1、Section Grammar & Writing虚拟语气()阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?2It is necessary that we (should) learn English well.3My mom suggests that we (should) eat out for a change this weekend.虚拟语气可以应用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等从句中。一、用于主语从句中常用虚拟语气(谓语动词用 shoul
2、d do，其中 should 可以省略)的主语从句有以下三个句式：1It is/wasimportant/necessary/essential/impossible/natural/strange/ surprising.that 从句。如：It is very important that we(should)master the basic skills of computer.掌握电脑的基本技能是很重要的。2It is/wasa/an rule/shame/honour/surprise. that 从句。如：It is a rule that everyone(should)obey
3、 the law of the country.条例规定人人都应该遵守国家的法律。3It is/wasuggested/requested/required/demanded/ordered/commanded/proposed. that 从句。如：It is suggested we(should)start before sunset.建议我们应该日落前出发。二、用于宾语从句中1用在 wish 之后的宾语从句中wish 后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气表示不能实现的愿望。主句 用法 从句谓语动词的形式表示现在不能实现的愿望 用一般过去时(be 动词通常用 were)表示过去不能实现的愿望 had
4、过去分词主语wish表示将来不能实现的愿望 would(could)动词原形I wish I were a doctor.我希望我是个医生就好了。I wish that the rain would stop.我希望雨能停下来。2用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should” 可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：一坚持(insist)；二命令(command，order)；三建议(advise，suggest， proposal)；四要求(request ，require，demand，desi
5、re)。I insisted that we (should)tell this to her.我坚决要求我们该把这事告诉她。The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。3would rather 后跟从句时，从句用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做” 。名师点津 suggest 表示“暗示”时，insist 表示“坚持说，坚持认为 ”时，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气形式。He insisted that he hadnt stolen the money.他坚持说自己没有偷钱。Th
6、e smile on her face suggested that she was very satisfied.她脸上的微笑表明她很满意。三、用于表语从句和同位语从句中虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。一些表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词advice，idea， order，demand ，plan ，proposal，suggestion，request 等单词，其后所接的表语从句和同位语从句的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形” 。My suggestion is that we (should) get started as soon as possible.我的建议是我们尽
7、可能快地出发。My advice is that you (should) quit smoking.我的建议是你应该戒烟。四、虚拟语气的其他用法1as if/as though 引导的从句以及 if only 从句中的虚拟语气时间 谓语动词的虚拟形式与过去相虚拟 had过去分词与现在相虚拟 一般过去时(be 动词用 were)as if/asthough/if only与将来相虚拟 would/could/might动词原形He speaks English as though he were an American.他说英语好像他是美国人一样。If only the driver didn
8、t drive so fast!司机要是没开那么快就好了！名师点津 as if/as though 如果有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时，不用虚拟语气。It seems as if they know each other.(真实情况)他们好像彼此认识。It seems as though it were already spring.(虚拟语气)好像已经是春天了。2Its(high/about)time that 从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is(high/about)time (that)主语动词的过去式
9、/should动词原形。It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work.你该上班了。3would rather 后跟从句，从句用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做”I would rather you hadnt come here.我希望你没有来这里。I would rather we had a rest now.我宁愿我们能够现在休息一下。.单句语法填空1Id rather you _(not tell)me about it yeste
10、rday.2Robert wishes that he _(study) business instead of history when he was in university. 【导学号：35142014】3He made a suggestion that the English test _(put) off until next Wednesday.4If only he _(come) tomorrow!5Ive loved you as if you _(be) my son.【答案】 1.hadnt told 2.had studied 3.(should) be put 4
11、.could come 5.were.单句改错1It is essential that he will come to our meeting tomorrow. _2When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it is broken._3He gave the advice that we did the work carefully._4If only you have listened to my advice._5I would rather you do it yourself instead of ask
12、ing others for help._【答案】 1.willshould 2.第二个 iswere3did(should) do 4.havehad 5.dodid诗歌改写本单元的写作任务是诗歌改写。改写是用不同形式表达同一内容，使之成为与原文意思相同而表达方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，也可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文的内容。具体写作步骤一般是“三段式” ，具体为：第一段：简要介绍诗歌的内容。第二段：详细论述诗歌的主题。第三段：总结照应上文。改写诗歌时，应遵循以下原则：1要忠实于原作的中心思想。这就要求想象和联想要符
13、合原作精神，不能任意想象，漫无边际。2适当拓展，服务主题。诗歌用词比较精练、含蓄，感情色彩较浓厚，也就是说它们的内在含义比较丰富，改写时，有发挥想象的余地，可以把原作简洁的词句拓展成具体的景象，形成一篇与主题相关的文章。3避免简单翻译，要有创作性。改写是再创作的过程，并不是单纯的翻译诗歌，不能仅就诗歌的内容进行简单的扩充，而是要进一步展开种种想象，使人物形象有血有肉，栩栩如生，使故事情节更加完整生动。总之，诗歌改写应该把握原文的主题，用通俗易懂的语言进行创作，加入自己的语言，使文章符合主题，流畅易懂。亮点句式1The poem is written by the famous writer.这
14、首诗是由著名的诗人写的。2It rhymes at the end of the every line.这首诗歌在每一行的末尾押韵。3We can appreciate the image of.through the piece of poem.我们可以通过这首诗歌欣赏到的意境。4In the poem ，we can sense/find.在诗歌中，我们能够意识到/发现5The writer expressed his/her feeling of.in the poem.作者在诗歌中表达了自己的感情。6This poem has successfully touched the hear
15、ts of the readers.这首诗歌成功地触动了读者的心弦。写作任务 下面是唐朝诗人李绅的名作悯农 ，请写一篇 100 词左右的短文解释一下诗歌的意义以及诗中所蕴含的作者的思想感情。Sympathy on the FarmersAt noon，a farmer is weeding，Down the field，sweat is dripping，Who knows rice on a dish，Every grain is full of moiling?审题谋篇体裁 诗歌改写话题 怜悯农民、爱惜粮食时态 一般现在时人称 第三人称遣词造句.词汇1受欢迎 _2如下 _3提醒某人某事 _
16、4浪费食物 _5珍惜 _【答案】 1.be popular with 2.as follows 3.remind sb.of sth. 4.waste food 5.treasure/cherish.句式1Li Shen in the Tang Dynasty wrote the poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” and it is popular with Chinese readers.(用定语从句改写上面句子 )_2It is important for the young generation today to understand the p
17、oem and treasure every grain.(用“It isadj.that”结构改写句子)_【答案】 1.Here is a poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” written by Li Shen in the Tang Dynasty， which is popular with Chinese readers.2Its especially important that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain.妙笔成
18、篇_【参考范文】 Here is a poem titled “Sympathy on the Farmers” written by Li Shen in the Tang Dynasty，which is popular with Chinese readers.The content of the poem goes as follows.Its very hot outside at this summer noon time，yet a farmer is still working in the field.He is sweating all over，and frequentl
19、y the sweat falls into the soil where the crops grow.But who knows exactly all the delicious dishes on our table come from the hard work of the farmers?Li Shen wrote this poem in order to remind people of the importance of the farmershard work.Nowadays，many young people waste a lot of food.I think its especially important that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain.
