1、英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)主语： 由名词、代词 (人称代词用主格 )他 她它、动名词等充当 ,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture.画家画了一幅漂亮的画。画家就是主语谓语：谓语就是一个句子当中作为连接动作发出者和动作承受者的那个动作。比如 Bill likes playing football.其中 like 就是句中的谓语。 宾语就是一个句子当中作为动作的承受者的词，比
2、如 Bill likes playing football.其中 playing football 就是句中的宾语。表语：用来说明主语的身份,特征或状态等.表语所采用的词类主要是名词, 形容词和副词等 .Work is STRUGGLE. 工作就是斗争(名词作表语)，struggle 就是表语宾语: 放在谓语动词后面的名词.宾语是动作、行为的对象, 是动作的承受者.I love you.I 是主语,动作的发出者 .love 是谓语动词.you 是动作的对象,承受者, 所以 you 是宾语.定语: 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的.she is a honest people.
3、 诚实的就是定语，说明主人公的品质和特征。 她是主语 是是谓语 人是宾语。状语：表示状态的,如时间、地点状语.去掉状语部分,语句依然通顺.He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好“very well”是修饰“speak”的程度状语英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： ubject erb （主谓）基本句型二： ubject erb bject （主谓宾）基本句型三： Link redicative （主系动词表）基本句型四： erb Indirect object direct object （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： erb bject object c
4、omplement （主谓宾宾补）Review 复习Basic structure 1 基本句型一： ubject erb （主谓）此句型有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。ubject erb （不及物动词）1. The sun was shining. 1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. 2. 月亮升起了。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 3.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。4. Who cares? 4. 管它呢？5. What he saiddoes not
5、matter. 5. 他所讲的没有什么关系。6. They talked for half an hour. 6. 他们谈了半个小时。 Recognize the structure of the sentence. 用竖线划分以下句子的成分。The train stopped.火车停止The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆The baby is crying.宝宝在哭泣。we are talking Review 复习Basic structure 2 基本句型二 ubject erb bject （主谓宾）此句型的共同点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但
6、不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 主语 t（及物动词） （宾语） 1. Who knows the answer? 1. 谁知道答案？2. She thanked her mother. 2. 她感谢了她的母亲。3. He is making a cake. 3. 他正在做蛋糕。4. He enjoys reading. 4. 他喜欢看书。5. They ate what was left over. 5. 他们吃了剩饭Recognize the structure of the sentence. 用竖线划分以下句子的成分。6. H
7、e said “Good morning.“ 6. 他说：“早上好！ ”7. I want to have a cup of tea. 7. 我想喝杯茶8. He watches TV. 8. 他看电视。9 Tom go to school just now .10 mother told us yesterday.11 he close the door 12 don not touch the stuff.不要碰那个东西。Review 复习Basic structure 3 基本句型 三 Link （主谓表）此句型有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语
8、身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：一类表示情况如 be, look, keep, seem 等；另一类，表示变化如 get, grow, become, turn 等。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。subject Link（是系动词） （表语） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 1. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 2. 午餐的气味很好。3. He feels a little tired. 3. 他感到有点
9、累。4. Everything looks different. 4. 一切看来都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 5. 他长得又高又壮。你找到了其中的规律了吗？Recognize the structure of the sentence. 用竖线划分以下句子的成分。6. The trouble is that they are short of money. 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7. Our well goes dry. 7. 我们的井干枯了。8. His face turned red. 8. 他的脸红了。9 It tastes delic
10、ious. 尝起来味道不错哦10 It sounds great. 听起来很好噢。New konwledge 新知识。Basie structure 4 基本句型四 tInO DO（主谓间宾直宾此句型有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接承受者（多指人）。 t（及物 InO间接宾语（多指人） DO 直接宾语（多指物） 1. She is making herself a new dress. 1. 她正在给自己制作一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
11、2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美餐。3. He buys you a dictionary. 3. 他给你买了一本 字典。4. He passes her nothing. 4. 他什么也没有传给她。Recognize the structure of the sentence. 用竖线划分以下句子的成分。5. I am showing him my pictures. 5. 我正把我的照片给他看。6. I will give my car a wash. 6. 我要洗我的汽车。7. He tells us funny stories. 7. 他给我们讲奇怪的故事。8 Jim gives me a b
12、ook.9 Sam passes Talor a pen.10 Lucy lends Lily some money.露西借钱给我了New knowledge 新知识Basic sentence struture 5 基本句型五 t （主谓宾宾补）此句型的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。主语 （及物）动词 （宾语）（宾补） 1. They are painting the door green. 1.他们正把门漆成绿色。2. They find the house empty 2.他们发现那房子无人居住。3.
13、 What makes him so happy? 3.是什么使他如此高兴？4. We saw him out. 4. 我们送他出去。5. He asked me to come back soon. 5.他要我早点回来。 6. I saw them getting on the bus. 6.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。Please recognize the structure of the sentence.判断以下句子的成分，用竖线隔开。和例句一样。He often makes us laugh.他经常让我们笑。The teacher asked the students to kee
14、p quiet.老师让学生保持安静I saw some boys playing basketball just now 我看到有些学生在大篮球I give you all my love. 我给你全部的爱Could you pass me the key? 你可以把钥匙递给我吗？May I borrow your ruler?我可以借你的尺子吗？I send you best wishes. 我给你我的祝福Ill help you clean the room. 我会帮你打扫房间的。Select the right answer from the reading test.and also
15、tell the structure of the sentence below.完成以下阅读理解。并在阅读的句子下面标出他们的成分和句子结构。Tomorro is Mothers Day.Jane wants to gave a persent to her mother.Father tells her to go to the shop and try to find something.Jane hurries to the shopping center and goes to the womens stre.She has $3.00.She thinks she gets her
16、 something to wear.Then she thinks she buys something for her to use.But she only has $3.00.She cant buy the beautiful dress.She sees a nice red hat.She knows her mother will like it.But it is expensive,too.It is $10.00.The saleslady looks at her and looks at the hat.She take off the price tag(标签)an
17、d says,“Thats exactly(恰好) $3.00.“根据短问内容,( C )1.Why does Jane want to give a present to her mother?A.She loves her mother.B.Her father ask her.C.Tomorrow is Monthers Day.( C )2.Where does Jane have?A.To the shop.B.To the supermarket.C.To the womens store.( A )3.How much money does Jane have A.$3.00.B.$10.00.C.$13.00.( B )4.How mush is the nice red hat?A.$3.00.B.$10.00.C.$13.00.( C )5.Why doesnt Jane buy the dress?A.She doesnt like it.B.Her mother doesnt like it.C.She doesnt have much money wish her.
