1、单元评估检测(二)(时间：120 分钟，满分：150 分)第卷第一部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分 60 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。AScience fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.So its important for you to be familiar with the scienti
2、fic principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example，if youre writing about human living on a planet with zero gravity，then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds.And you have to follo
3、w them.If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1，your character cant drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3.The issue here is maintaining your readerstrust.That means the reader is willing to pretend along with you.If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someon
4、e breathing underwater in the 6th chapter，you will pull the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail.You should decide the following issues: the history of the world，th
5、e geography，what possibilities it offers，how everything works in this new reality，and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think，feel，and react to things.You dont have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter.But you have to let readers know enough to understand wha
6、ts going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing.When you are writing，remember to make it feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will want to be able to see，hear，feel，smell，and even taste what its like.Whether your novel
7、is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet，help your readers feel like theyre actually there.【解题导语】 很多人对科幻小说充满兴趣，你是否想写科幻小说呢？1Whats the relationship between actual science and science fiction?AScience fiction promotes the development of actual science.BScience fiction often reflects t
8、he development of actual science.CActual science limits the imagination described in science fiction.DActual science provides basic principles for science fiction.解析：选 D。推理判断题。从第一段的 The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.即幻想世界事物产生的过程和方式基于现实科学，可知 D 项正确。2The secon
9、d paragraph is mainly developed by_.Amaking comparisonsBgiving examplesCfollowing the time orderDanalyzing causes解析：选 B。文章结构题。第二段主要是通过举例的方式阐述了观点。3The target readers of the passage are_.Ayoung scientistsBscience fiction writersCcollege studentsDprofessional journalists解析：选 B。推理判断题。文章多处出现第二人称，如 The wa
10、y things work in your imaginary worlds.，由此可推断出作者在与写科幻小说的人交流。4The passage is mainly about_.Ahow to do scientific researchBhow to raise interest in scienceCwhat to expect from science fictionDhow to write science fiction解析：选 D。主旨大意题。文章主要针对如何写好科幻小说提出了建议。BKelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when h
11、er phone slipped into a sink full of water.Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on，but nothing worked.Her first reaction? She got dressed，drove to the nearest store，and bought a new mobile phone at full price.A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a com
12、mon illness.About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”Interestingly，more women worry about losing their phone than men.Fortunately，theres a solution.The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia.Checking your phone too often is one thing，but the tr
13、ue sign of a problem is that you cant conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe.Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? Thats another sign of a problem.If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour，or a total of an hour per day，there
14、 may be a problem.Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks：leaving the phone behind and not checking email or text messages，and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety.Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress，the solution is to push through the fear
15、and learn to deal with not having your phone.Of course，there are also technological alternatives.Luis Levy，a cofounder at Novy PR，says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone.To find it，he can just go to a website and see the phones location.He a
16、lso insures his phone through a service called Asurion.The companys description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety：“60 million phones are lost，stolen or damaged each year.Youll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with famil
17、y，friends and work，as soon as the very next day！”【解题导语】 手机已成了我们的生活必需品，一旦手机丢失或忘了带，我们就会焦虑不安，这在心理学上叫做“无手机焦虑症” 。文章向我们介绍了无手机焦虑症的治疗方法。5Why does the author mention Kellys experience in the first paragraph?ATo introduce the topic for discussion.BTo inform us that mobile phones are useful.CTo warn us that we
