1、Unit 1 Great scientistsI. 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中，选出最佳选项。Communication is part of our everyday life. Humans are social beings and we need to 1 with other people. When we communicate, we can make use of both 2 and written language. But are they 3 ? The answer is No. Sometimes we
2、have to communicate by using body movements instead of 4 . This is called body language. Body language is very important in our lives for several 5 . Firstly, it makes our communication more colorful. Its really 6 to imagine a conversation without any body language 7 . How dull and boring it will be
3、 to just talk without any gestures, facial expressions 8 any other body movements！Body language makes our talking more 9 and interesting.Secondly, it makes our communication more 10 . Sometimes a gesture or a facial expression can make us more easily and quickly understood. 11 a good speaker for exa
4、mple: his or her body movements will help him or her leave a deeper and stronger impression on 12 .Finally, sometimes we 13 to use body language. On some occasions, we are not allowed to speak _14_. Examples of this are in the library or in the 15 classroom. Then body language will be _16_ necessary
5、. Also, when we meet someone in the street, there is no need for us to 17 for a chat, so a nod or wave of hand may be OK.Your body language sends a strong message to others, so be aware that 18 you have your arms folded across your chest while you talk, you are 19 others out, for example. If you are
6、 having an interview, _20_ your body language, ask good questions, and convey confidence and enthusiasm. Your body language indicates your level of self-esteem. So understanding body language is a crucial (决定性的) part of meeting someone new and can not be overlooked.1. A. argue B. work C. sleep D. li
7、ve2. A. body B. native C. spoken D. foreign3. A. enough B. good C. correct D. useful4. A. sentences B. messages C. words D. noises5. A. times B. reasons C. occasions D. places6. A. pleasant B. common C. dying D. hard7. A. involved B. made C. talked D. told8. A. and B. but C. so D. or9. A. alive B. l
8、ively C. silent D. difficult10. A. complicated B. reasonable C. effective D. interesting11. A. Set B. Take C. Make D. Turn12. A. readers B. students C. listeners D. people13. A. have B. like C. ought D. get14. A. quickly B. secretly C. loudly D. publicly15. A. empty B. bright C. large D. quiet16. A.
9、 much B. quite C. more D. hardly17. A. hurry B. stop C. sit D. catch18. A. though B. unless C. until D. if19. A. making B. showing C. shutting D. carrying20. A. send B. talk C. give D. mindII. 阅读理解A(2016浙江)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem
10、 to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playingright? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than o
11、ne might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用): bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require su
12、pport to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects i
13、nteract. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists sugges
14、t that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this waythat they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come t
15、o accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring l
16、ook at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies
17、with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychol
18、ogists put it, It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.1. According to some developmental psychologists, .A. a babys play is nothing more than a gameB. scientific research into babies games is possibleC. the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investi
19、gatedD. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment2. We learn from Paragraph 2 that .A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB. scientists and babies often interact with each otherC. babies are born with the knowledge of object supportD. babies seem to collect e
