1、英语八下冀教版 Unit 2:学案【Lesson 1316 重难点解析】 Unit 2 Plant a Plant一. 教学内容:Unit 2 Plant a Plant Lesson 13-Lesson 16 1. 单词和短语n. air shade energy heat bamboo kilogram corn wheat shelter furniture medicine straw ink agriculture grain flourv. die heat raise bake pron. nothing2. 语法(1)五种基本句型。(2)现在完成时。(3)被动语态。3. 语言目
2、标(1)Ive already watered my seed.(2)Would you like some markers? How many parts do plants have?(3)What are leaves for?(4)Why do plants need sunlight?二. 重点、难点分析1. LetsLet us 意为“让我们”,let 是动词,us 作 let 的宾语,该句型结构为 let sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”。表示说话人的建议,对该句型的肯定回答一般用“OK.” “All right.” “Yes. Lets” 。其否定回答用“Sorry ,
3、I” 。Lets have a cup of tea. 我们喝杯茶吧。OK. 好吧。Lets sing ABC song. 我们唱字母歌吧。Sorry,I cant sing it. 对不起,我不会唱。2. help vt. 帮助,常用于两个句型,即 help sb. (to)do sth. 和 help sb. with sth. 都有“帮助某人做某事”之意。介词 with 后接名词,通常不接动词-ing 形式。Mr. Wu often helps me(to)learn English. Mr. Wu often helps me with my English. 吴先生常帮助我学英语。3
4、. on trees 在树上辨析:all the tre e(on trees)与 in the tree(in trees)两者都表示“在树上”,用 in 时一般表示不属于树本身生长 的东西,如鸟、人等。用 on 时则指树本身所长的东西,如树叶、花等。从空间的角度看,用 in表示在树的枝叶中,用 on 则表示在枝叶上,in 和 on 不能互换。 There are some apples on the tree 树上结着一些苹果。There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。4. make into 把制成,用于主动语态,be made into 用制成,用于被动语
5、态。Make glass into bottles. 用玻璃制成瓶子。 Metal can be made into all kinds of things. 金属可以制成多种多样的物品。5. the same as 与一样。表示同级比较。如:My hometown is no longer the same as it was. 我的家乡同过去不一样了。My coat is the same as Lucys. 我的上衣与露西的一样。同义词 asas 和一样。如:Li Ming is as old as me. 李明和我年龄一样大。此句还可以说成:Li Ming has the same a
6、ge as me. 6. So is your desk. 你的课桌也是如此。此句体现了一个结构:so助词主语表示某人某物也是如此。该句型是一个倒装句,助词包括 be 动词、助动词及情态动词。so 代替上文提到的内容,句中助词的选择取决于上文中所用的动词,单、复数取决于其后的主语。She likes swimming. So do I. 她喜欢游泳。我也是。He can speak French. So can Mr. Wu. 他会讲法语。吴先生也会。7. sick adj. 生病的,有病的,其反义词是 well,同义词是 illHe is sick. He is i11. 他病了。ill 只
7、能作表语8. Is your shirt made of cotton? 你的衬衫是由棉花制成的吗?be made of 由制成,是 make of 的被动语态。表示能够看出产品的原材料,通常情况下物作主语。如:My desk is made of wood. 我的课桌是木制的。另外,made of 还可作定语,放于被修饰词之后。如: I have a knife made of wood and metal. 我有一把由木头和金属制成的小刀。Cotton is made from the cotton plant. 棉布是由棉花做成的。be made from 由制成,是 make from
8、 的被动语态。表示看不出产品的原材料,通常由物作主语。如:Wine is made from corn. 酒是由谷物酿造的。made from 还可作定语修 饰前面的名词。如: The hat made from straw is very beautiful. 那顶草帽很漂亮。9. no adj. 没有,加在单数名词前相当于 not a,加在复数名词前或不可数名词前相当于 not any。There is nonot a book on the desk. 桌上没书。There are nonot any apples in the basket. 篮子里没有苹果。辨析:no 与 not两词
9、都用作副词,表示“不”,用法不同,no 只用于一般疑问句的否定回答,与 yes 相对,且独立使用,还可以作形容词来修饰名词,其用法见 no 的形容词用法。not 只用作副词,用来构成否定句,放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,一般不单独使用。not 还可用于一般疑问句 no 之后的简略答语中,与 be 动词、助动词、情态动词间有缩写形式。Im not a student. 我不是学生。Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?No,Im not. 不,我不是。10. for一段时间常用于现在完成时,其谓语动词必须是延续性动词。He has stayed here for a week.
