1、英语 8 上外研版全册综合：拓展学案及练习题答案（Module 4）学习过程一、教学重难点1. 熟练准确地掌握本模块的词汇与句式2. 了解并能谈论英语的重要性二、语法状语从句（一）特点：状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。（二）分类：根据意义上的不同，状语从句分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句。（1）时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, before, after, while, sinc
2、e, as, till, as soon as, the moment, once, no sooner.than, hardly.when, wheneverwhenwhen 引导时间状语时，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，或者从句的动作是发生在主句的动作之前的。可表示“一段”时间或“一点”时间。例：she was taking a walk when I called her.我叫她时，她正在散步。while while 引导时间状语从句，强调主句的动作和从句的动作在某一时间内同时发生，意为“在期间，在过程中。While 引导的时间状语从句只能表示一段时间（同延续性
3、动词连用） ，不能表示一点时间（不可同非延续性动词连用） 。例：while she was watching, she heard the bell ring.她正在看电视时听到了门铃响。asas 引导的时间状语从句表示“当时” ， “一边一边” ，指主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，既可以表示一段时间（同延续性动词连用） ，也可以表示一点时间（同非延续性动词连用） 。例：I saw her as she was getting off the bus.她下汽车时我看见了她。beforebefore 引导的时间状语从句所表示的动作发生在主句动作之后。如果强调主句的动作先完成或先发生，则主句谓语要
4、用过去完成时，before 引导的从句用一般过去时；如不强调动作的先后，主句和从句均用一般过去时。例：He worked in Hangzhou before he came here.他来这里之前在杭州工作。afterafter 引导的时间状语从句所表示的动作发生在主句动作之前。如果强调动作的先后，after 从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去式；如果不强调动作的先后，而表示连续的动作，主句和从句均用一般过去时。例：I shall write to you after I finish(have finished)the work.做完工作后我将给你写信。（2）地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由
5、where 和 wherever 等引导。地点状语从句位于句首时，常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时则不用逗号。例：She follows him wherever he goes.他无论到哪里她总跟着。（3）条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的词或词组有：if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that 等。例：If I had enough money, I would buy the car.如果我有足够的钱，我就买汽车了。（4）原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的词或词组有：because, since, as, n
6、ow that 等。例：Because he was ill, he was absent yesterday.因为他病了，他昨天没有来。（5）比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的词或词组有：than, the（+比较级）.the（+比较级） ，as（+原级）.as, not as(so)(+原级).as 等。例：Tom went to school earlier than Kate did.汤姆上学比凯特早。（6）方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的词或词组有：as, just as.so, as if 等。as if 引导的从句的时态要用过去时。例：Please do as I do.请照我做的那样
7、去做。（7）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的词或词组有：that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest 等。目的状语从句中的谓语常含有 may, might, can, could, should, would 等情态动词。例： He studied hard so that he might succeed.他努力学习，以便成功。（8）结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的词或词组有：so, so that, so.that, such.that 等。例：Nothing more was heard of him, so p
8、eople thought that he was dead.没有再听到他的消息，所以人们都认为他死了。（9）让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的词或词组有：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter who 等。例：Although he has failed many times, he doesnt give up trying.虽然他失败了许多次，但他仍不放弃尝试。三、词和短语1. be here to talk to us about learning English 到这儿和我们谈关于学习英语的
9、事 2. go to the summer school 去暑期学校 3.speak English poorly 英语说得很差4. stay with an English family 和一个英国家庭呆在一起5. help me a lot 帮助了我很多 6. take notes 记笔记7. practise English 练习英语 8. get a lot of practice 得到许多练习9. electricity went off 停电 10. approximately six percent of the world 大约世界的百分之六11. speak English
10、as a first language 把英语作为第一语言来讲12. more than half of the the worlds newspapers 世界报纸的一半以上13. daily English newspaper 英语日报 14. the China Daily 中国日报15. the 21st century 二十一世纪 16. a national TV channel in English 国家英语电视频道17. some local channels 一些当地的频道.18. English-speaking films 英文电影19. the main languag
11、e of business, politics and science 商业，政治，科学的主要语言20. be in meeting 在开会中 21. business magazine 商务杂志 22. most countries 绝大多数的国家23. use English to describe their hotels 用英语描述他们的旅馆 24. at English class 在上英语课 25. quite a few people 相当多的人26. the spelling of word 单词的拼写 27. make up words 编造单词28. in the 19th
12、 century 在 19 世纪 29. a famous company 一个著名的公司30. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 31. make a complete English dictionary 制作一本完整的英语字典32. people from all over the world 来自于全世界的人33. send lists of words to the main writer 把单词表寄给主要的作者34. work on the dictionary 专研于字典 35. in fact 实际上36. think about 考虑 37. afford to
