1、M4U5 Theme ParksSection Grammar在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。例如fantasyland English-speaker blackboard playground reading-room passer-by 常见的合成词由以下几种方式合成：1 合成名词 policeman，readingroom，blackboard，playground，editorin chief(总编辑)(1) n+n air conditioner 空调 bl
2、ood pressur 血压 income tax 所得税 credit card 信用卡(2) adj + n central bank 中央银行 fast food 快餐 solar system 太阳系 remote control 遥控 (3) v-ing +另一词 washing machine 洗衣机 driving license 驾驶执照(4) 其他方式 by-product 副产品 editor-in-chief 主编2合成形容词easygoing, blueeyed，newlybuilt, lefthanded，broadleaved，face toface，twoyear
3、 -old(1) 过去分词或带 ed 词尾的词构成。 absent-minded 心不在焉的 grey-haired 头发灰白的(2) 动词的 ing 或另一词构成 long-suffering 长期受苦的 far-reaching 深远的(影响 )3合成动词 babysit，frogmarch，overburden ，whitewash water-ski 滑冰 overeat 吃得太多 baby-sit 看孩子 4合成副词 hereby，wherever，anyhow ，meantime，forever empty-handed 一无所获的5合成代词 himself，ourselves ，
4、nothing6合成介词 outside，without，into二、派生由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。一些英文单词是由某些词加上前后缀而成。这些词成为派生词。例如agreeagreeable fairunfair correctincorrect nationnational farm-farmer 1) 前缀 : (1) dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear (2) in-(il-, im-, ir-): incorrect, impossible, irregular, (3) un-: unhappy, unable, unfit, (4) no
5、n-: nonstop, nonverbal (非语言的) (5) re-: rewrite, review1前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有 dis，il，im，in， ir，mis，non，un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear 出现disappear 消失 cover 盖uncover 揭去覆盖物/discover 揭露correct 正确的incorrect 不正确的 proper 恰当的improper 不恰当的lead 带领mislead 领错 violence 暴力nonviolence 非暴力反抗；非暴力主义(2)re后与名词、动词、形容词
6、或副词结合，表示“ 再；又；重新 rebuild 重建 react 反应；回应 rebirth 重生；再生 reform 改革(3)en后与名词、动词、形容词结合，表示“放进；放上；使变得；使变成 ”。enable 使能够 encamp 扎营；野营；露营(4)multi作前缀，表示“ 有很多 ”。 multicoloured 多色的 multistorey 多层的(5)tele作前缀，表示“远距离的；远的”。telegram 电报 telephone 电话 telescope 望远镜(6)kilo作前缀，表示“ 千”。 kilogram 千克 kilometre 千米(7)表示其他意义的前缀常
7、用的还有： a(多构成表语形容词)，anti(反对；抵抗)，auto(自动) ，co(共同)，inter( 互相)，sub(下面的；次，小 )等。 alone 单独的 antigas 防毒气的 autochart 自动图表 cooperate 合作 international 国际的 subway 地铁2) 后缀 : (1) 构成名词： -er, -ese, -ist, -ian, -ment, -tion, -ness, -th.buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician, agreement, collection, illness, truth(2) 构成形容
8、词 : -al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less, national, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless(3) 构成动词 : -fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize(4) 构成副词 : -ly: badly(5) 构成数词 : -teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty, twelfth 2后缀后缀通常改变词性，构成意思相近的其他词性的词，少数后缀同时会改变词义。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有：ence ，(e)r/or(从事某事的人)，ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性 )
9、，ful(一的量 )，ian(精通的人)， ist(专业人员)，ment(运动；结果)，ness(性质；状态 )， tion(动作；过程)等。Japan 日本Japanese 日本人 act 表演actress 女演员 mouth 口mouthful一口music 音乐musician 音乐家 art 艺术artist 艺术家 move 运动，移动movement 运动happy 高兴的 happiness 高兴 important 重要的importance 重要性translate 翻译 translation 翻译(2)构成动词的后缀经常用的有：(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，fy(使化)
10、，-ize(使 成为 )。wide 宽的widen 加宽 beauty 美beautify 美化 real 真实的realize 意识到(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有：al(属于的，具有性质的) ，able (有能力的)，(a)n(某国人的)，en(多用于表示材料的名词后) ，ern( 方向的)，ese( 某国人的)，ful(充满的)，(ic)al(与有关，的 )，ish(如的)，ive(倾向的)，less(表示否定)，like(像 的 )，ly(有 性质的)，ous(有特性的)，some，y(表示天气)等。nature 自然natural 自然的 reason 道理reasonable 有道
11、理的gold 金子golden 金的 east 东方eastern 东方的child 孩子childish 孩子气的 snow 雪snowy 下雪的friend 朋友friendly 友好的 care 仔细，小心careless 粗心的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有：ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度 )，ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry 生气的angrily 生气地 to 到towards 朝，向 east 东方eastward 向东三、转化一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的意义有密切联系。1名词和动词之间的转化reason
12、 (n.) reason (v.) He reasoned that if we started at dawn，we would be there by noon.他推断我们要是黎明出发，中午就能到那儿。2形容词(或副词) 转化为名词(或动词)Well (adj. & adv.) well (n.) well (v.)The villagers get their water from a well. 该村村民吃井水。Tears welled up in her eyes. 她热泪盈眶。3名词转化为形容词或副词downtown 市中心，城镇商业中心(n.)位于闹市区的 (adj.)向(在)城
