1、 动词的-ing 形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语一、动词-ing 形式作表语的用法动词-ing 形式作表语一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作，表语和主语的位置可以互换。Her job is teaching.( = Teaching is her job.)她的工作是教书。Her duty is taking care of the babies.( = Taking care of the babies is her duty.)照看婴儿是她的职责。【注意】不定式和动词-ing 形式作表语的不同。我们知道,不定式同样可以作句子的表语，与动词-ing 形式所表达的意义也非常接近，但两者有一定的区别：一
2、般说来，动词-ing 形式多表示一般行为和状态；而不定式则强调具体某次动作或将来要发生的动作。动名词作表语表示抽象、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising 等。二、动词-ing 形式作定语的用法1. 单个的动词-ing 形式作定语时，一般放在被修饰词之前，而动词-ing 形式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词之后。动名词作
3、定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；a waiting room 等候室a dancing girl 一个跳舞的女孩teaching methods 教学方法a swimming pool 一个游泳池The man talking with our headmaster is my father.和我们校长谈话的那个人是我父亲。2. 现在分词也可以作定语修饰名词,表示该名词正处在某种状态,现在分词这个动作实际上是由所修饰的名词发出的动作。a sleeping beauty (a beauty is sleeping) 一个睡美人a running dog (a dog is run
4、ning) 一只奔跑中的狗a dancing girl (a girl is dancing) 一个跳舞的女孩三、动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语的用法1. 动词 -ing 形式和动词-ing 形式短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(如 see, observe, notice, watch, hear, smell, listen to, look at, feel 等)以及使役动词(如 catch, set, have, make, get, start, leave, keep, find 等)的宾语后面，作宾语补足语。I saw a small girl standing in front of
5、 a goldfish pond.我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。2. 在一些感官、使役动词后，既可以接省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语，其区别在于：动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过程；省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成，指全过程。I saw the thief getting on the train. 我看见那个贼正在上火车。I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared. 我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。I. 单项选择。1. Carl works hard.So h
6、e does.He is often seen heavily before his colleagues arrive. A. to be sweated B. sweated C. be sweated D. sweating2. Some of the magazines are missing. Did you close the door before leaving?Yes.I remember it, for it remains . A. to close; locked B. closing; locked C. closing; locking D. to close; b
7、eing locked3. If we have illegal immigrants in, many local workers will lose their jobs. A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come4. Walt Disney once described Mickey Mouse as a little fellow to do the best he could. A. tries B. to try C. trying D. tried 5. The hottest topic throughout this week o
8、n newspapers and TV programs is the crisis and what the government is going to do with it. A. to be talked about B. talking about C. to talk about D. being talked about6. There have been several new events to the program for the Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added7. The wild flowers l
9、ooked like a soft orange blanket the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover8. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take9. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B.
10、seating C. to seat D. seat10. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lostII. 用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Seeing is (believe). 2. Im sorry to have kept you (wait) long. 3. I heard Mr Smith (sing) in the next door. 4.
11、I felt someone (pat) on the shoulder. 5. The little girl is (whisper) something in her grannys ear. 6. My hobby is (collect) stamps. 7. The film is so (interest) that they are all interested in it. 8. Your (smoke) too much will do harm to your health. 9. When he came in, we all stopped (talk). 10. T
12、his is her fathers (walk) stick. 【答案及解析】I.1. D【解析】句意：“卡尔工作很努力。 ”“的确如此。经常有人看见他在同事来之前就已经大汗淋漓了。 ”现在分词短语在句中作主语补足语，表示主动及动作正在进行。2. B【解析】答句句意：是的。我记得锁了门，因为门还锁着。remember doing sth .“记得做过某事” ，符合语境。remain 在此作系动词，且 the door 与 lock 之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作表语。3. B【解析】句意：如果我们听任非法移民不断涌入，那么当地许多工人将失业。have sb. doing sth.“使某人一直
13、做某事” 。4. C【解析】fellow 与 try 之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。5. D【 解析】时间为“本周” ，topic 与 talk about 之间是动宾关系，所填内容在句中作后置定语，故用现在分词短语的被动形式。6. D【解析】added to.为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 events，相当于 that are added to.。add sth to sth“把增加到” 。句意：有几个新项目被加入到奥运会的赛事里。9. A【解析】句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之后，再离开座位。remain 后可接 adj. / v.-ing/v.-ed / to be done 等多种形式作表语，在该题中可以把 seated 视为一个形容词表状态。10. C【解析】句意：他对这个工作面试做了充分的准备，因为他不愿意冒失去这个好工作的风险。Risk 后面必须接动名词作宾语。II.1. believing 2. waiting 3. singing 4. patting 5. whispering 6. collecting 7. interesting 8. smoking 9. talking 10. walking【解析】本题主要考查 v.-ing 形式在具体语境中的应用能力。
