1、1. There has been a big earthquake.There is an apple and many oranges on the table.There being no buses, Tom had to walk home.类似句型：There lies/exists/ lives 2. shake hands with sb shake with cold/ anger / excitement 冷的发抖，气得发抖，激动得发抖3. rise 上升/上涨,增加/ 起身,起床/（地位）升高 （无被动态，后面不接名词）raise 提高/ 抚养，饲养/ 提出/ 筹钱（ra
2、ise money）4. Mice run out, looking for places to hide. 现在分词作状语，表主动The teacher walked out, followed by many students.过去分词作状语，表被动5. burst into tears = burst out cryingburst out （战争、疾病等）爆发sb burst in. 闯入 (burst into the room) 6. think of 认为，觉得，考虑think little/ badly/ nothing of 不把当回事，对评价不好think much/ hi
3、ghly/ well of 看重，高度评价He is highly thought of by his teachers. 老师对他评价很高。类似短语：speak/ sing highly of7. event 事情，大事件，比赛项目8. It seems as if 似乎，好像9. The world/the war/his speech was at an end. .结束了其他表达方式：Sth. come to an end Sb put an end to sth. 10.分数：one third；two thirds；a half；a quarter；倍数：twice 两倍；two
4、times；five times11.nation 民族，国家（人民）country 国家（国土）state 国家（政府，政权）12.cut across 横穿，穿过cut down 砍到，缩减，减少cut off 切掉，切断(电源，水源等)cut up 切碎cut in 插嘴、打断，插队13.lie in ruins/ be in ruins 是废墟一片ruin sb/ ones holiday/ ones health/ ones future毁了某人、假期、健康、未来前程destroy 摧毁，毁灭，毁掉（不可修复）damage 破坏（可修复）14.be seriously/ badly
5、injured 严重受伤15.It is usless doing sth= It is no use doing sth 做某事没有用16.be shocked by/at sth 被某事所震惊be shocked to hear/see/find震惊地听到/看到/发现shocking news 令人震惊的消息17.rescue workers/ rescue teamsrescue sb from danger come to ones rescue 赶来营救某人18.be trapped in/ under 被困在set a trap 设下圈套19.All hope were not l
6、ost.20.tens of thousands ofhundreds of thousands of21.dig out 挖出，找到dig for 探究，寻找dig into a book 研究，专心于 22.bury oneself in doing sth 专心做某事23.the dead/ the poor / the old/ the injured 死者 穷人 老人 伤者24.to the north of the city 在城市的北边 face north 朝向北边25.shelter 避难所，遮蔽处 （shelter for sb ）food, clothing and sh
7、elter 食物，衣物和住所shelter sb from 为某人遮蔽take shelter from 遮蔽26.such a great number of people 如此多的人27.give out 释放(光，热，气等)；分发(试卷等)用完，精疲力竭give away 赠送，颁发，泄漏(秘密)give off 释放28.sth frighten sb (away/ off). 吓到某人frighten sb into/ out of doing sth be frightened of doing sth 害怕be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事be frigh
8、tened to death 吓得半死a frightened kid 受惊的孩子 a frightening night 一个吓人的夜晚29.take turns + to do sth/(in)doing sth 轮流do sth by turns 轮流in turn 轮流； 反过来，反而30.a letter of invitation 邀请信，邀请函，请帖I have been invited. 受到邀请(时间还未到)I was invited.被邀请了(已参加 ,聚会等已结束)31.congregations on sth.congregate sb on sth 祝贺 celebr
9、ate sth 庆祝32.the judge of a match 裁判judge sb from/ by 依据来判断Judging from/ by the name，the book is interesting. 33.be proud of (= take pride in) be proud to do / to be34.honour sb 向表尊敬、纪念、给奖励 /荣誉 (=show honour to sb )do sth + in honour of 为了向表尊敬、为纪念、为了庆祝win honour for/ do honour to 为争光 It is my/ an ho
10、nour to do sth 很荣幸做某事 = have the honour to do sth 35.As you know / As is known 正如你所知道的As they say / as is said 正如他们所说36.express thanks to sb 向 sb 表达谢意by express 通过快递，坐快车37.be doing sth , when 正在做某事，突然 be about to do sth, when正要做某事,突然38.比较 A 与 B： compare A with B compare A to B把 A 比喻成 B： compare A to B39.be known as 作为 身份而出名，被称为be known for 因 而出名be known to sb 为某人所熟知40.disasterhit area 灾难袭击地区，遇灾地区
