1、专题 08 完形智慧训练-如何提炼完形文章的主线与主旨【理论回顾】从近三年来全国及各省高考英语试卷来看， “完形填空”试题的命制基本上遵循了“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路。 完形填空的选材通常是记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动方面的细致描写，篇章与句子结构变化丰富，文章内容健康、时尚，将知识、文化、教育、趣味融为一体，即：时代感突出，生活化明显，寓教于乐。每段首尾句是解题关键，文章中最后一句通常为积极的态度或观点。考生在做完形填空时，要遵循的总则是在把握整篇文章的基础上对句子内部的情况进行分析。首先，每段的首尾句是考生必读，这可帮助考生预测主题，判断文体。完
2、形填空短文没有标题，首句也不设空，所以要必读首句。第二段的首句、第一段的尾句及整篇文章的尾句（文章的主题句有时在第二自然段的句首，有时在第一自然段的句尾或整篇文章的句尾） ，也是考生首先要关注的。借助首尾句提示，考生要跳过空格，快速把短文从头至尾读一遍，进一步从整体上理解短文大意。在速读全文的基础上理清文章主线，从而把握主旨 。最后，考生要带着已选答案，迅速通读全文。这里考生要着眼一个“通”字，即保证语义通顺，逻辑顺畅，符合作者情感历程轨迹。如果觉得不通顺，要仔细考虑重点突破，重新考虑所选选项。分析上下文情景，注意词汇与话题的同现1.（Father）“Kate and John, a frie
3、nd ofmine is coming here to see me this evening,and Iwish to bewith him.Will you go up toyour own room?“ We_,went to our roomand closed the door.A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied分析：考生首先要了解动词的结构功能（vi./vt./ linkv.接什么样的宾语，能否接复合宾语，接什么样的复合宾语） 。但是，结构也是为意思服务的，在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的，所以要分析上下文情
4、景。此题选 C。上文中，父亲吩咐她们上楼到自己的房间去，她们去了，说明按父亲的吩咐做了，所以选 C。找出“词汇的复现”2.First of all, he was a window- cleanerand in his firstweek he managed to_ sixwindows.A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean分析：一个完整的语篇，一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章结构技巧。作者借助于篇章技巧成文，学生在复现作者的语言时同样可以借助篇章技巧。 “词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、概
5、括词（总分关系）以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现（其中一种表达是对另一种的解释） 。具体指某一词以原词，指代词，同义词，反义词、同源词、概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后，并起到了衔接全文的作用。本题即是同源词复现，由 window- cleaner 可知为 clean thewindow。所以答案为 D。3.I had wanted to become president of Student Council t
6、o make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeffs team. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of his . The fact that it has made a difference in other peoples lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!A. luck B. spirit C. life D. success【解析】 D 本文
7、讲到在参加学生会主席竞选初选落选后，“我”受邀参加了曾经是对手的 Jeff 的竞选团队，并在其中发挥了很大的作用，帮助 Jeff 竞选成功，也得到了启发：不管是在什么位置上，只要自己发挥了作用，这就是真正的奖励，并会给自己带来美好的感受。本题说我也是他成功中的一部分，所以选择 success。4.I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my _ couldnt. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, Ive sent her a
8、Fathers Day card.A. teachers B. mother C. father D. friends【解析】本文讲述，“我”出生没多久父亲就去世了，是姨妈 Mrion 一直充当着父亲的角色，带“我”成长，所以在过去的 40 年里，“我”每天都要送父亲节贺卡给她，以表达“我”不断加深的感激之情。故本题选 C。【想一想】完形填空第一句是否设计空？【练一练】1There is an old Spanish Proverb which states, “Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week“. How many times hav
9、e we 21 dreams until tomorrow? Id say too many. Our dreams should not, and cannot 22 . We have to go for them now! Here is why. As you know, tomorrow is not promised. Nobody likes to talk about death, but the 23 is: everybody is going to die at one point. 24 of us know the day, or the hour. 25 , tod
10、ay is all we have. Dont go to your grave with 26 dreams. Make the 27 to go after every dream, big or small right now.Unless you take the first step, your dreams will never 28 . You can 29 about writing the great American play, but its never going to happen unless you actually put pen to 30 . You can
11、 dream about finding a cure 31 cancer, but it will never happen unless you actually go to school to become 32 with the necessary tools to find that cure. In other words, dreams dont work unless you do. They 33 you to get your head out of the clouds, and actually do the work to make them happen. You
12、cant let fear win. One of the biggest dream 34 is fear. There are so many people who could 35 amazing things if only they werent afraid. Just think about all the things youve wanted to do, but allowed fear to 36 you of the fact that you werent capable, or good enough. In the movie After Earth, Will
13、Smiths character says, “Fear is not 37 . It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is what exists. But fear is a choice.“ Choose not to let fear 38 you from achieving your dreams.Imagine how much 39 youll be if youre living the life you always dreamed about. The only th
