1、 / 81Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars1. spreadvt.散布;扩大;延伸The bird spread its wings. 那只鸟展开了翅膀。Flies spread disease. 苍蝇传播疾病。 常用结构:spread sth. with sth. 用抹/涂/ 铺spread .on .把 抹/涂/铺在be spread for 摆好（桌子）准备spread oneself口 舒展四肢 (躺下)spread out 张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长高手过招单项填空Paper making began in China and to
2、 Europe.(200912河南郑州检测)A. Spread B. grewC. Carried D. developed解析:选 A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread 传播。2. method n. 方法He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的教学方法。What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？联想拓展by this means=in this way=with this method用这种方法易混辨析method/
3、meansmethod 侧重“ 理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。a new teaching method 一种新的教学方法means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段” 或“利用工具” 去达到某种目的。高手过招选词填空(method/means)（原创）The quickest of travel is by plane.She has a very scientific of dealing with political problems.答案：meansmethod3. harmfuladj. 有害的常用结构:do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害mean no
4、 harm 无意伤害别人;没有恶意harm ones image/reputation 损害某人的形象/名声do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in (sb. s) doing sth.=It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事无害处be harmful to 对 有害harm n. 充满了in mass 全部, 全体; 整个地 in the mass 总体上;总的说来 the (great) mass of 大多数, 大部分masses of sth.大量的东西高手过招单项填空The you
5、ng dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them. (200912安徽合肥检测)A. many of B. masses ofC. the number of D. a large amount of解析:选 B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。masses of=lots of，后跟复数名词。5. pull v. 拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；牵( 引) 力You push and I ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。 I
6、felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。常用结构:/ 83pull ahead (of sb./sth.) 领先于（某人/ 物）pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）pull off (sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pull together 同心协力；通力合作高手过招用 pull 相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）I arrived as the last train was
7、 .He a gun and aimed at the criminal.So long as we , theres no mountain top we cant conquer.答案：pulling outpulled outpull together6. cheervt. oncheering7. puzzle vt. inexist onexistence重点短语9. in time 意为“及时”时相当于 early enough, soon enough;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于 sooner or later。We got to the station just in time
8、 to catch the bus.=We got to the station just in time for the bus.我们到达车站时，刚好赶上了那班汽车。The doctor came in time to save her life. 医生及时赶来救了她的命。You ll succeed in time if you keep on working hard.假若坚持努力下去，你迟早会成功的。联想拓展be in time for sth./be in time to do sth. 对于某事是及时的/及时做某事ahead of time 提前；提早all the time 一直
9、；始终at one time 曾经；一度at a time 一次at times 有时at the same time 同时；然而；可是from time to time 不时；偶尔in no time 立刻；马上/ 85take one s time 不急，慢慢来time and time again 一次又一次；一再高手过招单项填空I was disappointed in time when I didnt pass the examinations.Dont be so discouraged. Youll be successful in time. (200912河南平顶山检测)A
10、./; / B. a; a C./; a D. a; /解析:选 D。句意为： 我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是 when 引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用 in a time。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用 in time。10. prevent .from 阻止；制止The heavy rain prevented us from going there.这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。易混辨析prevent/stop/keep/protectprevent, stop, keep 与 protect 四者的常见结构为：prevent .(from)
11、 doing sth.；stop .(from) doing sth.；keep .from doing sth.; 均表示“ 阻止做某事”。上述三个结构中，在主动语态中 stop 与 prevent 后可省去 from，但在被动语态中不可省略; 而 keep .from .中的 from 在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，protect .from .表示“保护不受侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from 后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。This plan will be kept from being carried out.这个计划将被阻止实施。高手过招单项填空Some policemen should b
12、e sent to them the trees. （原创）A. prevent; to cut down B. stop; cutting downC. keep; to cut down D. keep; cutting down解析:选 B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop . from doing sth.阻止做某事,其中 keep .from doing sth. 中的 from 不可省略。故选 B。11. break out 突发；爆发（无被动语态）Trouble may break out at any moment.灾难在任何时候都可
13、能突然发生。When did the war break out? 战争什么时候爆发的？It was at midnight that a fire broke out.在午夜时分发生了一起大火。联想拓展break away from 脱离（政党等） ；打破（陈规等）break down 出故障；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉break in 破门而入，闯入；打断（话语）等break into 破门而入；突然起来break off 折断；突然中止；断绝；结束break through 突破break up 敲碎；放假；散会易混辨析come about/happen/take place/
14、break out/occurcome about 发生，相当于 happen, take place。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。happen 强调偶然发生。take place 指按计划、安排发生；举行break out 多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。occur 常用于句式： sth. occurs to sb. 某事发生在某人身上。高手过招用 break 相关短语的适当形式填空 （原创）A terrible tsunami in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004.When do you fo
15、r Christmas?Negotiations between the two sides have .His house was last week.答案：broke outbreak upbroken downbroken into12. block out 挡住（光线）That wall blocks out all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。联想拓展burst out 大声喊叫;突然起来go out 外出；过时；熄 (灯)put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产come out 出现，显露；出版;结果是help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境 )look out 留神；
16、注意watch out 注意；提防；向外看find out 找出，查明，发现pick out 挑出;辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说;大胆地说think out 仔细思考(某事)；想出（主意等） hang out 挂出; 闲逛knock out (拳) 击中，击倒，打昏sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销turn out 结果证明是run out (of) 用完，耗尽check out 结账离去，办妥手续离去give out 分发（试卷等） ；发出（光、热等） ；用尽；耗完；筋疲力尽高手过招用 out 相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）/ 87At the end of the r
17、ace his legs and he collapsed on the ground.It s easy to him in a crowd because he is very tall. His new book will next month.We thought it was going to rain; it to be a fine day.We of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.答案：gave outpick; outcome out turned outchecked out13. What it was
18、 to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到 3845 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。What it was to become .是 what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作 become 的宾语。What surprised everybody was that he didnt come to the meeting. 使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。What
19、 he did added to our difficulty. 他所做的增加了我们的困难。 “be+动词不定式 ”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。When are they to hand in their plan? 他们的计划什么时候交上来？You are to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。联想拓展“be+to”还可以表示以下含义：表示可能性，相当于 can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令，意为 “必须，不得不”，意思等同于 must, have to，表示假设。表示“ 命运注定”，通常用于过去时。How
20、 am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？Certain skills must be learned if one is to use English well.如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须学的。He was never to see his wife again.他注定再也见不到他妻子了。Were we to offer you more money, would you stay?如果我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？高手过招单项填空In dry weather the flowers will have to be watered
21、 if they . （原创）A. have survived B. are to surviveC. would survive D. will survive解析:选 B。考查真实条件句。are to survive 在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。14. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as .as . 是的两倍联想拓展
22、英语中的倍数表达法：倍数+as +adj./adv.+as 是的几倍倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+ than 比(多/大)几倍倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of 是长度/高度/ 宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width, depth 等。This ruler is three times as long as that one.=This ruler is twice longer than that one. =This ruler is three times the length of that on
23、e.这把尺子是那把的三倍长。There are four times as many students as we expected. 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。高手过招(1)翻译句子 （原创）这个房子是那个的三倍大。(2)完成句子到的客人是我们预计的两倍。There are we expected .答案：(1)This house is three times as big as that one./This house is twice bigger than that one./This house is three times the size of that one.(2)twice as many guests as
