1、 Section Grammar _recently;_for_two_years;_since 引导的从句；_just。(3)由句可知，have /has_been_to 表示“曾经去过(某地)”；have/has_gone _to 表示“已经去了(某地)” 。现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在有关系，即用一个过去的动作来说明现在的情况。一、现在完成时的构成1基本形式：have/hasdone(过去分词)2被动形式：have/hasbeen done(过去分词)3否定形式：have/hasnot done( 过去分词)4疑问形式：Have/Has .done(过去分词).?完成句子简已经
2、告诉我那个消息了。Jane has told me the news.已经告诉我会议的时间了。I have been told the time of the meeting.他已经去北京了吗？Has he gone to Beijing?你还没交作业呢。You have not handed in your homework yet.二、现在完成时的用法1表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。往往与表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如 already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately 等。还常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如 ofte
3、n, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasions 等。Tom has already made much progress in his learning of Chinese.汤姆在汉语学习方面已取得了很大的进步。2表示过去已经开始，持续到现在(可能还会继续下去) 的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：these days, this year, now, for时间段，since时间点等。I have lived here since I came to this city.自从我来到这个城市就住在这儿了。关键一点 短暂
4、性动词可以用于现在完成时，但是在肯定句中不可以与表示时间段的状语连用；必须与表示时间段的状语连用时要用相应的延续性动词或表示状态的词代替。I have kept/had the new car for a month.我这辆新车买了一个月了。(此时不能用 bought)Mr. Black has been back to China twice since 2006.布莱克先生自 2006 年以来曾两次回到中国。(此时不能用 come back)3在时间或条件等状语从句中，常用现在完成时代替将来完成时。Ill go home as soon as Ive finished my homewor
5、k.我一做完作业就回家。21.用所给词的适当形式填空He has _left (leave) the city already.They have never quarreled (quarrel) for money.Up to the present everything has _been (be) successful.She has_studied (study) English for about six years.22.单句改错His father has died for two years. diedbeen_deadPlease turn off the TV; it h
6、as begun for three hours.begunbeen _on23.完成句子我们已经半个月没从学校图书馆借书了。We havent_borrowed_books from school library for half a month.车停稳了再下车。Dont get off the bus until it_has_stopped.三、现在完成时的几个固定句型1在 This/It is the first (second, third .) time that .句型中， that 从句要用现在完成时。2在 It is/has been .since .句型中，主句常用现在完成
7、时，也可以用一般现在时，但since 从句一定用一般过去时。It is/has been two years since I joined the army.从我参军到现在已二年了。四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时只表示在过去某时发生的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时则强调到目前为止动作的完成及其结果、影响，与现在有联系。She has lived in Paris for twenty years.她在巴黎住了 20 年了。(可能刚搬走，还可能继续住下去)She lived in Paris for twenty years.她在巴黎住了 20 年。(现在已经不在那里住了 )31.用所
8、给词的适当形式填空I visited (visit) this school last year. I have_visited (visit) the school recently.He got_up (get up) very early this morning.I have_taught (teach) here for fifteen years.32.完成句子这是我今天第二次遇见她了。Its the second time that_I_have_met_her today.自从我来这儿已经六年了。It_is/has_been_six_years_since I came her
9、e.感悟高考1(2012江西高考)Look! Somebody _ the sofa.Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.Ais cleaning Bwas cleaningChas cleaned Dhad cleaned解析：考查时态。从后面的回答可以看出事情已经完成了，前面一句是着重谈对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时态。句意：“看，有人已经清理了沙发。 ”“恩，不是我，我没有做。 ”答案：C2(2012湖南高考)I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano f
10、or me?Sorry, I _ the piano for years.Adont play Bwasnt playingChavent played Dhadnt played解析：考查时态。句意：“我记得在大学时，你是一位极有天赋的钢琴手。你能为我弹奏钢琴吗？” “对不起，我已经多年不弹钢琴了。 ”由句意可知，选现在完成时。现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作对现在有影响或结果。答案：C3(2012浙江高考)Alvin, are you coming with us?Id love to, but something unexpected _.Ahas come up Bwas coming