13、 buy a dictionary 买得起字典 四、重点句式的讲解与分析。1. Only about six percent of the world speak English as a first language.仅有世界的百分之六左右把英语作为第一语言。six percent 百分之六 英语中分数,百分数及小数的表达法分数的表达法 分子 基数词 分母 序数词 注意：当分子大于 1 时,分母加 s如：1/3 one third 3/4 three fourths试一试 1/5 注意： 分母若是“2”,可用 half 来替代。分母若是“4”可用“quarter”替代如：3/4 three
14、quarters 1/2 one half注意：带分数很简单，其前只把整数添，如 ，four and three fourths百分数，在数词后加 percent 如 15% 读作 fifteen percent小数的读法：小数点前面的数按基数词的读法，小数点后面的数按照本身读，小数点读作 point,如：0.38 读作 zero point three eight 96.89 读作 ninetysix point eight nine注意，当分数和百分数后接名词时，要加 of，谓语动词随着 of 后的名词来变，但 population 除外。如：（1）More than half of th
15、e worlds newspapers use English.（2）Approximately eighty percent of the information on the Internet is in English. 互联网上大约 80%的信息都是用英语的。注意：分数，百分数及小数前可用“more than ,less than, about, approximately, around, only”等修饰。2. How do people use English in the 21st Century? 在 21 世纪人们如何使用英语?in the 21st Century 在二十
16、一世纪世纪年代的表达法:世纪 序数词+century 如:19 世纪 the 19th century世纪年代 in the + 1960s/1960s 在二十世纪 60 年代年代: in the nineties (用 the 加整十位数的基数词复数表达)3. Quite a few people also use English to speak to foreigners because they dont speak their language a few , a little, a bit 的用法三者都有名词的功能. 如:A little is better than nothin
17、g. 少胜于无。三者都可做形容词修饰名词.区别 a few+可数 a little+不可数 a bit of +不可数a litter, a bit 可作程度副词(a few 不可)修饰形容词,副词,动词如:The boy is a little/a bit hungry. I like it a little/a bit.a little ,a bit ,a few 与 not 连用时,意义不同 , “not a little”相当于 “very ”是“很，非常”的意思； “not a bit”加强否定语气相当于“not at all”。“一点也不” “not a few” “不少，相当多”
18、如: 1. She is not a little good at music. 她很擅长音乐。2. She is not a bit good at music. 她一点也不擅长音乐。3. Not a few guests have gone home.不少客人已经回家。only a few ,only a little (无 only a bit)只有少数 only a few +可数only a little +不可数 .quite a few ,quite a little, quite a bit美口 quite a few+可数 quite a little+不可数very few
19、, very little 很少(否定词)because, because of 的区别because of +名词或动名词，because+句子，引导原因状语从句，常用来回答以 why提问的句子，表示直接的原因。如: She was absent because of her sickness.她由于生病而缺席。4. Dictionaries come in different size.字典的大小不同。in different size in+尺寸，颜色，形状，表示在方面如:I have many shoes in different colours.5. Sadly, Dr. Murra
20、y died while he was working on dictionary.when, while 的区别.两者都有“当时”的意思，区别 when 既可以表示“一点时间” ，也可表示 “一段时间” ，while 只可表示“一段时间”you come back ,please call me.you are there, please buy some books for me.when 还有“这时”的意思. “while”还有“然而” “尽管”的意思。如：I was walking along the road, when something went into my eyes.我正在
21、街上走，这时有东西进入了我的眼睛。While he is a good student, he has short comings.尽管他是一个好学生，但他也有缺点。I like red while he likes blue. 我喜欢红色，然而他喜欢蓝色。【模拟试题】 （答题时间：45 分钟）1. Learning English well needs much p_.2. When I began to speak English, I spoke very p_.3. After you read the passage, please tell me the m_ idea.4. pe
22、ople in the _(说英语的)countries often have the similar customs.5. Which c_ are English programmes on?6. A_（大约） 90 percent of the young people like the e_ (娱乐)programmes. 7. In China , theres a n_ TV channel in English and some l_ channels are also in English.8. Besides English , Chinese, maths we also
23、learn p_, s_.句型转换：9. When did you come back to China?When did you _ _ China?10. Most countries use English to describe their hotels._ _ _ countries describe their hotels _ English.11. Hurry up, or you will be late._ _ _ hurry, _ be late.12. They tell you how to use a word.They tell you how _ _ use a
24、 word.13. Dictionaries are both useful and interesting.Dictionaries are _ _ useful _ _ interesting.选择：14. Only about six percent of the world _ English _ the first language.A. speaks, as B. speak, as C. speak , to15. There is often one _ English newspaper in countries _ English is not the main langu
25、age.A. everyday, where B. every day, that C. daily, where16. My _ is very poor, so I decide to go to _ countries .A. spoken English, speaking EnglishB. English spoken, English- speakingC. spoken English, English-speaking17. They tell you _ the word is a noun, verb or adjective.A. if B. whether C. th