14、ing that is stopping you is you. There are so many amazing 40 and people waiting for you. So dont keep your dreams waiting. Go after them today!21.【小题 1】 A. put off B. take off C. set off D. see off 22.【小题 2】 A. stop B. disappear C. show D. wait23.【小题 3】 A. theory B. puzzle C. reality D. concern24.【
15、小题 4】 A. None B. Nobody C. All D. Neither25. 【小题 5】A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Otherwise26.【小题 6】 A. unfulfilled B. unsatisfied C. undone D. unreasonable27.【小题 7】 A. choice B. decision C. mistake D. difference28. 【小题 8】A. realize B. recognize C. come true D. come out29. 【小题 9】A. think B. t
16、alk C. walk D. dream30. 【小题 10】A. wood B. paper C. book D. iron31. 【小题 11】A. of B. as C. to D. for32. 【小题 12】A. equipped B. matched C. filled D. compared33. 【小题 13】A. request B. order C. require D. command34.【小题 14】 A. supporters B. friends C. killers D. opponents35. 【小题 15】A. achieve B. have achiev
17、ed C. lose D. have lost36.【小题 16】 A. tell B. convince C. persuade D. remind37.【小题 17】 A. lovely B. acceptable C. false D. real38.【小题 18】 A. save B. shelter C. stop D. protect39. 【小题 19】A. excited B. happier C. upset D. more crazy40. 【小题 20】A. advantages B. information C. opportunities D. dangers2I u
18、sed to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didnt like attention drawn to myself.And 1 otherwise assigned (指定) a seat by the teacher,I always 2 to sit at the back of the classroom. All this 3 after I joined a sports team.It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team
19、.At first I thought it was a crazy 4 because I didnt have a good sense of balance,nor did I have the 5 to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me.But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “ 6 for it”,I wouldnt have decided to give it a try. Getting up the courage to go to th
20、e tryouts was only the 7 of it!When I first started 8 the practice sessions,I didnt even know the rules of the game,much 9 what I was doing.Sometimes Id get 10 and take a shot at the wrong directionwhich made me feel really stupid. 11 ,I wasnt the only one “new” at the game,so I decided to 12 on lea
21、rning the game,do my best at each practice session,and not be too hard on myself for the things I didnt 13 “just yet”. I practiced and practiced.Soon I knew the 14 and the “moves”.Being part of a team was fun and motivating.Very soon the competitive 15 in me was winning over my lack of confidence.Wi
22、th time,I learned how to play and made friends in the 16 friends who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player.I never had so much fun! With my 17 self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates.I have gone from “ 18 ”in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call a
23、ttention to myself, 19 raising my handeven when I sometimes wasnt 100 percent 20 I had the right answer.Now I have more self-confidence in myself. 1.A.as B.until C.unless D.though2.A.hoped B.agreed C.meant D.chose3.A.continued B.changed C.settled D.started4.A.idea B.plan C.belief D.saying5.A.right B
24、.chance C.ability D.patience6.A.going B.looking C.cheering D.applying7.A.point B.half C.rest D.basis8.A.enjoying B.preparing C.attending D.watching9.A.less B.later C.worse D.further10.A.committed B.motivated C.embarrassed D.confused11.A.Interestingly B.Fortunately C.Obviously D.Hopefully12.A.focus B
25、.act C.rely D.try13.A.want B.do C.support D.know14.A.steps B.orders C.rules D.games15.A.role B.part C.mind D.value16.A.process B.operation C.movement D.situation17.A.expressed B.improved C.preserved D.recognized18.A.dreaming B.playing C.relaxing D.hiding19.A.by B.for C.with D.to20.A.lucky B.happy C.
26、sure D.satisfied【乐一乐】Little Robert asked his mother for two cents. “What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?“I gave it to a poor old woman,“ he answered.“Youre a good boy,“ said the mother proudly. “Here are two cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?“She is the one who sells the candy.“好孩子小罗伯特向妈妈要两分钱。“昨天给你的钱干什么了？”“我给了一个可怜的老太婆，”他回答说。 “你真是个好孩子，”妈妈骄傲地说。“再给你两分钱。可你为什么对那位老太太那么感兴趣呢？”“她是个卖糖果的。”
