1、Section Warming Up & ReadingLanguage Pointsin time 及时；终于(教材 P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终它们产生了二氧化碳、 氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。in time to do sth. 及时做某事in time for sth. 及时赶上某事on time 准时；按时at a time 一次；每
2、次at one time 曾经；一度；同时at times 有时；偶尔at no time 决不in no time 马上；立刻We arrived in the summer，just in time to_enjoy(enjoy) the midnight sun.我们在夏天到达那里，正赶上欣赏半夜的太阳。At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中国在任何时候决不首先使用核武器。The kids will be leaving home in no time.孩子们很快就要离开家了。harmful adj.有害的(
3、教材 P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。be harmful to. 对有害harmless adj. 无害的do harm to sb.do sb.harm 对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处
4、(it does no harm to do sth.)Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。Reading under the sun will do serious harm to your eyes.太阳底下看书会严重损伤视力。 【导学号：32222022】There is no harm in reading more booksIt does_no_harm_to_read more books.多读些书没坏处。exist vi.存在；生存(教材 P26)They laid egg
5、s too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了 1 亿 4 千多万年。(1)exist in 存在于中exist on 靠生活/生存There exists. 存在；有(2)existence n. 存在；生活in existence 现存的；现有的come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在He exists on selling fruits.他靠卖水果生存。There exists a tall tree in front of my home.在我家门前有一棵很高的
6、树。It is said that the plant is the oldest in existence(exist)据说这种植物是现存最古老的。名师点津 exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时。there exist(某处)存在，有，是 there be 句型的变体。类似的结构还有：there stand，there lie，there live，there occur 等。in ones turn 轮到某人；接着(教材 P26)Thus they have， in their turn，become the most important animals on the pl
7、anet.于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。in turn 依次；轮流；相应地；转而；反过来by turns 轮流；交替take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事They，in their turn，gave some advice for the plan.他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。We take turns(turn) to deliver a speech in pub
8、lic.我们轮流在公众面前发表演讲。It is my turn to_clean(clean) the classroom this week.这周轮到我打扫教室了。prevent.from 阻止；制止(教材 P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这就使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。Error!阻止 做某事protect.from(against
9、). 保护不受侵袭(from 后接能带来伤害或损害之物 )No one can prevent him from going to Tibet by bike.没有人能够阻止他骑自行车去西藏。They were stopped/prevented from entering the burning building.他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼外面。Soldiers have been sent to protect the crew against attack.已经派出士兵保护船员免遭袭击。名师点津 from 省还是不省？短语 prevent/stop/protect.from.中的 from
10、 可以省略，keep.from.中的from 不能省略。但在被动结构中，from 均不可省略。puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材 P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(4)puzzled adj.
11、感到迷惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解Im in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.对于如何和他相处我感到困惑。语境助记 The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。.语境填词1A report on _among middle school and high school students indicates that most _incidents
12、 between students begin with a relatively minor insult(侮辱) (violent)2This object gives off_gases.They may do _to our health.You must make the object_before you use it.(harm)3Do you believe in the_of ghosts？Perhaps they only _in the minds of some people.(exist)4The students over there are_about the _
13、 question.(puzzle)5_，there are two _ theories to the outbreak of Cholera.(fundament)【答案】 1.violence ；violent 2.harmful ；harm ；harmless 3.existence； exist 4.puzzled；puzzling 5.Fundamentally；fundamental.选词填空in time， cool down，come into existence，give birth to，prevent.from.，depend on，in ones turn，for t
14、he first time1She didnt _ for hours after that argument.2Health _ good food，fresh air and enough sleep.3When school began last summer ，most of us met _.4I was just _ for the flight.5We should try our best to _ the river _ being polluted. 【导学号：32222023】【答案】 1.cool down 2.depends on 3.for the first ti
15、me 4.in time 5.prevent；from(教材 P25)What it was_to_become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到 3845 亿年前之间，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。【要点提炼】 “be to do 结构”表示将来不可避免要发生的事，意为“注定” ；也可表示按计划或安排要发生的事。be to do 有五层含义：(1)表示预定， “预定” ，相当于 be g
16、oing to do。(2)表示义务， “应该” ，相当于 should。(3)表示可能， “会做” ，相当于 can/could。(4)表示命运， “注定”(通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实)。(5)用于 if.were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。As a young man，he didnt know he was to win world fame later on.年轻时，他不知道自己日后会举世闻名。You are to_ hand(hand) in your homework before Friday.周五之前你要交上作业。 【导学号：32222024】Later this
