1、www.TopS欢迎您!大家论坛 club.TopS 免费资料下载,方便快捷,尽在大家论坛http:/club.TopS高考写作专题篇章结构3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态,如一般过去时。记叙文的篇章结构:开头 the beginning交待必要的背景。如:时间、地点、人物等。中间 the middle交待故事情节(事情的主体)。如:事件的发生、发展和前因后果。(可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词,使文章连贯。 如:at firstthenfew minutes later)结尾 the ending事情的结果或感想、愿望等。(所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系,起到扣题或点题的作用,使文
2、章结构紧凑)。例如 NEMT2000假设你是李华,正在美国探亲。2000 年 2 月 8 日清晨,你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料,报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。注意:1. 目击者应该准确报告事实2. 词数 100 左右3. 结尾已为你写好_About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.Li Hua要点解析:仔细观察所提供的图画,寻找记叙文的写作要点。1. 时间:2000 年 2 月 8 日2. 地点:公园路公园门前3. 人物及场景
3、:我正沿公园路向东走4. 事件发生:一辆汽车从第三街向右拐,驶入公园路时撞倒了一位过街的老人。www.TopS欢迎您!大家论坛 club.TopS 免费资料下载,方便快捷,尽在大家论坛http:/club.TopS5. 发展:汽车未停,沿公园路向西开走6. 具体信息:汽车是黄色的,车牌号是 AC864,司机是一位女性。It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8,2000. I was (时间、地点、人物)walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the
4、park on the other side of the street. Then I saw (事件的发生和发展)a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he wascrossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didnt stop but (高潮)drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the d
5、river was ayoung woman and the plate number was AC 864. About two (结尾)minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.(三)说明文体:说明文是以说明的方式用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。说明文体的写作要点:1. 抓住事物特征,安排好说明顺序,可以按时间顺序、空间顺序、或逻辑顺序(先因后果或先果后因),让读者一目了然。2. 说明时要做到条理清楚,层次分明,语言简练,用词准确。3. 说明文只是
6、客观地介绍、解释事物,不带任何感情色彩,不需要生动的例证和解释细节。4. 文章的时态通常是一般现在时,用于强调客观事实,被动语态也比较常见。说明文的篇章结构:开头 the beginning对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍 (如:说明缘由)主体 the main body按照题目提供的信息分层次,按一定顺序进行说明,注意语言客观而简明,说明内容在层次和顺序上具有内在的逻辑性。结尾 the ending一两句收尾的句子,表示说明到此为止。( 如题目没有特殊要求,不要写个人对此事物的看法或观点。)(NEMT2005 全国)假设你是李华,最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。 以下是你所
7、在班级讨论的情况。 请你给该报写一封信,反映讨论结果。赞成迁出: 反对迁出:1. 顾客多, 交通堵塞2. 郊区环境好1. 建于 1906 年,中外闻名2. 搬迁易造成动物死亡注意:1. 词数 100 左右,信的开头已为你写好。2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3. 参考词汇:郊区suburbJuly 5, 2005Dear Editor,www.TopS欢迎您!大家论坛 club.TopS 免费资料下载,方便快捷,尽在大家论坛http:/club.TopSRecently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether
8、the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city._Yours truly, Li Hua要点解析:有两种意见:1. 赞成的人的理由:1)顾客多,交通堵塞;2)郊区环境好2. 反对的人的理由:1)建于 1906 年,中外闻名;2)搬迁易造成动物死亡表达时注意理由的递进关系和因果关系.Dear Editor,Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some (开头:交待
9、讨论主题)of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large (有的人赞成迁出)crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They (赞成的理由 1)also say that once moved, animals will have more space and (赞成的理由 2)better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea,
10、saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is (有的人反对迁出)well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. (反对理由 1)Whats more, moving may cause the death of some animals. (反对理由 2)To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Bei
11、jing. Yours truly, (结尾:仍需作决定 )Li Hua(四)应用文体:应用文体是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、履历表等都是常见的应用文体。应用文体的写作要点:1. 应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范,有它们特定的语言表达方式,在平时就要积累不同文体的常见套话。(如开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当,符合文体特点。)2. 应用文的目的在于传达给众人基本信息,如理由、时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等,在写作时要注意这些要点的明确体现。3. 应用文的语言重在实用,力求语言平实、准确、简洁,句子不要过长,让读者一眼就明白文章想要表达的要点。4. 不同的文
12、体会采用不同的时态,如:日记一般用过去时,通知和请柬采用一般现在时和将来时等。应用文体的篇章结构:开头:the beginning 不同的应用文会有不同的开篇套话来交待事由。如:书信I am glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked me about Here is my idea.Many thanks for your last kind letter. In your letter www.TopS欢迎您!大家论坛 club.TopS 免费资料下载,方便快捷,尽在大家论坛http:/club.TopS通知Ladies a
13、nd gentlemen, may I have your attention please? I have something important to tell you.日记This afternoon, I went to 求职信I wish to apply for the position of 主体:the main body用简单明了的语言将试题提示用英语表达出来,包含全部的基本信息。表达顺序基本为时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等。结尾:the ending用不同文体的套话来结束文章。如:书信I am looking forward to hearing from you soon
14、.Please give my regard to your family.通知Thats all. Thank you very much.日记Though we were very tired, we felt very happy.求职信If you consider my application, please let me know. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thanks a lot.(NEMT2004 全国)假设你是李华,你的美国老师 Miss Morgan 要求你们明天下午去听一个美国历史的讲座。你因故不能参加。请你根据
15、以下要点,写一封信向 Miss Morgan 请假。内容要点:1. 表示歉意2. 理由:去机场接人3. 询问:是否有录音,以便补听讲座注意:1. 词数 100 字2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯Dear Miss Morgan, _Yours sincerely,Li Hua 解析:短文必须包括的要点:1. 对听讲座请假并表示歉意2. 机场接人3. 是否有录音4. 补听录音篇章解析:Possible version:Dear Miss Morgan,I am so sorry that I wont be able to attend the lecture on (表明对听讲座
16、请假) American history tomorrow afternoon. My uncle is returning (请假缘由)home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. I am very much interested in American society and history. (询问讲座录音的事)I wonder if it is possible for the talk to be recorded. And if so, could I borrow the tape? It would mean a great deal to me to (希望补听录音)listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. Yours sincerely,www.TopS欢迎您!大家论坛 club.TopS 免费资料下载,方便快捷,尽在大家论坛http:/club.TopS