1、Section II Learning about the language一、课前预习I. 重点短语1. 保卫以免受 _2. 仿佛；好像 _3. 相反 _4. 被深深打动 _5. 从开始 _6. 打扫；清理 _7. 冲向 _II. 完成句子：用上面的短语完成下列句子。1. We should _ a persons ability, not what they wear. 我们应该关注一个人的能力而不是她们的穿着。2. Whenever they had free time, they would _ the computer room to use the machine. 他们一有时间就
2、赶到电脑室去用用那台机器。3. By the way, Im going to _ by tomorrow. 顺便说一下，我将在明天把所有的旧文档都清理掉。4. All the villagers took to the boats to _ arriving by sea.全体村民上了船，抵抗海上的来犯者，保卫他们的海岛。5. Trees _ tiny seeds. 树是从小种子开始生长的。6. You didnt bother me. _, I like your company. 你没有打扰我,相反地,我喜欢有你作伴。7. _ unsure of where she was, she h
3、esitated and looked round. 她彷佛茫然不知身在何处, 犹犹豫豫向四周打量.二、语法突破：非谓语动词 - V-ing 形式作定语及状语V-ing 形式V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。主动语态 被动语态一般式 (not) doing (not) being done完成式 (not) having done (not) having been done(一) V-ing 形式作定语1. 单个的 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。1) -ing 形式
4、表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 这类作定语的-ing 形式叫动名词。如：No one is allowed to smoke in the reading room.That is a shop dealing in walking sticks.2) -ing 形式表示 “的” 意思, 表被修饰者的动作或状态，叫现在分词。如：A barking dog seldom bites.The beginning students should be given more encouragement.2. V-ing 形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后。如:They are visitors c
5、oming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. The question being discussed seems important. 3. V-ing 作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能。如：in the following years = in the years that followed the man speaking to the teacher = the man
6、 who is speaking to the teacher即境活用：1. The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added2. The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt _.A. frightening; frightened B. frig
7、htened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frightening3. Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept4. The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake 5. They set out _ for the _ boy.A. searching;
8、losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing(二) V-ing 做状语1. V-ing 在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词或副词，通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件或伴随情况等。使用时要注意各种形式变化：Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out.原因状语，hear 和 rush out 几乎同时发生。We sat by the window, talking about what had happened.伴随状语，talk 和 sit
9、 同时发生。 Thinking it over, you will not take the job. 条件状语，Not having received the answer, he wrote again.原因状语，receive 发生在 write 之前。Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.原因状语，be there 在 offer 之前发生。 Being poor, the little Tom cant continue his school. 原因状语，Being used by me now, the b
10、ike cant be lent to you.原因状语，主句从句动作同时发生。2. V-ing 作状语相当于一个状语从句的句法功能，如：(1) 时间状语Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.= While he was waiting for the bus,
11、 he read a copy of China Daily.(2) 原因状语Being ill, he didnt go to school.= Because/As he was ill, he didnt go to school.Being a student, you should study hard.= Since you are a student, you should study hard.Thinking he might be at home, I called him.= As I thought he might be at home, I called him.(
12、3) 方式、伴随情况等状语：He sat on the sofa, watching TV. = He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.He stood leaning against the wall.= He stood and leaned against the wall.中华资源库 来源：(4) 结果状语Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.= Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brothe
13、r.The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.= The song is sung all over the country, which makes it the most popular song.(5) 条件状语Using your head, you will find a way. = If you use your head, you will find a way.Walking ahead, you will see a white house.= If you walk ahe
14、ad, you will see a white house.3. V-ing 与逻辑主语构成独立主格：分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不构成主谓关系时, 要用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个逻辑主语。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.中华资源库 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用 with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With
15、 the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。4. V-ing 作独立成分：Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。Supposing that something would go wrong, what would you do then?假如出现什么问题，你打算如何应对？即境活用：I. 根据 A 句完成 B 句, 使两句意思不变。1. A: When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder an
16、d kissed her.B: _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. 2. A: The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.B: The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.3. A: The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. B: The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book abo
17、ut body language.4. A: Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.B: _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.5. A: She sat at the desk and did her homework.B: She sat at the desk _ _ _.来源：6. A: After they had done their homework, the children played football. B: _ _
18、_ _, the children played football. 7. A: If you work hard, you will do well in the exam.B: _ _, you will do well in the exam.8. A: The boy fell so that he struck his head against the door and cut it. B: The boy fell, _ _ _ against the door and _ _. 9. A: She sat there and stared at the ceiling.B: Sh
19、e sat there, _ _ _ _. 10. A: Although he is not rich, he helped the poor generously.B: _ _ _, he helped the poor generously. II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Not _ (know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when _ (cross) the street.3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly
20、 hurt.4. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed.5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _ (read) , “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”6. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water.7. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.III.
21、改错1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily poin
22、ted to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.三、课后自测（一）基础知识自测 I. 单词拼写 1. She demonstrated how best to _ (保卫) oneself.2. His _ (声明) made an unprecedented splash.3. At the same t
23、ime he joined an _ (团体).4. Im sorry, I must _ (奔跑) away now, Im already late for the concert.5. If I am having a holiday, also I possibly travel in _(意大利).II单项选择1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compa
24、red C. comparing D. having compared2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said 3. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A. waited B. to
25、wait C. waiting D. wait 4. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally5. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffer
26、ed6. The student sat there, _ what to A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowing7. _ the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door.A. Playing B. When I was playingC. Repairing D. Examining 8. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when
27、taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken9. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A. Not completing B. Not completedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed10. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked
28、 D. having looked（二）能力提升自测1. Few of us think that is an effective _ to deal with this problem.A. way B. means C. method D. approach2. Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is _ to rain soon.A. probable B. possible C. likely D. perhaps3. - Peter has always been spoken highly of by his colleagues.- That
29、s why he has been elected _ manager of his company.A. generous B. gentle C. general D. genetic4. The new model is one _ to teaching information literacy skills.A. attitude B. appearance C. approach D. altitude5. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D.
30、being hung6. The problem _ at the meeting now is how to help the local economy develop quickly.A. discussing B. discuss C. being discussed D. to be discussed7. _ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the cheque in the car.A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited
31、 D. To have waited8. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown9. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked10. _ that she was going off to
32、 sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen11. _ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked12. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what
33、I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved13. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launched14. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma w
34、ould come to see him soon.A. said B. says C. saying D. to say15. He is a student at Oxford University, _ for a degree in computer science.A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying（三）智能拓展训练I. 阅读理解 With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, bu
35、t also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps (处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke a
36、round with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I dont know the person Im joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in eve
37、rything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.I know of a few people that dont have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be
38、 rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They dont get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?L
39、aughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to byp
40、ass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.1. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that _.A. it makes people more confidentB. it can pick up people s spiritsC. i
41、t can help get rid of the cruelty in the worldD. it can help people get on well with others2. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with _.A. facts and descriptions B. evidence and argumentC. examples and conclusion D. stories and persuasion3. The phrase “busting a gut“ in the thir
42、d paragraph can be replaced by _.A. explaining carefully B. speaking loudC. keeping silent D. laughing hard4. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to _.A. talk about his own understanding of humorB. encourage people to be humorous in daily lifeC. introduce a practical way to get through
43、 daily lifeD. convince people of the power of being optimistic about life5. What is the authors attitude towards the present world?中华资源库 A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent.II. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Students will need to use all of their skills in order to understand the reading selections in Readers Choice1 These selections provide practice on employing different reading skills to get the message of the writerThey also give students practice in four ba