17、was(be) to become the place of the first foreign settlements in Australia.后来这里成了第一批外国人在澳洲的居住地。(教材 P26)This produced a chain reaction，which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的开始发展成为可能。【要点提炼】 句中的 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语 to develop。it 作形式宾语时常用在 find/make/think/consideritadj ./n.to do 结构
18、中。We find it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.这么坏的天气，我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。We think it our duty to_help(help) you out of trouble.我们认为帮助你摆脱困境是我们的责任。He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。名师点津 it 作形式宾语时不仅可代替不定式，还可代替 ving 形式和句子。We conside
19、r it no use discussing the problem with him.我们认为和他讨论这个问题没用。I think it a pity that you didnt come to the concert last Sunday.我认为你上周日没听音乐会很遗憾。完成句子1他计划明年去国外深造。He _to get further education next year.2在学校大礼堂将举行一次会议，有几个学生正忙着做准备。In the school hall，where a meeting _，some students are busy preparing for it.3
20、他们计划到哪里旅游还没有定下来，直到一周前他们为暑假做准备时才定下来。_was uncertain until one week ago when they were preparing for their summer holiday.4我认为学好英语很有用。I think _ to learn English well.5每天我们都要把保持教室清洁当作一条规则。We must _to keep the classroom clean every day.【答案】 1.is to go abroad 2.is to be held3Where they were to travel 4.it
21、 useful 5.make it a ruleWhat it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.【分析】 what 引导主语从句主 干 句 What it was to become was uncertainuntil 引导时间状语until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years agowhen 引导定语从句 when the dust settled into a so
22、lid globe.【翻译】 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到 3845 亿年前之间，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球状物。学业分层测评.单句语法填空1Some understanding of grammar is _(fundament) to learning a language.2_(like)most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually by bus.3I consider that it is _(harm)for students to play computer games too much.4Som
23、e _(violence)scenes in the film were cut off when it was shown on television.5Our problems have _(multiply)since last year.6He looked at me with a _ (puzzle) look on his face.7Her name in _(religious) is Sister Mary.8We cant _(existence) without water and food.9Youll succeed _ time if you keep on wo
24、rking like this.10The government has to close those small factories to prevent the water of the river from_(pollute)【答案】 1.fundamental 2.Unlike 3.harmful4violent 5.multiplied 6.puzzled 7.religion 8.exist 9.in 10.being polluted.单句改错1Nothing could prevent him to go out even though its bad weather._2Th
25、e plan can be prevented being carried out._3They didnt keep him expressing his views._4It is known that two multiplying by 4 makes 8._5There is no harm in take exercise after dinner._【答案】 1.to go 改为(from) going 2.being 前加 from 3.him 后加 from 4.multiplying 改为 multiplied 5.take 改为 taking.阅读理解Of all the
26、 planets, none has captured the worlds imagination like Mars.Its reddish color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.In Cosmos，the television science series from the 1980s， scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars.Some of these ideas ar
27、e from the English science fiction writer HG.Wells The War of the Worlds.Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars.Wells described Martians as threatening.Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works
28、.Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.Today, Mars continues to excite humansnot as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.The
29、Smithsonians “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it.Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland，brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma.They heard about Mars and its geology from experts.They could see a test version of the Viking la
30、nders that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites (陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet.Eightyearold Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right.He said， “Its actually orangish more than red and its also kind of brown, too.”Emma is six.She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars.She said, “The closest thing to Marsthe stuffis from volcanoes mostly.”“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycias children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