26、at18. I have _ the problem for two hours , but I havent _.A. worked on, worked out itB. worked at, worked it outC. worked on, worked it out19. In the _ century, a famous company decide _ a _ English dictionary.A. 19, make, complete B. 19th, to make, completelyC. 19s, to make, completely D. 19th, to
27、make, complete完形填空：(A)Can you swim? Do you like swimming ? Yes? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. Im afraid youll _1_ learn to swim just by reading books about swimming or _2_others swimming . Its _3_the English study for us kids today. We must
28、practice, practice, and practice.Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. The children in _4_ countries first listen to others. Then they try to imitate (模仿)and speak. We can listen to English programs _5_the radio. You may just understand _6_words. It doesnt matter . Just be _7_, tr
29、y to get the main topics, then the main ideas, then the key words, then the main sentences, _8_.As for speaking , speak_9_.Reading and writing are more important for school students . First we must choose the books we are _10_. A lot of reading will _11_ your language sense. This is the most importa
30、nt.Keep _12_ English diaries. We can also write English articles . We may even post them _13_ English magazines. Dont be afraid of failure. Failure is the mother of _14_.Easier said than done. Well, lets do more practice from now on. Im sure youll learn English well_15_ this way.( )1. A. just B. nev
31、er C. yet( )2. A. Look at B. looking at C. seeing( )3. A. same as B. different to C. the same as( )4. A. speaking-English B. English-speaking C. spoken English( )5. A. in B. over C. from( )6. A. a little B. a few C. few( )7. A. relaxed B. relaxing C. relax( )8. A. the full means B. the full meaning
32、C. the full meanings( )9. A. as many as you can B. as more as you can C. as much as possible( )10. A. interested B. interesting C. interested in( )11. A. change B. develop C. improve( )12. A. to write B. write C. writing( )13. A. for B. to C. till( )14. A. succeed B. success C. successful( )15. A. u
33、sing B. in C. by(B)Dear sir,I have to travel every day from Souk Road to the airport. Two buses travel along the routes: the number 49 and the number 16 . But by the time the number 16 bus reaches Souk Road . It is always full , so I cant get on it. I have to wait for the number 49 because sometimes
34、 there are empty seats in it. The timetable says that there are buses from Souk Road to the airport every ten minutes . If this is true, why do I have to wait half an hour for a us nearly every day? The rules say that if there are empty seats on a bus, the bus must stop at every stop where people ar
35、e waiting. Why do the half-empty buses go straight past me when I am standing at the bus stop/ The rules say that no bus may carry more than 40 seated passengers and 20 standing passengers . Yesterday I was the first to get off the bus when it reached the airport. I counted the other passengers as t
36、hey got off. There were 129 people.It is clear that our bus companies break the rules and think little of their passengers. Can nothing be done to make your service better?( ) 1This passage is _A. a message B. a talk C. a story D. a letter( ) 2The writer has to take Bus No.49 because _.A. it arrives
37、 on time B. it is not always fullC. it travels faster D. it has fewer seats on it( )3 How long does the writer usually have to wait for a bus?A. Ten minutes B. One hour C. Half an hour D. Nearly a day( )4 The rules say that each bus may carry _ passengers at mostA. twenty B. fortyC. sixty D. one hun
38、dred and twenty-nine( )5 From the passage we can see that_A. the bus service was poorB. no passengers took their busesC. no buses except the No.49 bus passed Souk RoadD. the writer was always the first to get on the bus【试题答案】1. practice 2. poorly 3. main 4. English-speaking 5. channel6. Approximately, entertainment 7. national, local 8. politics, science9. return to 10. Most of the, in 11. If you dont , youll 12. you can13. not only, but also 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. D(A) 15 BBCBB 610 BABCC 1115 CCCBB(B) 15 DBCCA