13、镇商业中心区(adv.)4形容词转化为副词hard adj.坚硬的，困难的adv .努力地How hard the students study！ 这些学生学习多么刻苦呀！5其他词类转化为名词Medicine is a must for the flooded area. 药物是洪水灾区的必需品。3) 一些词是由改变某些单词的词性而成的。例如Theme parks charge money for admission. (v. 收费)Theme parks expect to make a profit by the charges for admission. (n. 费用)Visitors
14、 can take an active part in experiments in science theme parks. (n.实验)Inventors have to experiment with what they have invented. (v. 做实验)Her room is clean and tidy. (adj. 干净的)She cleans her room every day. (v. 打扫、清洁)Conversion: change the part of speech of a word.(1) vn : charge (v)charge (n)(2) nv
15、: hand (n)hand (v)(3) adjv: clean (adj)clean (v)(4) advv: down (adv)down (v)用所给词的适当形式补全下列句子 (1)She her room every day. So her room is and tidy. (clean) (2)Theme parks expect to make a profit by the for admission. So theme parks money for admission. (charge) (3)He was treated .So he is very angry. (f
16、air) (4)At school she formed a close with several other girls. (friend，ship) (5)She is English. So she is an .(English，speak)1 归纳与比较并背诵-f 结尾的名词复数wife 妻子, knife 刀, wolf 狼, half 一半, thief 小偷, self 自己, leaf 树叶, shelf 架子, life 生命, handkerchief 手帕这些词变复数时变 f 为 v 在加 es. belief 信念 chief 首领；酋长 roof 屋顶 proof
17、证明 cliff 悬崖 staff 全体职工 gulf 海湾 grief 悲痛；伤心事 handkerchief 手帕2.利用合成法，品句填词Many anchored at the port, while parked at the airport. (craft)n air+n(表与航空有关的事物)craft 船舶 port 港口 way 道路 space 空间 领空 line 线 conditioning 调节 _空调系统 man 男人 airman 空军人员【链接训练】China will be a _ country in the middle of this century.Ahi
18、ghdeveloping Bhigh developed Chighlydevelop DhighlydevelopedHis composition was written so carelessly that his teacher asked him to _ it.Aunwrite Brewrite Cinwrite DwritingI havent heard from Sam for a long time.Have you seen him _？Alatest Blately Clater DlatterIn spite of repeated wrongs done to hi
19、m，he looks _ to people greeting him.Afriendly Blively Cworried DcoldYou must put your heart into your studies. Dont be _ in class.Aabsentmind Babsentminding Cabsentminded Dabsence-minded【考点警示】1熟悉并掌握构词法的三种基本形式：转化、合成与派生法。2重点掌握常用的前缀与后缀的基本意义。【过关强练】.用括号中单词的适当形式填空1.The soldiers were filled with_ when they
20、 heard all the villagers had been killed by the enemy. (angry)2.The success of our experiment is a great_to us all. (satisfy)3They have_in sending every one of the satellites into space. (success)4The adventurer(冒险者)gave a_smile to all those who came to greet him. (friend)5You must do the exercises_
21、. (care).单项填空1. One of the teachers says that their aim is to help_ students understand that they can play a valuable role within_ society.Adisable ；the Bdisabled；/ Cdisabling；the Ddisability；/2When I saw Mum nod_ to me，I calmed down and went on with my acting.Aencouragingly Bamazingly Cincreasingly
22、 Daccordingly 3Will it be_ to you this afternoon，John?It depends. Im afraid Ill watch my favorite athletes in the Olympic Games.Asuitable Bconvenient Caccurate Davailable 4After the long journey to China，the Bushes returned home，_.A. safe but exhausted B. safely but exhausted C. safe and exhausting
23、D. safely and exhausting5Society is made up of_ people；some are good，others are bad，and still others are in between.Aa variety of Bvarious of C vary Dvaried6Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained_；people are still looking for other possible solutions.(2012湖北， 28)Auncha
24、llenged Brelevant Ccontroversial Dcontradictory7Be_you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time.(2012山东， 33)Areasonable Bconfident Ccreative Dgrateful8 “Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it， ”Father suggested_ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the
25、 problem.Atentatively Bthoughtlessly Cdefinitely Drudely9Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still_. (2011福建, 32)Aavailable Baffordable Cacceptable Dvaluable10An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however ，they are not always_. (2011湖北, 24)Apractical Bavoidable Cpermanent DBeneficial
