1、Module 3,Interpersonal RelationshipsFriendship,第二课时 Grammar & Everyday English & Reading Practice,1.1.1 集合的概念,Module 3,.重点单词 1面对(危险、困难)(v.)_ 2数(v.)_ 3活泼的，有生气的(adj.)_ 4吵架(v.& n)_ 5后悔，悔恨(v.)_ 6相像的，相似的(adj.)_ 7背叛(v.)_ 8体贴的，考虑周到的(adj.)_ 9原谅，宽恕(v.)_ 10损失(n.)_失去(v.)_,confront,count,lively,quarrel,regret,a
2、like,betray,considerate,forgive,loss,lose,11责备，申斥(v.)_ 12(感到)痛苦的，受到伤害的(adj.)_ 13成熟(v.)_成熟的(adj.)_ 14滑，滑行，滑落(v.)_ 15撕破，撕裂(v.)_ 16完美的(adj.)_ 17权利，特权(n.)_ 18预言，预测(v.)_预测，预言(n.)_ 19逃跑，逃走(v.)_ 20踱步走(v.)_ 21撒谎者(n.)_撒谎(v.)_ 22踩，踏(v.)_,scold,hurt,ripen,ripe,slide,tear,perfect,privilege,predict,prediction,fl
3、ee,pace,liar,lie,tread,.重点短语 1make _ 和好，和解 2keep _ touch 保持联系 3lose touch _ 与失去联系 4(be)ashamed_ 对感到惭愧/羞耻 5(be)blessed_ 享有的福气 6(be)allergic_ 对过敏 7(be)_good terms with 与某人关系很好 8(be)nostalgic_ 对很怀念 9all_once 突然，忽然 10bring._mind 使想起 11_ return 反过来，作为交换,up,in,with,of,with,to,on,for,at,to,in,.语法感知 观察下列句子，
4、并写出其所作的句子成份 1When he reached the final line, everyone burst out laughing.(动词ing形式作_) 2I was twelve and，having lost all my old friends，I felt shy and lonely at my new school. (动词ing形式的完成式作_) 3Roy, who had always been very close to his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody. (动词ing形式作_)
5、,4He started losing friends. (动词ing形式作_) 5Having left something in the cloakroom，I went inside to get it, and found Roy going through the pockets of peoples coats. (动词ing形式的完成式作_) 6I wondered if the thief was Roy but decided not to say anything to anyone. (动词不定式作_) 答案：1.宾语 2.状语 3.状语 4.宾语 5.状语 6.宾语,1
6、.confront v面对(危险，困难) A soldier often has to confront danger. 士兵常常要面临险境。 Ill confront him with the evidence. 我将拿证据和他当面对质。 I am confronted with many difficulties. 我面临很多困难。 知识拓展 confront sb.with sb./sth. 使某人面对某人/物 be confronted with 面临(困难、危险等),即学即用 完成句子 (1)新体系开始时会遇到极大的困难。 The new system will be_ _great
7、 difficulties at the start. (2)尽管面临着巨大的学习压力，同学们仍然勇敢前行。 _great pressure from study, the students are still working on bravely. 答案：(1)confronted with (2)Confronting,2count v数；计数；有价值；有重要性；认为 Lets count out loud (speak the words) from one to ten. 我们来大声地从1数到10。 Her opinion counts because of her experienc
8、e. 因为她有经验，所以她的意见很重要。 We count her as one of our oldest friends. 我们把她看作交情最久的一个朋友。 知识拓展 count it an honor to do sth. 以做某事为荣 count by thousands 以千计数 an accurate count 精确的计数,count on/upon 依靠，指望 count for nothing 毫无价值，不足信 count for little 简直无足轻重 count for much 关系重大 辨析 count, calculate count意为“计算，数”，是计算中最
9、基本的动作，尤指依序逐一计算。 calculate意为“计算，核算”，指通过较复杂的过程，如算术上加减乘除的运算，或数学上精密的计算等。,即学即用 完成句子 (1)天空中的星星数不清。 It is impossible _ _ _ _in the sky. (2)老人把她看成是自己的女儿。 The old man _ _ _ his own daughter. 答案：(1)to count the stars (2)counted her as,3lively adj.活泼的，有生气的 He is a lively child and popular with everyone. 他是一个活泼
10、的孩子，大家都喜欢他。 Our English teacher always makes his classes lively and interesting. 我们的英语老师总是能让他的课生动有趣。,You look lovely in blue. 你穿蓝色衣服看起来很漂亮。 Yesterday I watched the live football match between China and Kuwait. 昨天我看了中国和科威特的足球比赛的现场直播。 The boy, whose parents were buried alive in the earthquake, grows u