10、 他在这儿待了一周了。I have studied English for two years. 我学英语已两年了。since表示过去某一时刻的词或短语,也可用来表达一段时间,也用于现在完成时。且主句的动词必须是延续性动词。He has studied English for three years. She has studied English since three years ago. 她学英语 3 年了。11. I have a lot to write about today! 今天我有许多内容要写!(1)该句中的 a lot 相当于 a lot of things。a lot 也
11、可以用其他一些词代替,表示不同的程度。如 much(a lot) ,a little,little,anything ,something ,nothing,every thing 等。He knows a lot about me. 他了解很多有关我的情况。We dont know much about that country. 我们对那个国家了解的不多。(2)to write 是动词不定式作定语,修饰 a lot。动词不定式作定语的特点是表示事情还未做,将要做。如:I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多的作业要做。Is there anything to
12、 drink?有喝的东西吗?(3)write about sth. 写写有关如:Ill write something about Lai Ning. 我将写点关于赖宁的东西。I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事要告诉你。12. at the top of 在顶部顶端,其反义短语是 at the bottom of 在底部。on(the )top of 在高处,在顶端,反义短语是 at the foot of在”脚下。Please write your telephone number at the top of this page.
13、请把你的电话号码写在这页纸上端。There i s a tower on top of that high mountain. 那座高山顶上有座塔。13. turn 连系动词,其后加名词或形容词,意为“变成”。有时也可表示温度的突然变化。The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄了。Her face turned red at his words. 听了他的话,她的脸变红了。14. Its seeds are called“grain”. 它的种子叫“麦粒”。(1)its 形容词性物主代词,意为“它的”。Its feathers are red. 它的羽毛
14、是红色的。辨析:its 与 itsits 是形容词性物主代词, “它的”,作定语,用来修饰名词;its 是 it 与is(was)的缩写形式,意为“它是”。This is a cat. Its name is Mimi. 这是一只猫。它的名字叫咪咪。Its a bird. Its feathers are white. 这是一只鸟。它的羽毛是白色的。(2)be called 被叫做该句实际上是被动语态,be called 作谓语。be called 也可用 be named 来替换。The woman is callednamed Fang Mei. 那位妇女名叫方梅。The place is
15、 callednamed the town of Jingzhi. 那地方叫 景芝镇。call 可作及物动词,后带宾语宾语补足语,call 的意思是“叫,称”。call的过去分词 called 还可作定语,修饰其前的名词,此时 called 也可用 named代替。We all call him Lao Wang. 我们都叫他老王。 (call宾语宾补)Do you know the city called Weifang? 你知道潍坊这个城市吗 ?15. My teacher says that we use grain to make flour. 我的老师说我们用麦粒制成面粉。此句含有一
16、个以 that 引导的宾语从句。主句用现在时,从句可以用所需要的任何时态。如:He says he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他说他明天要去上海。16. enough n. (1)足够,充分Enough has been said on this subject. 关于这个话题已经说得够多了。He has got enough to do at the moment. 此刻他要做的事情够多的了。(2)adj. 充足的,充分的,在句中作表语或定语,作定语时,可置于被修饰词之前或之后。Do you have enough time?你的时间够吗?(定语)Six b
17、ottles of orange juice will be enough. 6 瓶橘汁足够了。 (表语)(3)adv. 充分地,足够地。用于动词、形容词和副词之后。有句式enoug h(for sb. ) to do sth. “足够(某人)做”。The box is light enough for me to carry. 这个箱子很轻,我能搬动。Have you played enough?你玩够了吗?17. interesting adj. 有趣的The story book is very interesting. 这本故事书很有趣。辨析:intere sting,interest
