1、复习动词不定式的用法：1基本概念不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。2基本形式主动形式 被动形式一般式 to do to be donegkstk 来 K完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing /完成进行式 to have been doing /否定形式 gkstk 源:gkstknot to dogkstkgkstkgkstk not to be done疑问词不定式 wh to do wh t
2、o be done复合结构 sb.to do/for sb.to do /3.句法功能不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即 for sb.to do sth.。（1）不定式作主语 (subject)To finish this report took him a week. 完成这个报告用了他一周。To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。注意： 单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 不定式作主、宾、表通常表示具体的、一次性的、特定的行为。 若不定式太长，多用
3、 it 作形式主语，不定式置后。（2）不定式作表语 (Predicative) 主语为不定式，表语也需为不定式。What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 我的建议是推迟会议To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain 等后作表语 。My job is to help the patients. 我的工作是要帮助病人。 当主语含有 do 的某种形式，作表语的不定式可省略 to。The only thing t
4、o do now is (to) go on. 现在唯一要做的就是继续。What Ill do is (to) tell her the truth. 我要做的就是告诉她真相。（3）不定式作宾语 (Object)I decided to ask for my money back. 我觉得他不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。gkstkgkstkgkstk注意：It 作形式宾语：think/consider/find/feel/believe/suppose/ make + it + adj./ n.+ to do sth.I feel it impossible for him to finis
5、h the job in such a short time.我觉得对他来说，在这么短的时间里完成这项工作是不可能的。（4）不定式作宾补 (Object Complement) 带 to 的不定式作宾补动 词 : allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn 等 后 皆 以 带 to的 不 定 式 作 宾 补 。他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。He made a face and made us laugh.被动语态：He made a face and we were made t
6、o laugh. 作宾补的不定式不带 to使役动词 make, have, let;感官动词 see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice 等若上述结构变为被动语态, to 要还原。gkstkgkstkgkstkgkstk（5）不定式作定语 (Attribute) 若不定式是 vi., 不定式后介词不可省。He had place to live. 他有住的地方。 不定式所修饰的名词若是 time, place 或 way，其的介词习惯上省去。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
7、 她总是第一个到最后一个离开。 当名词被 the first ,the last, the only 等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定式作定语。gkstkgkstkgkstkgkstkThe meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天将要召开的会议很重要。 不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。Do you have anything to send? 你有什么需要送的吗？I have nothing to say. 我没什么要说
8、的。 不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有主谓、同位、动宾三种关系：动宾关系：I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。主谓关系：He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。同位关系：We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有机会进入大学。（6）不定式作状语 (Adverbial) 目的状语 (to do, in order to, so as to do)I stayed there to see what would happen. 我待在那里看看会发生什么？He spoke loud
9、ly in order to be heard. 他大声说话以便被人听到。 结果状语 (tooto do, so/ such as to do)He lay in the bed only to find his feet exposed. 他躺在床上，发现他的脚暴露了。He got there only to find the train gone. 他到了那里，结果发现火车不见了。 原因状语 (be + adj. + to do )sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick,
10、 rude, cruelWe were very excited to hear the news. 听到这个消息我们很兴奋。I have to say goodbye now. 我必须说再见了。（7）不定式作独立结构 (Absolute construction)To be honest (老实说), I am not happy at the moment. 老实说，我当时并不高兴。类似用法： to be frank；to be honest；to tell the truth；to be short to begin with；to be exact； to make a long st
11、ory short4不定式的时态与语态根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(to do)，完成式(to have done)，完成进行式(to have been doing)，进行式(to be doing)等时态形式以及被动形式 to be done 和 to have been done。He didnt allow us to go home early. 他不允许我们早回家。He seemed to have seen the film. 他好像看过这部电影。She is said to have been living in the city for six years. 据说她住在该城市
12、六年了。The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说此书已被译成了多种语言。跟踪练习根据中文意思完成句子1. 爬上山顶后，他上气不接下气。 He _ _ _ _after climbing to the top of the mountain. 2. 虽然他看起来有点笨拙，但决不能取笑他。Although he looks a little _, he cant _ _ _ _at all.3. 张婷在竞赛中获得了第一名，她的所有同学都祝贺她的成功。gkstkgkstkgkstkZhang Ting got t
13、he first prize in the competition and all her classmates_ her _ her _.4. 被冰雪困在京珠高速公路的司机和旅客们得到了当地政府的援助。The drivers and the passengers trapped on the Beijing-Zhuhai Motorway by ice and snow _ _ _ the local government.【答案】1.was out of breath 2.clumsy, make fun of him 3.congratulate on,success 4.get aid from 【解析】版权所有：学优高考网()
