1、,1,建筑节能技术,2,建筑能耗包括建材生产能耗、建筑施工能耗和建筑使用能耗，其中建筑使用能耗占80-90%。 建筑使用能耗主要包括采暖、通风、空调、照明、炊事燃料、家用电气、热水供应等。 建筑节能就是节约建筑物的能源消耗，减少能源损失，提高能源利用率。,第一节 建筑节能的紧迫性,Built Environment,Health Safety Comfort Environment Sustainability,建筑环境与设备工程,改善人类工作、生活与居住条件，提供一个健康舒适、和安全的生活、工作环境。它包括供热、供燃气、通风空调和制冷、消防、照明、电气电梯安装、弱电通信、保安、室内给排水、建
2、筑周边环境、室内空气品质等。对现代建筑而言，一般标准的办公楼，建筑设备可占总造价的三分之一，运行、维护费用的四分之三以上。必须考虑能源效益、环境影响及环境问题,能源在建筑中的应用,能源在建筑中的应用,Sustainable Development,Sustainable development is development, which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.World Commission on
3、Environment and Development, 1983,中国建筑能效的背景,预测到2015年民用建筑保有量的一半是2000年以后新建的，并认为中国没有注重建筑节能，从而每年新增78亿平方米的不节能的建筑在未来几十年里将无节制地消耗大量能源。到2000年末，我国建筑年消耗商品能源共计3.76亿吨标准煤，占全社会终端能耗总量的27.6% 。其中采暖空调能耗约占建筑能耗65%左右建筑用能正在持续快速上升，其所占全社会能耗的比重不断增大。将从目前的27%左右上升到2020年的35%左右。,Climate change,Buildings in the UK. account for ove
4、r 40% of the nations energy consumption and resultant carbon dioxide emissions, which is recognized cause of global warming and climate change.,英国温室气体排放,World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal Use (2001),World Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2001),Climate Change,全球气候变化及其影响,CO2 emissions,Increase in the a
5、tmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide,科学家近日预言，由于全球温室效应使得南北极冰山融解、海平面上升，进而造成许多海岛地区沉入海底。台湾岛内的环境专家也大胆预言：“台湾陆沉的速度必然加速！”,第二节 建筑节能综合性措施,建筑节能是一个系统工程，必须在能源利用的各个环节和系统从规划设计到运行的全过程中贯彻节能的观点，才能取得较好的效果。,建筑节能的途径,建筑设计,建筑设备,建筑使用者,新能源利用,Building Design,一、建筑设计,Integrated approach to sustainability,3. Site analysis
6、,5. Building material selection strategies,6. Building services strategies,4. Building analysis,Ecological,Social,Economic,integrated approach to sustainable architecture,1. Climate Analysis,2. Microclimate Analysis,Social Issues,Security,Poor internal environment 恶劣的iaq,Community involvement,Health
7、 & Comfort,Access存取,Recreation消遣,Public transport,Amenity舒适,Economic Issues,Employment,Best value & Whole life costing,Rental income,Productivity,Global Environmental Issues,Ozone depletion,Acid rain,Biodiversity loss,Climate change,Water depletion,Land depletion,Fuel depletion,Resource,Waste genera
8、tion,Local Environmental Issues,Traffic congestion阻塞,Ecological footprint,Poor internal environment IAQ & Comfort Acoustics声学 Controls,Impact on microclimate Poor windenvironment Solar & light access,Increased Toxicity,Increased Eutrophication 富营养,Photochemical光化学 oxidation,Integrated approach to su
9、stainability,Building Design & Services Strategy,Reduced air leakage渗漏,Super-Insulation,Advanced DHW systems,Energy efficient lighting,Heat recovery & Natural ventilation,Passive/ low-energy cooling systems,Efficient heating systems,Harvesting renewables,Lessons from vernacular 本国的traditionsarchetyp
10、es原型 for the future?,Project Examples,LA Courthouse, USA System selection Displacement置换 ventilation Fan Powered Boxes Passive cooling Night time cooling Double Skins External Shading Natural ventilation,Thermal Mass & Passive Cooling, The earth is at a constant12 14C throughout the year. This is an
11、 idealcooling source Termites use the sameprinciple of thermal massto keep their homes coolbut in a vertical form By combining these twoprinciples (horizontallabyrinths & vertical earth tubes) free cooling can be provided for a substantial period,Project Examples,Wind Roses,Wind tunnel analysis,CFD
12、analysis,Wind Power,ANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODS,Double skin 双面层,Sun path diagram,Solar access analysis,ANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODS,Study of Solar Heat Gain,ANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODS,Study of Well-Being and Productivity Theory Physics captured: Air temperature Relative humidity Air movement Working space
13、 Noise Day Lighting visual performance,The improvement of an overall workspace will influence the well being and the productivity of the staff.,ANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODS,The relaxing property of Comfort will encourage the costumer to stay longer, with an increased probability of higher quantity of purchases,Study of Well-Being and Productivity,2、建筑物围护结构的节能措施,1、建筑物的规划设计,提高能量利用效率,冷热源系统的节能,二、建筑设备,三、热回收、废热与可再生能源的应用,四、建筑的使用者,强化管理,楼宇程控系统智能建筑,