11、 upChad come up Dwould come up解析：考查动词的时态。句意：“Alvin ，你会跟我们来吗？” “我想去，但出了点没料到的事情。 ”此处表示“过去发生的情况对现在的影响( 我去不了了) ”，所以用现在完成时。答案：A4(2011天津高考)In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world.Ahave produced Bhave been producedCare producing Dare being produced解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上
12、万部电影。 ”in the last few years 在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志，本句的主语是 film, 所以要用被动语态。答案：B5(2009陕西高考)This is the first time we_a film in the cinema together as a family.Asee Bhad seenCsaw Dhave seen解析：考查时态。It/This is the first/second time (that).该句型的从句部分用现在完成时，但如果是 It/This was the first/second time (tha
13、t).则从句需要用过去完成时。答案：D.冲关演练1Over the past decades, sea ice_ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. Ahas decreased BdecreasedChas been decreasing Dis decreasing解析：句意：在过去几十年里，由于全球变暖，海洋冰川减少已经波及北冰洋。时间状语是 over the past decades“在过去的几十年里” ，要用现在完成时。答案：A2What is the price of petrol these days?Oh, it _shar
14、ply since last month. Ais raised Bhas risen Chas arisen Dis increased 解析：句意：“汽油的价格这几天怎么样？” “噢，自从上个月，它急剧上升” 。根据since last month 可知应用现在完成时。 答案：C3Up to now, the program_thousands of children.Awould save BsavesChad saved Dhas saved解析：句意：截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万个孩子的生命。up to now 是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。答案：D4_
15、Since two years ago.AHow long have you joined Greener China?BHow long did you join Greener China?CWhen did you join Greener China?DHow long have you been with Greener China?解析：Since two years ago. 表示的是时间段，因此问题问的应该是多长时间，答案在A、B 和 D 项之间选。 由于动词 join 是瞬间动词，无延续性，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，故选 D 项。答案：D5The construction
16、 of the two new railway lines _ by now.Ahas been completed Bhave been completedChas completed Dhave completed解析：by now 意为“到现在为止” ，常与现在完成时连用，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作。句子的主语是 the construction，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。the construction 是complete 动作的被执行者，所以要用被动语态。答案：A6Good morning, I wonder if you can help. I _my coat.Oh, wher
17、e did you lose it, madam?Ahave lost BlostChad lost Dlose解析：句意：“早上好，我想你是不是能帮我个忙，我的外套丢了。 ”“噢，你在哪里丢的呢，夫人？”由题干可知，外套还没有找到，所以 lose 这个动作对现在造成的影响还未消除，故要用现在完成时态。答案：A7How long have you been in this office?Just a few minutes. I _ here together with my cousin.Ahave walked Bhad walkedChave been walked Dwalked解析：
18、句意：“你在办公室呆了多长时间了？” “就几分钟。我和我的表兄弟一起来的。”由题干可知，我现在在办公室，所以“走”这个动作发生在进办公室之前，也就是说发生在过去。故选 D 项。答案：D8Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?No, I_it for two years. Ahad Bhave hadCbought Dhave bought解析：句意：“哦，金夫人，你的项链看上去真好，是新的吗？” “不，我已经买了两年多了。 ”根据“for two years” 可知，要用完成时态；由于 buy 是非延续性动词，所以用had 表示 b
19、ought。答案：B9Where is Mr Zhang?He_London.Ahas been to Bhas beenChas gone Dhas gone to 解析：句意：“张先生在哪里？” “他已经去了伦敦。 ”has gone to “已经去了某个地方” ； has been to “曾经去过某个地方” ； has been 和 has gone 表示去某个地方时要加 to。答案：D10I have been seeking what I want all these years, but_ I have achieved nothing.Auntil then Bup to no