18、 should be careful.DTo tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.解析：选 A。推理判断题。由文章的结构可以看出，第一段所举的例子是为了引出话题：无手机焦虑症。6The underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 means “_”Ahabits of using mobile phonesBfear of losing mobile phonesCeagerness for new mobile phonesDindependence of mobile phones解析：选
19、B。词义猜测题。由画线词前后的 “fear of losing your phone is a common illness”“more women worry about losing their phone than men”可推知，该词的意思是：无手机焦虑症。7Why can the service called Asurion help to treat nomophobia?AIt lets you know other people also lose their phones.BIt will give you a new phone through insurance.CIt
20、enables you to reconnect with your acquaintances.DIt gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia.解析：选 C。细节理解题。最后一段引号内的内容是对 Asurion 服务的描述，由此我们了解到，该服务能让你感到踏实并知道你的手机是安全的，确保你第二天能迅速联系你的家人、朋友、工作单位，由此可知 C 项符合题意。8What is the passage mainly about?AAttitude toward mobile phones.BNew mobile phone technology.C
21、Disadvantages of mobile phones.DSolutions to nomophobia.解析：选 D。主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章在引出了话题：无手机焦虑症后，重点介绍了治疗该症的方法，由此可知答案为 D 项。CClaude Sammut，a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of New South Wales in Australia，said it would soon be possible for robots to defeat the stars of th
22、e future.For many years，Mr.Sammut has been a member of a project called RoboCup，where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.As he explains，the robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on thei
23、r own，but he is still full of confidence that one day in the future they will show the same skills as Wayne Rooney，who is one of the best football players in the world.Mr.Sammut also said， “In 1968，John McCarthy and Donald Michie made a bet with David Levy，who was then the chess champion in Scotland
24、，that within 10 years a computer program would be able to beat him.It took a little bit longer than 10 years(nearly 30 years) but eventually such programs came into being.”“In the same spirit of a grand challenge，RoboCup aims to develop a team of robots that can defeat the world soccer champion team
25、 by the year 2050.To achieve this，or come even closer to the ambition，the robots will have to be able to sense and act in completely unstructured environments.This will require major advances in perception (感知)，decisionmaking，learning，and cooperative behaviors.Considering robots are integrated hardw
26、are and software systems，great advances will also be needed in sensors (传感器)，energy storage，and materials. ”【解题导语】 你相信机器人的球技有一天会超过人类吗？科学家预测在 2050 年，人类最好的足球队将被机器人打败。9The RoboCup is aimed to develop robots that know how to _.Aplay computer football gamesBplay football and win in real matchesCunderstan
27、d the rules of the football gameDimprove the skills of real football players解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第二段 .where robots have been programmed to learn how to play football and compete against others in a football match.即一直在设计着使机器人学会踢足球并在足球赛中与对手比赛，可知 B 项符合语境。10What kind of difficulty are the robots facing in pla
28、ying football?AThey cant run as fast as real people.BThey cant recognize their partners accurately.CThey cant control the ball well by themselves.DThey cant pass the ball to their partners.解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段 .the robots are having difficulty in learning how to control the ball and move the ball on t
29、heir own.可知应选 C。11We can conclude from Mr.Sammuts words that_.Amany parts of robots still need improvingBrobots would be smarter than human beings in the near futureCrobots have more ambitions than human beingsDrobots would take control of the world 解析：选 A。推理判断题。根据最后一段 Mr.Sammut 的那些话可以推断，机器人的很多部件还需要
30、改进。12Whats the best title for this passage? AScientists Wisdom in Designing Robot Football PlayersBRobot Football Players to Beat Worlds Best by 2050CRobot Football PlayersBright FutureDMr Sammutthe Father of Robot Football Players解析：选 B。主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是科学家预测机器人足球队在 2050 年左右会打败人类最好的足球队，故 B 项能体现本文的大意。DS
31、uperfast doubledecker (双层) trains will be taking passengers from London to six big cities in the UK by 2033.The first phase (阶段) linking London to the West Midlands with a connection to HS1 is expected to open in 2026，and the second phase to Manchester and Leeds in 2032.The government set out plans
32、for the highspeed rail network in 2012.When the project is finished，it will take less time to get to London from major cities like Birmingham，Manchester and Leeds.Traveling at speeds of up to 250mph，passengers will be able to come and go from Birmingham to London in 49 minutes，reducing the journey t
33、ime by almost half from one hour and 24 minutes.A journey from Birmingham to Leeds will be reduced from two hours to 57 minutes and a journey from Manchester to London will be reduced from two hours and 8 minutes to one hour and 8 minutes.“HS2 is an important part of transports lowcarbon future， ” T