18、e d 与 interestinteresting 指事物本身有趣,用来作定语或表语。interested 常用于 be interested in结构中,表示 “对某事物感兴趣”。The children are interested in interesting stories. 孩子们对有趣的故事感兴趣。Swimming is very interesting. I am interested in it. 游泳非常有趣,我很感兴趣。interest 是名词,意为 “兴趣 ”, “爱好”。interesting 和 interested 都是它的形容词。与 interest 构成的短语有
19、 feeltake an interest in,对感兴趣。如:My interest is reading. 我的爱好是读书。I feel an interest in science. 我对科学感兴趣。18. look 连系动词,意为“看上去”。其后可接现在分词、过去分词、形容词或名词,但不能接副词。当主语是 sb. 时,其后接过去分词,表示被动概念;其后接现在分词,表示主动概念。She looks very happy. 她看上去很高兴。The film looks interesting. 这部电影看起来很有趣。19. It was neither too wet nor too dr
20、y. 它既不太湿也不太干。(1)neither nor 既不也不,在句中连接两个并列成分。所连接的必须是同一类词或同一类短语。连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词须与 nor之后的主语的人称一致。I have neither time nor money. 我既没有时间也没有钱。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。(2)dry adj. 干的,干燥的,反义词是 wet。There are two seasons in North Australiaa dry season and a wet season. 澳大利亚北部有两个季节旱季和雨季。The air
21、here is dry. 这儿的空气干燥。v. 把弄干,晒干She dried her eyes and went on to work. 她擦干眼泪继续工作。Put the coat outside to dry. 把大衣放到外面晒干。wool n. 羊毛 adj. woolen 羊毛的。如: a woolen sweatera sweater made of wool 羊毛衫20. in order to 为了;后跟动词原形,表示目的,可放于句首,也可放于句中。如:We started early in order to arrive before darkIn order to arri
22、ve before dark,we started early. 为了在天黑前到达,我们早早地动身了。21. 本单元的主要内容是学习简单句的 5 种基本句型。(1)简单句(The Simple Sentence):由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。 I get up at six in the morning. 我早上 6 点起床。My mother and I often go shopping. 我妈妈和我经常去购物。(2)简单句的 5 种基本句型: 主语不及物动词,后面不跟宾语,可跟 状语。如: We work every day. 我们每天都工作。They a
23、re drinking. 他们在喝酒。主语及物动词宾语,宾语可由名词、代词、不定式(短语) 、动名词(短语)等充当。如:I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。They are drinking tea. 他们在喝茶。I want to see a film. 我想去看电影。He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?主语系动词表语,系动词有be,become, turn,get,look,feel ,smell , taste 等。其后常跟名词、形容词等作表语。They are students. 他们是学生。He is
24、 very happy. 他很高兴。主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语,直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。有些动词,除了直接宾语外,还应有一个间接宾语,句 子才能表达完整。这个间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所涉 及的人或物。动词后常跟 to 的有:bring,pass,give ,send,show ,lend,hand,tell,write,return 等。如:She passed the salt to him.She passed him the salt. 她把盐递给他。动词后面常跟 for 的有: make,buy,get ,sing,look 等。如:My mother will buy a pen for me. My mother will buy me a pen. 我妈妈会给我买支钢笔。主语及物动词 宾语宾语补足语在某些及物动词后,要用一个宾语再加上一个宾语的补足语才能意思完整,称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式、现在分词等都可作为宾语补足语。常接复合宾语的动词有:make,think,find,keep,call 等。如:We keep the table clean. 我们保持桌面干净。He made us laugh. 他逗得我们笑了。