1、第2讲 句法类错误,考点1 主谓一致误用 【典例】1. (2018全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.,【考场思维】 根据and之前的is, 可判断include的时态。 找出include的主语: that。 尝试解答: _,includeincludes,2. (2016浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. 【考场思维】 主谓判断: 主语是we
2、; 谓语动词应该使用复数。 尝试解答: _,waswere,3. (2018绵阳三模)My village lie in the mountains in southwest China. 【考场思维】 主谓判断: 主语为My village, 谓语动词应该用单数。 尝试解答: _,lielies,【过关检测】 1. I, together with him, were going to do just as what we had discussed. ( ) 2. Selling newspapers not only makes some money butalso give us so
3、me working experience during the summer vacation. ( ),werewas,givegives,3. Tom, as well as his children, are to visit Beijing thissummer. ( ) 4. I, who is your teacher, will do my best to help you. ( ),areis,isam,【技法点金】 1. 判断主谓语是关键 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 动词-ing形式、不定式或名词性从句作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数。注意: 名词性从句
4、表示复数概念时, 谓语动词应用复数。,就近原则常见的有: either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , there be等。 就远原则常见的有: together with, as well as, but, except等。,在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数。 定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。,2. 附加成分是难点 对于分隔现象, 可利用“减一减”原则: 先从整体上把握主干, 再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成分等分隔干扰部分, 使结构简化。,考点2
5、从句误用 【典例】(2018全国卷)I was afraid that to speak infront of a large group of people. 【考场思维】 结构分析: 从句式看, afraid后不是宾语从句; afraid后 的to do不定式是原因状语。 尝试解答: _,去掉afraid后的that,【过关检测】 1. (2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
6、 ( ) 2. (2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. ( ),thatwhich,thatwhere,3. (2016全国卷)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. ( ) 4. (2017全国卷)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines
7、and musical instruments. ( ),howwhat,they改为,that或which,5. (2016四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite. ( ) 6. (2015四川高考)How do you think I should do? ( ),whatthat/which或去掉what,HowWhat,7. (2015全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were miss
8、ing. ( ) 8. (2018岳阳二模)We admire him not only for that he did, but also his positive attitude towards life. ( ),wherethat或去掉where,thatwhat,9. (2018南昌二模)To the west of the village was a sandy field, where was the source of much dust. ( ) 10. Li Mei is the student whom handwriting is the best in our cl
9、ass. ( ),wherewhich,whomwhose,【技法点金】 1. 关注定语从句中只用which不用that的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时。 The building, which attracts many visitors, is designed by my father.,位于介词后面时。 Great changes have taken place in the city in which they live.,2. 明辨关系代词和关系副词误用 引导词用关系代词还是关系副词关键还是看先行词在从句中作的成分。若引导词作状语, 则使用关系副词(when代指时间, where代指地点, why代指原因); 若引导词作主语、宾语、定语等成分, 则使用关系代词。,3. 理清that/which和whose的误用 which/that在定语从句中作主语、宾语等成分, 而whose在从句中作定语, 表示“的”。,4. 牢记that与what引导名词性从句的区别 that引导名词性从句只起连接作用, 在从句中不作任何成分, 无意义, 在宾语从句中通常省略, 但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略; what除引导从句外, 还在从句中作成分, 意为“所的(东西)”, 在含义上等于“名词+that”。,