11、p now. 那个父母在地震中被活埋了的男孩现在长大了。,即学即用 用lively/live/alive/lovely/living填空 (1)She is a _ girl and we all like her. (2)His grandfather was the only soldier _ after the war. (3)The _ should achieve the dream for the dead. (4)She gave a_ account of her adventures. (5)The doctor used the best medicine to make
12、 sure the tiger was _. 答案：(1)lovely (2)alive (3)living (4)lively (5)live,4quarrel (1)vi. 吵架，争论，挑剔 Those children are always quarrelling over little things. 那些孩子们总是为小事而争吵。 (2)n. 争论，争辩，口角；争吵的理由，争论的原因 We had a quarrel about money. 我们就钱的问题争吵起来。 He has no quarrel with us. 他没有理由和我们争论。,知识拓展 quarrel about/f
13、or/over 为而争吵 quarrel with 抱怨，不同意 have a quarrel with sb. over/about sth. 因某事跟某人争吵,巧学助记 对话的不同形式,即学即用 用quarrel/argue/discuss的适当形式填空 (1)I _that we needed a larger office. (2)In spite of their_， they remained to be good friends. (3)I will call you on Friday to_the details of the position. 答案：(1)argued (
14、2)quarrel (3)discuss,5regret 1)n. 悔恨；懊悔；惋惜。常与介词at/for/over连用。 I felt a great regret at his spending his time in this way. 我对他这样浪费光阴深感惋惜。 Shelley had no regrets for his actions. 雪莱对他的行为一点都不感到后悔。 2)v. 感到遗憾，抱歉；懊悔；悔恨 (1)懊悔；因而遗憾(v.ing)(that) She regretted having missed the film. 她懊悔没能看上那场电影。,He regretted
15、 that the work had been left unfinished. 他很遗憾这件工作没有完成。 (2)为抱歉，遗憾(tov.)或者(that) I regret to say that we cant stay here any longer. 我很抱歉，我们不能再在这儿多呆了。 I regret that I cannot help. 很抱歉，此事我爱莫能助。,知识拓展 (1)regret to do sth. 因要做某事而感觉悲哀或不愉快。 I regret to say I cannot come. 很抱歉，我不能来了。 (2)regret doing sth. 因做过某事
16、而感觉懊悔。 I regret spending so much money on a car. 我后悔在一辆小汽车上花这么多钱。 (3)with great/deep regret非常遗憾地 (much) to ones regret(非常)令人感到遗憾的是 express regret at/for/over.对表示遗憾,即学即用 完成句子 (1)她懊悔没能看上那场电影。 She regretted _ the film. (2)很抱歉通知您，因航班延误，我将无法参加会议。 I regret _ you that due to the late arrival of my flight,
17、I wont be able to attend the meeting. (3)非常遗憾，我没有同他们一起去。 Much _， I didnt go with them. 答案：(1)having missed/not having seen (2)to inform (3)to my regret,6alike adj.相像的，相似的 adv.同样地 Friends are generally alike in background and tastes. 一般来说朋友的背景和品味都是相像的。 No two people think alike. 没有两个人的想法是一样的。,即学即用 完成
18、句子 (1)我们在音乐方面爱好相似。 We have _ tastes in music. (2)他像他的父亲。 Hes _ his father. (3)这对双胞胎长得像一个豆荚里的两颗豆子。 The twins are as _ as two peas in a pod. 答案：(1)similar (2)like (3)alike,7forgive v原谅，宽恕 I dont think shes ever quite forgiven me for getting her name wrong that time. 我认为那次把她的名字弄错后她一直都没完全原谅我。 Please for
19、give me for interrupting/my interrupting. 对不起，打搅了。 单词积累 forgiveness nU原谅 forgiving adj.宽容的，宽恕的，原谅的 知识拓展 forgive sb. for (doing)sth.原谅某人(做了)某事,即学即用 完成句子 (1)她终于原谅他忘了她的生日。 She eventually _ _ _ _ her birthday. (2)请原谅，我现在得走了。 _ _， but I must leave now. 答案：(1)forgave him for forgetting (2)Forgive me,8tear