20、wCfrom now on Dright now解析：句意：这些年来我一直在追求我想要的东西，但是至今一无所获。根据谓语动词的时态是现在完成时可判断选 up to now“直到现在” 。until then“直到那时” ； from now on “从现在起” ；right now “现在” 。答案：B如何介绍某一地区写此类文章应遵循以下原则：1定内容，突出特点内容一般应包括该地区的位置、面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等，但是一定要抓住该地区的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。也可介绍一下生活在这个地区的人们的情况，他们的日常生活和工作状况及待人接物方面的事情，以及该地区特有的风土人情。还
21、可突出介绍随着社会的迅速发展，现代新科技给该地区人们的生活带来的变化，侧重人们精神面貌的描写。2定顺序，找好中心点要遵循一定的写作顺序，描述该地区的位置时，首先要找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先总体后局部，或按照一定的时间层次或空间层次来写。描述时可以适当使用过渡性连接词。3定时态，找准入手点此类文章一般用一般现在时，如描述过去，则用一般过去时，如果描述现在的变化，会用到现在完成时。总之，要根据所描述的是过去、现在还是将来，找准入手点，定好主体时态。1位置：It is/lies/is located/is situated in the east of .2面积：It covers an ar
22、ea of ./Its area is .3人口：It has a population of about ./over ./Its population is ./It has a large/small population.4历史：It has a long history of about .years./It is a(n) .place/country with .history.5气候：Whats the weather like？/The climate is pleasant/The average temperature is ./The coldest months ar
23、e .6特色：It is famous /wellknown as/for ./It is rich in all kinds of natural resources.7名胜：It has many places of interest such as ./They make the city a tourist attraction both at home and abroad./It has many places of interest，among which is ./.is famous/wellknown as .8问题：But not all is so satisfacto
24、ry./However, there are still some problems./To our disappointment，the economy development didnt cause the environment improvement.9看法/建议：In my opinion，the pollution should be brought under control./As far as I am concerned，we should develop our economy smoothly./I suggest/advise that the number of p
25、rivate cars should be limited./Should we give up our childrens future only for our own interests?题目要求下列四幅图画描绘了你们在农村的所见所闻。请根据下面四幅图所示的内容，介绍一下你的家乡。注意：1、词数：120 左右2运用想象，可适当发挥一、对接单元词汇1家乡：hometown2有能力支付：afford3迷人的：fascinating4吸引：attract5许多：a_great _many6旅游者：tourist7建筑：architecture8就业，工作：employment二、巧用单元句型、
26、语法1我离开家乡已十年了。It has_been_10 _years_since I left my hometown.I left _my_hometown 10 years ago.I have_been_away_from_my_hometown for 10 years.2这是我第一次回来。This is_the_first_time_that_I_have_come_back.3河水清澈，上面架有桥梁，使得交通便利。Rivers are clean. There are bridges over them. These bridges make the traffic conveni
27、ent.Rivers are clean with_bridges_over_them,_which makes the traffic convenient.4他们住在装有优质家具的漂亮房子里。They are living in the beautiful houses which_are_equipped_with_fine_furniture.(定语从句)They are living in the pretty houses equipped with fine furniture.(过去分词短语)三、尝试用单元所学知识连句成篇My hometown is a small town.
28、It has a population of about 200 thousand and covers an area of about 360 square kilometers.It is at the foot of a mountain.In front of the town lies a big river.It has been 10 years since I left my hometown.This is the first time that I have come back, I find that she has changed a lot.Hills are co
29、vered with trees and gardens filled with flowers. Rivers are clean with bridges over them, which makes the traffic very convenient. Peasants afford to build new houses and buy good furniture.They are living in the beautiful houses equipped with fine furniture. Peasants are paying special attention to their cultural life.They look more energetic and younger for their age.All these fascinating scenes attract a great many tourists.They come to enjoy the scenery and architecture, which leads to a number of people getting employment.In my opinion, my hometown will get better and better.
