称复数形式的反身代词

36、,即 yourselves。正确答案是:B(3)unless 意为“如果不,除非” ,表示反面条件。由 unless 引导的条件状语从句,从句的谓语动词只能是肯定式,表示强烈的否定条件;它也符合主将从现的规律,即主句是将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。Unless you work hard, you wont pass the exam. 除非你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格的。They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday. 除非下周星期天下雨, 他们要进行野炊活动的。1)当 if 引导的从句为否定句时,可以与 unless 转化。If y

37、ou dont work hard, you will fail. =Unless you work hard, you will fail. 你若不努力工作,就会失败。You will fall behind others if you dont study hard.=You will fall behind others unless you study hard. 如果你不努力学习,你就会落后他人。2)and 不能用来连接两个 unless 从句,即不能用“unlessand unless ”,但“if notand if not”却不受此限制。(错)You wont improve

38、your English unless you listen more and unless you speak more.(对)You wont improve your English unless you listen more and speak more. =You wont improve your English if you dont listen more and if you dont speak more. 你的英语不会取得进步的,除非你多听多说。(4)dish 在句中作名词,意为 “一道菜” 。dish 的用法:1)作名词盘,餐盘,碟The careless waite

39、r dropped the dish onto the ground. 那个粗心的侍者把盘子摔到了地上。That dish is too shallow to serve soup in. 那只盘子太浅了,不能盛汤。一道菜The main dish is a steak. 主菜是牛排。His favorite dish is roast duck. 他最喜欢吃的菜是烤鸭。一盘之量Do you need a dish of rice. 你需要来一盘米饭吗?Please give the children a dish of fruit.请给孩子们一盘水果。2)作动词把(食物)装盘She aske

40、d Mary to help her dish up the dinner. 她要玛丽帮她把菜肴分盛到盘子里。dish out 分发;供给There were students dishing out newspapers to passers-by. 有学生向路人分发报纸。经典考例选择最佳答案。1. You wont catch the early bus_ you get up earlier.A. if B. whether C. though D. unless解答 由“你起床更早一点和你就不会赶上早班车的”是相矛盾的,它表示反面的条件且强烈的否定;unless 和 if 都可用于此种

41、句型,但只有当 if 后的从句是否定句时,主句和从句的意思才不矛盾。而 unless 则正好相反。正确答案是:D2. Linda, could you do the_.A. dish B. dishes C. dish up D. dish out解答 固定词组 do the dishes 意为“洗碗” 。正确答案是:B6. It is not polite to use ones own knife, fork or spoon to serve food.用自己的刀、叉或匙子供应食物是不礼貌的。serve 在句中作动词,意为“ 供应,提供(饭菜) ”。sever 作动词的用法:(1)服务,

42、为效力,接待顾客Can I serve you in any way? 我能帮你忙吗?Mrs. White cant come to the telephone - shes serving a customer. 怀特夫人不能来接电话她正在接待顾客。(2)(与 in 连用)任职;服役He serves in the navy. 他在海军服役。Her father serves on a headmaster in a middle school.他的爸爸在一所中学任校长。(3)供给某物,提供(饭菜)Here is a pipeline serving the house with water

43、 这儿有一条给房子供水的水管。That restaurant can serve delicious food. 那个餐馆可以提供可口的食物。(4)可做,适于This box will serve for a seat. 这箱子可当作座椅。This book serves for children to read. 这本书适于孩子们读。(5)(与 out 连用)分发,发给,分配I want to serve out these foods to those hungry children.我想把这些食物发给那些饥饿的孩子们。Please help me serve out these book

44、s.请帮我分配这些书。7. Its rude to put your elbows on the table, but almost everyone does.把你的肘放在桌子上是粗鲁的,但是几乎人人都做。(1)此句是动词不定式作主语,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to put your elbows on the table。动词不定式作主语,往往为了避免头重脚轻,用形式主语 it 代替,将真正的主语放在句末。To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.=Its very hard to finish the work in ten mi

45、nutes.十分钟内完成这项工作是很困难的。To lose your heart means failure.=It means failure to lose your heart.失去信心就意味着失败。(2)rude 在句中意为“粗鲁的,无礼的” 。rude 的用法:1)粗鲁的;无礼的He was punished because he was rude to his teacher. 他被处罚了,因为他对老师不礼貌。If you are rude to the boss it may jeopardize your chances of success. 如果你对上司无礼,那就可能断送你

46、成功的机会。2)粗陋的;不精致的When I was a child, we lived in a rude hut. 小时候,我们住在一个简陋的小屋里。Edison took out a rude bench. 爱迪生拿出一个做工粗糙的板凳。3)野蛮的;未开化的,粗野的There is a rude tribe in the Amazon Jungle. 在亚马逊丛林有一个野蛮的部落。They killed so many people , they are like the rude lions.他们杀死了如此多的人,就像野蛮的狮子。4)in rude health 非常健康Though

47、my grandfather is over 80 years old, he is in rude health.虽然我的爷爷 80 多岁了,但他非常健康。The sheep Dolly is in rude health.绵羊多莉非常健康。经典考例选择最佳答案。1. _ is important for us to learn English well.A. It B. That C. This D. One解答 此处是动词不定式作主语,用形式主语 it 代替,也可看成一个句型:It is + 形容词+for sb.+ to do sth.正确答案是:A2. No one will pla

48、y with you, if you are still so_.A. polite B. happy C. rude D. beautiful解答 由句意 “没有人会和你玩的” ,可知此处应该是一个贬义词,rude 意为“粗鲁的” ,而其他三个词都是对人进行褒奖。正确答案是:C8. Parents are forever telling their children: “Dont talk with your mouth full!”父母一直在告诉孩子:“ 不要满口食物讲话!”(1)forever adv. “永远,永久;不断地,常常,一直,始终”,forever 也可写作for ever,但用法有区别: forever 可以放在句末做状语,也可以放在句中修饰动词;for ever 只可以放在句末做状语。I shall remember that happy day forever/ for ever. 我将永远记住那快乐的一天。Hes forever mending his motorbike. 他不断修理他的摩托车。(2)with 在此句中意为“拥有,有 ”,并不是词组 talk with,而是与 your mouth

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