34、ransport Secretary Justine Greening said.Some people arent happy about the plans，though.HS2 will cost around 33 billion.It will also be built near some towns and villages，disturbing the people that live there.But Chancellor (财政大臣) George Osborne thinks it will help build the future for Britain.“Its
35、a longterm decision， ” he said.HS2 is designed for everything around the needs of the passenger.It will provide a new and exciting travel experience.There will be plenty of room，intelligent ticketing，a good service and high quality comfort and access to trains.This is a transport network for the new
36、 century and beyond.【解题导语】 英国政府决定修建 HS2 高铁，连接伦敦、伯明翰及北部城市。从 2026年起，英国铁路的载客人数和运行速度将获得大幅提升。这一工程将历时 20 年之久，也就是说未来的高铁正在一步一步走入人们的视线。13Whats the UKs plan according to the passage?ATo buy some doubledecker trains.BTo take passengers to Manchester from London.CTo build a highspeed train network.DTo collect 3
37、3 billion for the highspeed train network.解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第一段的描述和第二段的第一句可知英国政府计划修建高铁。故 C 项正确。A、B 选项是这项计划的一部分；D 项叙述错误。14What cannot be inferred from what Justine Greening and George Osborne said?AHS2 is more important than HS1.BNot all British people are happy about the plan.CThe British will benefit
38、from the project in the future.DThe 33 billion will not be enough for the plan.解析：选 A。推理判断题。A 项说第二阶段比第一阶段重要，这一说法在文中找不到支持的证据。根据第四段中 Some people arent happy about the plans 可知并非所有英国人都对这项计划感到高兴，故 B 项可以推断出来；根据第五段中 it will help build the future for Britain 也可推出 C 项正确；根据第四段中 HS2 will cost around 33 billio
39、n 可知这仅是该计划的第二个阶段的费用，而该计划共有两个阶段，所以可得出33 billion 对整个计划来说是不够的。15The passage is most probably taken from_.Aa novel Ba geography bookCa personal diary Da newspaper解析：选 D。推理判断题。文章主要向读者说明了英国政府建造高铁的计划，这很可能是一则新闻，故这篇文章最有可能在报纸上看到。第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。For more than
40、 six million American children，coming home after school means coming to an empty house._16_Some may hide.But all of them have something in common.They spend part of each day alone.They are called latchkey children.Theyre children who look after themselves while their parents work._17_Lynette Long wa
41、s once the headmaster of an elementary school.She said， “We had a school rule against wearing jewelry.A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached.I was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts.There were so many keys.It never came to my mind what they meant.”_18_She and h
42、er husband began talking to the children who had them.They learned of the impact working couples and single parents were having on their children._19_One in every three latchkey children the Longs talked to reported being scared.Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.The most co
43、mmon way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding._20_The second is TV.Theyll often play it at high volume.Its hard to get statistics(统计)on latchkey children，the Longs learned.Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.ASlowly，she learned they were house keys.BBut the
44、y dont mind.CFear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone.DSome deal with the situation by watching TV.ESome go to their friends or their relatives.FAnd their bad condition has become a subject of concern.GIt might be in a shower stall，under a bed or in a closet.答案：1620.DFACG第二部分：英语知识
45、运用(共两节，满分 45 分)第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The concept of solitude (独处)in the digital world is almost nonexistent.In the world of digital technology，email，social networking and online video games，information is meant to be_21_.Solitude can be hard to
46、 discover _22_it has been given up.In this respect，new technologies have _23_our culture.The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n)_24_as weve known it.People have become so _25_in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted _26_theyd rather not be.Today we can
47、 talk，text ，email ，chat and blog(写博客)，not only from our _27_but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become_28_on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it， and at this point not_29_it would make them an outsider._30_，many jobs and careers require people t
48、o be_31_.From this point of view，technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a_32_to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who_33_wants it.Computers can be shut_34_and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many _35_，as well as disadvantages.Travelers have ended up_36_on mountains，and mobile phones have saved countless lives.They can also make people feel_37_and force