20、 (1)v. 撕破，撕裂 She tore her skirt on the nail. 钉子钩破了她的裙子。 Dont pull the pages so hard or they will tear. 别那么使劲扯书页，那会撕破的。 (2)n. (常用复)眼泪，泪珠；作名词时读作tI； Tears come to your eyes when you cry. 当你哭的时候，眼里就会充满泪水。,知识拓展 tear sth. into/to pieces 把撕碎 tear sth. in half 把撕成两半 tear sth. open 把撕开/扯开 tear down 拆除，拆毁 tea
21、r sth. from/off/out of sth. 将从上撕下/分开 tear away from 从夺走 tear off 扯去；脱掉；跑掉 tear up 撕裂；拉起；取消(合同、协议) in tears 含着泪 burst into tears 突然哭起来,即学即用 完成句子 她太生气了以至于撕碎了这封信。 She was so angry that she_ _the letter. 答案：tore up,9predict v. 预言，预告，预报 The earthquake had been predicted several weeks before. 这次地震早在几周前就发布
22、了预报。 She predicted that the improvement would continue. 她预测情况将继续好转。 Its impossible to predict who will win. 要预测出谁将胜出是不可能的。 单词积累 prediction n预言，预测 predictor n预言者，预报器 predictable adj.可预知的，可预报的,即学即用 翻译句子 要预测出谁将获胜是不可能的。 _ 答案：It is impossible to predict who will win.,10pace (1)v. 踱步走 The lion paced the f
23、loor of his cage restlessly. 狮子烦躁地在兽笼里走来走去。 He paced up and down the platform, waiting for the train. 他在月台上踱来踱去，等候火车。 (2)n. (一)步，速度，步调，步法，步态 The work progressed at a slow pace. 这项工作进展缓慢。,知识拓展 keep pace (常与with连用)跟上，与同步，并驾齐驱 at a foots pace 用平常步走 at a good pace 相当快地 try sb.s paces 试某人本领 pace off 用步子量
24、出(一段距离) pace out 用步子量出(总长度) pace up and down 走来走去(尤指由于烦躁、焦虑等),即学即用 完成句子 她感到很难跟上他。 She found it hard to _ _ _ _. 答案：keep pace with him,1.make up (1)创造，编造 He made up a wonderful story to explain his absence. 他编了一个精彩的故事来解释他的缺席。 (2)和解，言归于好 Mary and John quarrelled, but made up after a while. 玛丽和约翰吵架了，但一
25、会儿他们又言归于好了。 (3)弥补，把补上 Because you were ill, youll have to make up the final exam. 因为你病了，你必须将期末考试补上。,(4)化妆，打扮 The actors were making up when we arrived. 当我们到达的时候，演员们正在化妆。 (5)构成，组成(常用被动) Nine players make up a team. 9个队员组成一个队。 知识拓展 make a/ones living 谋生 make friends (with)(和)交朋友 make fun of和开玩笑 make o
26、ut 理解，弄明白 make up ones mind 下决心 make use of 利用,即学即用 完成句子 (1)美国印第安人占美国人口的百分之五。 American Indians _ _ about five percent of the US. population. (2)村里的人都喜欢杰克，因为他很擅长讲笑话和编笑话。 Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ _ jokes. 答案：(1)make up (2)making up,2keep in touch with 保持联
27、系；了解 Have you kept in touch with him? 你与他保持着联系吗？ Have you kept in touch with the market while you have been out of work? 你失业后还了解市场吗？ 知识拓展 get in touch with 和取得联系 in/within touch 在能达到的地方，在的附近，可以做到的 in touch with 同有联系，了解的情况,lose touch with 和失去联系，对变得生疏 bring.in/into touch with 使接触，使认识 be out of touch w
28、ith get out of touch with 脱离，不了解，失去联系 注意：get in touch with/lose touch with强调动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用；be/keep/stay in/out of touch with强调状态，与表示一段时间的状语连用。,即学即用 完成句子 (1)干我这行，往往会与朋友失去联系。 In my job one tends to _ _ _ _. (2)自从我们分开以来，我一直与他保持联系。 I _ _ _ _ _ _ since we separated. 答案：(1)lose touch with friends (2)hav
29、e kept/been in touch with him,3(be) ashamed of 对感到惭愧/羞耻 You should be ashamed of what you have done. 你应为自己所做的事感到羞愧。 He has done nothing to be ashamed of. 他从未做过亏心的事情。 知识拓展 (1)be ashamed to do 以做为耻；羞于做 be ashamed that.对感到惭愧,即学即用 完成句子 (1)我对自己对父亲撒谎感到内疚。 I _ _ _ _ _ to my father. (2)汤姆因自己发脾气感到惭愧。 Tom _ _