20、vidence just as scientists do3. Children may learn the rules of language by .A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychologyC. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents behaviors4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The world may be more clearly explain
21、ed through childrens play.B. Studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.5. What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection
22、 between scientists research and babies play?A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confident. D. Cautious.B根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Create Trust in a RelationshipTrust in a relationship leads to feelings of connectedness(联通性) and safety. It is built on each person understanding the o
23、ther, being honest and making a sincere effort to keep the relationship strong.6 By matching your actions to your words, you will create more trust in a relationship. If you are all talk and have no action, the other person will begin to lose faith in you and not believe you when you say you are goi
24、ng to do something. Your words must go with your actions.Keep the other person informed. Open communication builds trust. 7 Making him guess what you want does not create trust it creates confusion, false assumptions and misunderstandings. Be open with each other and include one another in your plan
25、s and decision-making.Stop thinking about the past and live in the present. When you keep records of what the other did in the past that upset you, you will never be able to move forward and have a trusting and healthy relationship. Trust is earned, and it works both ways. 8 If you are unable to do
26、this, trust will never be achieved, and the relationship will suffer.9 You may have fallen into a pattern of lying to cover up your wrongdoing. Continuing on this path will come to no good. When asked a question, be as truthful in your answer as you humanly can. The truth may or may not meet with yo
27、ur partners approval, but this is necessary in order to rebuild trust in your relationship.Work on creating trust with one another at all times. 10 Consider it your job to be open and trustworthy and work on it. The more time you give the relationship, the more opportunities you will have to show yo
28、ur trust and honesty. Be mindful of each others attempts to be honest, and trust will build over time.A. Tell the truth.B. Ask questions.C. Do what you say you are going to do.D. It does not happen overnight and takes time.E. Be willing to forgive each other and move on.F. Let the other person know
29、how you feel and what you are thinking.G. Without trust in your relationship, failure is sure to follow.III. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词；删除：把多余的词用斜线() 划掉；修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改 10 处，多
30、者( 从第 11 处起)不计分。It is good to see that today more people have realized the importance exercising and are playing sports regular. But the problem is that there are not enough sports facilities to meet the public growing demand. I love playing basketball and often play with my friends on weekends. The
31、refore, it is difficult to rent a basketball field and possible to find a free one. It seems that all courts in the city were always full. Weather permitted, we can play in outdoors. But on rainy days or in winter we have to turn to indoor courts. There are not much in my city, and the charge is hig
32、h. The government should build more public sports facilities, so easier access will encourage more people to participating in sports.IV. 书面表达网络时代有些孩子沉溺于网上聊天而忽视了与父母的沟通。请根据下面的图画，简要说明图画中所表达的内容，阐述产生这种现象的原因和你的看法。写一篇 120 字左右的短文。_I. 完形填空【文章大意】本文从三个方面论述了肢体语言的重要性，并告诉读者要注意自身的肢体语言表达，更好地理解其内在意义。1. D A. argue 争论
33、；B. work 工作；C. sleep 睡觉；D. live 生活。根据上文，可知人类是社会存在，需要和其他人生活在一起，故选 D。2. C A. body 身体； B. native 本土的；C. spoken 口语的； D. foreign 外国的。根据后文 written language 和并列连词 and 可知空白处是与书面语言相对应的口语，故选 C。3. A A. enough 足够的；B. good 好的；C. correct 正确的；D. useful 有用的。根据后文提到的body movements 肢体动作，可知只有书面语和口语是不够的，故选 A。4. C A. sen