30、 _ he had lost his temper. 答案：(1)was ashamed of having lied (2)was ashamed that,4be on good/friendly terms with与某人相处得很好或和睦 be on bad terms with 与某人相处得不好或不和睦 We have been on good terms with our parents. 我们和父母一直相处得很好。 The Greens have always been on bad terms with their neighbours. 格林一家一直和他们的邻居们不和。,知识拓
31、展 terms n. 条件，条款；措词；关系，交谊 bring sb. to terms 迫使某人同意(或接受条件)；迫使某人屈服 come to terms with 甘心忍受(不愉快的处境)；妥协；让步 in terms of 就而言，从的方面(来说) keep on good terms (with sb.) (同某人)保持友好关系 keep terms with. sb. 同某人交往；同某人友好 make terms 达成协议,即学即用 单句改错 He seemed to be in good terms with the people behind the bar. _ 答案：把in
32、改为on,5bring.to mind (使)想起 I cant seem to bring to mind the name of the place. 我似乎想不起这地方的名称。 Can you bring to mind the name of the child? 你记得起那孩子的姓名吗？ 注意： 若bring的宾语是短语或较长的名词结构，则多后置，呈现为bring to mind宾语的形式。如例句，可还原为 I cant seem to bring the name of the place to mind. Can you bring the name of the child t
33、o mind?,知识拓展 bring的相关词组还有： bring about 引起，造成 bring back 回忆，使忆起，归还 bring down 使落下，使倒下，减低 bring forth 引起，提出，产生，致使，造成，结(果) bring forward 提出 bring in 赚到，引进，推广，收割 bring up 养育，提出,即学即用 完成句子 孩子们在草地上玩耍的场面使我想起了我的童年时光。 The scene of children playing on the grass _ my childhood _ _. 答案：brought; to mind,6in retur
34、n 反过来，作为交换 You sent me your watch and in return I gave you my book. 你给我寄来了你的手表，作为回报我把我的书送给你。 I bought him a drink in return for his help. 我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助。 知识拓展 in return for sth. 作为某事的回报 in turn 依次；逐个地；反之 by turns 轮流地，逐个地,即学即用 用by turns/in turn/in return完成句子 (1)They have always treated us with open han
35、d and we must be generous_. (2)The girls called out their names _. (3)He gets cheerful and depressed_. 答案：(1)in return (2)in turn (3)by turns,1.I was blessed with a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have. 我很幸运拥有一个快乐的童年，一个大多数人都想拥有的童年。 (1)句中one为a happy childhood的同位语，that引导的定语从句，来修饰on
36、e。one前是否带有限定词，取决于它所替代的词是泛指，还是特指。如是特指要带限定词。 He has an excuse for being late, one that sounds reasonable. 他有一个迟到的理由，一个听起来合情合理的理由。,(2)句中的be blessed with表示“在某方面有福气，幸运地享有。” She is blessed with excellent health. 她身体很好，是一种福气。 She is blessed with immense talent and boundless energy. 她才智非凡，精力无限。 Other parts
37、of the country were blessed with timely rains, too. 国内其它的地方也下了及时雨。,辨析 it, that, one itthen.，特指同一东西，即前文提及的东西； thatthen.，指同类东西，而非同一东西，只是名称相同，而实质并不一样； onean.，泛指同类东西，不确定指某一具体的东西。,即学即用 用it, that, one填空 (1)If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get _ for me? (2)Im moving to the countryside
38、 because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. (3)Where is my dictionary? I left _right on the desk. 答案：(1)one (2)that (3)it,2You love the rosesso do I. 你热爱玫瑰，我也如此。 “so do I”属于“so助词词/系动词/情态动词主语”倒装句式，表示前面所描述的肯定情况也适用于另外的人或物。 Mary likes English. So do I. 玛丽喜欢英语，我也喜欢。 If you go outing tomorr
39、ow, so will I. 如果明天你去郊游，我也会去。,即学即用 完成句子 我的房间在晚上的时候很冷。 My room gets very cold at night. 我的也是。 _ 答案：So does mine.,Having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 失去了所有的老朋友，我在新学校感到既害羞又孤单。 Having been written in haste, the essay was not worth reading. 这篇文章是匆忙写成的，不值得去读。 知识拓展 1)动词i
40、ng形式的一般式与动词ing形式的完成式的区别： (1)动词ing形式的完成式不仅表示其动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，而且两个动作之间有一定的时间间隔。常在句中作状语。,(2)动词ing形式的一般式表示该动作与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补或状语。虽然有时也表示其动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，但是两个动作之间没有时间间隔。 Locking the door, she went downstairs. 把门锁上后，她便下楼了。 Having finished his work, he went out to play. 完成作业后，他就出去玩了。 注意：
41、after动词ing形式的一般式也可以表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,After watching TV, he went to bed. 看完电视后，他上床睡觉了。 2)动词ing形式的完成式与过去分词的区别： (1)动词ing形式的完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前已经发生或完成，其中动词和主语之间为主动关系。在句中作状语。 (2)过去分词表示动作已发生或已完成，其中的动词与主语之间为被动关系。在句中可以作表语、定语、宾补或状语。 Having dressed myself, I went to the office. 穿好衣服后，我就去了办公室。,Wounded, the brave so
42、ldier continued to fight. 虽然受伤了，那名勇敢的战士仍然继续战斗。 注意：作状语时，有时过去分词和动词ing形式的完成被动式可互换。 (Having been) Married sixty years, they still love each other. 他们结婚已经有60年了，仍然爱着对方。 .跟动词ing形式或带to的动词不定式作宾语 1)只跟不定式作宾语的动词 这类动词有：agree, decline(拒绝)，refuse, offer, promise, choose, decide, attempt (企图), manage, fail, ask, ho
43、pe, want, expect, wish, tend, desire, seek (寻求), claim (声称), plan, prepare, pretend, afford, demand, threaten, happen, hesitate, prefer等。,助记 只跟不定式的动词 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 (decide/determine, learn, want, hope/wish/expect; refuse/decline, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, pla
44、n; agree, ask/beg, help),2)只跟动词ing 形式作宾语的动词(短语) 喜欢考虑逃避免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid) 停止放弃太冒险(stop, give up, risk) 介意想像莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put off) 要求完成是期盼(require, finish, look forward to) 建议继续勤练习(suggest, go on, practice) 不禁原谅要坚持(cant help, excuse, insist on) 继续介意成功来(keep on, mind, succeed
45、 in),I remember meeting him at a party once. 我记得曾经在一个聚会上见过他。 Remember to remind me. 记得要提醒我。 4)在表示“需要”的动词，如need, demand, require, want等后，跟动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义，相当于不定式的被动语态。 The room needs cleaning. (The room needs to be cleaned.) 房间需要打扫。,注意：be worth后跟动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义。 His advice is worth considering.
46、他的建议值得考虑。,高考直击 (1)(2014江西改编)_(spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel . 答案：Having spent 本题考查的是分词做状语用法。动词spend与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词spending的形式，而本句中spend all our money是发生在谓语动词之前的，所以使用现在分词的完成式having spent。句意：几乎把所有的钱都花完了，我们没有钱住宾馆了。,(2)(2014福建改编)_(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 答案：Having spent 本题考查现在分词的完成时。Linda与spend之间是主动关系，同时spend在谓语动作之前已经发生，所以用现在分词的完成时。,