34、tences 句子；B. messages 信息；C. words 话语；D. noises 噪声。根据上下文，可知有时我们不得不使用肢体语言替代书面语和口语，且口语和书面语都可称为words。故选 C。5. B A. times 次数；B. reasons 原因；C. occasions 场合； D. places 地点。根据下文意思可知，讲的都是肢体语言重要的原因，故选 B。6. D A. pleasant 愉快的；B. common 普通的；C. dying 垂死的；D. hard 困难的。根据句意可知，很难想象没有肢体动作参与的谈话是什么样的，hard to imagine 很难想象，
35、故选 D。7. A A. involved 包含；B. made 制作；C. talked 交谈；D. told 告诉。根据句意可知很难想象没有肢体动作参与的谈话是什么样的，即很难想象不包括肢体动作的谈话是什么样的，故选 A。8. D A. and 和；B. but 但是；C. so 因此；D. or 或者。上下文的意思是并列的，且前面有否定词 without，由此可知需要选择一个表否定的连词 or，故选 D。9. B A. alive 活着的；B. lively 生动的；C. silent 安静的；D. difficult 困难的。根据句意可知，肢体动作使谈话更生动，故选 B。10. C A
36、. complicated 难懂的；B. reasonable 有理由的，合理的； C. effective 有效的；D. interesting 有趣的。根据后文 more easily and quickly understood 可知肢体语言使谈话更易懂，故选 C。11. B A. Set 建立； B. Take 拿；C. Make 使得；D. Turn 转向根据后文是在举例子，且 takefor example 举例，例如，由此可知该处需要填 take，故选 B。12. C A. readers 读者；B. students 学生；C. listeners 倾听者，听众；D. peop
37、le 人。根据前面的 speaker 可知演讲者这样谈话，给听众的印象更深刻，故选 C。13. A 根据后文 not allowed to speak _14_及后文的例子可知不得不使用肢体动作，have to 不得不，故选 A。14. C A. quickly 快速地；B. secretly 秘密地；C. loudly 大声地；D. publicly 公众地。在图书馆里当然不可以大声说话，由此可知填 loudly，故选 C。15. D A. empty 空的；B. bright 明亮的；C. large 大的；D. quiet 安静的。根据上文可知，在安静的教室里不能大声喧哗，故选 D。16
38、. B A. much 许多；B. quite 相当，很；C. more 更多；D. hardly 几乎不。根据句意相当有必要可知需要一个副词修饰 necessary，故选 B。17. B A. hurry 匆忙；B. stop 停下来；C. sit 坐下；D. catch 抓住。根据后文 so a nod or wave of hand may be OK 可知没必要停下来去打招呼，故选 B。18. D A. though 尽管；B. unless 除非；C. until 直到；D. if 如果。be aware that 后面是假设的情景，故用 if 引导条件状语从句，故选 D。19. C
39、 根据上文提示 have your arms folded across your chest while you talk 可知后文是说谈话时双手抱胸说明你没有接纳别人，shut out 把排除在外，使不能进入，故选 C。20. D A. send 派送；B. talk 谈话；C. give 给；D. mind 注意。后文在讲肢体语言的重要性，由此可知要注意自己的肢体语言，故选 D。II. 阅读理解A【文章大意】本 文 是 一 篇 说 明 文 。 文 章 主 要 介 绍 了 孩 子 的 玩 耍 和 科学 家 的 研 究 有 共 同 之 处 。1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的 but
40、some developmental psychologists (心理学家) have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think 可知，心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选 D。2. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的 overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world)可知孩子也会像科学家一样收集证据，故选 D。3. C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 For example, it ma
41、y only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory 可知，孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选 C。4. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists
42、.可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好地了解科学，故选 B。5. D 推理判断题。根据作者在文中的用词 appear to、用 may 来弱化绝对性的表达及通过引用其他人的观点 Some psychologist suggest that 可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选 D。【名师点睛】阅读理解有时理解文章中的长难句是关键，理解不了这些句子就很难理解文章的大意。下面我们分析一下这篇文章中的长句。For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a t
43、heory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate. 例如，可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论，一个婴儿就会接受其他人可以和他/她持有不同的意见和愿望这一观点。例如，和孩子不同，妈妈实际上并不喜欢德芙巧克力。这句话使用了强调句，强调的
44、是 through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory，这部分比较长，考生可能没有注意到这个句式。主干部分中 idea后面是 that 引导的同位语从句，that 在从句中不作成分；from 后面的 what he or she has 是宾语从句，what 在从句中作 has 的宾语。B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，介绍了在一段关系中双方如何获得彼此的信任。6. C 本段强调在与人相处中要言行一致，因此 C 项是本段主旨句。7. F 根据第三段的第一句话和第四句话可知，要让他人知道
45、你的计划和决定，不要让他猜测你在想什么，故 F 项正确。8. E E 项中的 forgive each other 与空前的Trust is earned, and it works both ways相呼应。本段讲的是要维持好关系，双方要愿意彼此原谅对方，继续生活。9. A 本段的主题是双方要实话实说，不能有所隐瞒，包括做的坏事，因此 A 项作为本段小标题最合适。10. D 本段的主题是建立关系需要双方投入时间，故选 D。III. 短文改错It is good to see that today more people have realized the importance exercising and are ofplaying sports . But the problem is that there are not enough sports facilities to meet the regulaygrowing demand. I love playing basketball and often play with my friends on weekends. publics，, it is difficult to rent a basketball field and to find a free one. I
