1、Period Three ,Grammar，Speaking & Writing,交际导航 口语积累运用,语法专题 复习v.-ing的用法,写作专题 写一封介绍旅游景点的说明文,栏目索引,语法精析,语法专题,一、结构,复习v.-ing的用法,二、意义 1.v.-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或正在进行，用一般式：doing/being done。如： The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 正在建造的房子是一所希望小学。 Passing by the accident scene，I saw a man badly hur
2、t being carried onto an ambulance. 从事故现场经过，我看到一个严重受伤的人正被抬上救护车。,2.v.-ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式：having done/having been done。如： Having closed all the windows，I went home. 关上所有的窗子，我回家了。 Having been invited to the party，Tom was very happy. 被邀请参加聚会，汤姆很高兴。 3.分词与其逻辑主语是被动关系时，要用被动语态。,三、作用 v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动
3、名词两部分。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1.动名词和现在分词作表语的区别 动名词作表语时，表示一般的概念，其主语多为抽象名词。 如： Her job is looking after the patients.(动名词作表语) 她的工作是照顾病人。 现在分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词，表示“令人的”。 如： The situation here is inspiring.(现在分词作表语) 这里的形势令人鼓舞。,即时跟踪1 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)Some peoples greatest pleasure is (
4、fish). (2)The report was so (inspire) that they were all excited.,答案,fishing,inspiring,2.动名词和现在分词作定语的区别 动名词作定语常说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。 如： a washing machinea machine which is used for washing 洗衣机 a reading rooma room for reading 阅览室 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作，单个的现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词的前面，短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面，只用一般式。 如：,t
5、he rising sunthe sun which is rising 正在升起的太阳 a moving filma film which is moving 感人的电影 The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river. The bridge which is being built now is the third bridge across the river. (being done表示正在被建) 现在正在建造的大桥是跨这条河的第三座了。,即时跟踪2 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)At present，E
6、nglish is the main subject (teach) here. (2)Who are those people with the banner? A group (call) itself the League for peace. (3)The pen (lie) on the table belongs to me.,答案,being taught,calling,lying,3.动名词作主语 动名词作主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为。 如： Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山是非常有趣的事。 动名词短语作主语有时常用it作形式主语，把动
7、名词短语置于句尾。常见的句型有：,即时跟踪3 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1) (learn) a language requires time and effort. (2)It is no good (smoke).You should give it up.,答案,Learning,smoking,4.动名词作宾语 常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词有(口诀)： 避免错过(少)延期avoid/miss/delay 建议完成(多)练习suggest/advise/finish/practise 喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/cant help 承认否
8、定(与)嫉妒admit/deny/envy 逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/risk/pardon/excuse 忍受保持(不)在意stand/keep/keep on/mind,即时跟踪4 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)I forgot (sign) my name when I finished (write) the composition. (2)I suggested (go) for a walk.,答案,to sign,writing,going,5.现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作正在进行。 如： He found himself lyi
9、ng on the ground when he came to himself. 当他苏醒过来，他发现自己正躺在地上。 常见的跟现在分词作宾语补足语的词有：see，watch，notice，hear，look at，listen to，have，get，keep，find等。 注意：let，make后不跟现在分词作宾语补足语。,即时跟踪5 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1)He kept me (wait) for many hours. (2)Mother caught the boy (smoke) in the corner. (3)Having read the Emperors Ne
10、w Clothes，we all found it _ (interest).,答案,waiting,smoking,interesting,6.现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式以及作评论性状语等。现在分词的一般式作状语往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。完成式作状语往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。 如： Hearing the news，they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息他们都高兴地跳了起来。 Having finished his speech，he answered our questions. 演讲结束后，他回答了我们的问
11、题。 现在分词的一般被动式强调状语的动作与主语是被动关系，且正在进行。,现在分词的完成被动式强调时间先后，表示的动作在谓语动词之前已经完成，且状语动作与主语是被动关系。 Being used by me now，the bike cant be lent to you. 由于我正在使用，这辆自行车不能借给你。 Having been used for many years，the bike needs repairing. 已经使用了多年了，这辆自行车需要修理。,即时跟踪6 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (1) (hear) the cry for help，people immediately
12、rushed out of the rooms. (2) (say) hello，he reached out his hand. (3) (suffer) such heavy pollution，it may now be too late to clean up the river.,答案,Hearing,Saying,Having suffered,7.现在分词作评论性状语 有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的有： generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking
13、严格说来 roughly speaking大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/by由判断 Judging from her accent，she must come from Australia. 从她的口音判断，她一定来自澳大利亚。,8.v.-ing 的逻辑主语 v.-ing形式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，通常是v.-ing形式前可以加一个代词或名词充当自己的主语，动名词的这种结构称为复合结构；现在分词的这种结构称为独立主格结构。形式如下： 物主代词/名词所有格动名词(作宾语时可用人称代词宾语动名词或名词动名词) 名词/人称代词主格现在分词 Marys
14、 coming late made her teacher angry.(动名词复合结构作主语) 玛丽的迟到使老师很生气。,Do you mind my/me smoking? (动名词复合结构作宾语) 你介意我吸烟吗？ It raining hard，we had to stay at home.(现在分词的独立主格结构作状语) (由于)天在下雨，我们只能待在家里。,即时跟踪7 (1)她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。to help encouraged all of us. (2)我能用一下你的望远镜吗？ Would you mind your telescope? (3)所有学生坐好之后，讲座开
15、始了。 All the students the lecture began.,答案,Her coming,my/me using,having sat down,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国) 2.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground， (wonde
16、r) whether to stay or leave. (2015湖南) 3.The park was full of people， (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. (2015北京),答案,高考链接,living,wondering,enjoying,5. (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津) 6.Keep (hold) your position for a while.(2014辽宁) 7.Last night，there were
17、millions of people (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.(2014北京) 8.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without _ (recognize).(2014北京) 9.Today there are more airplanes (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.(2014大纲全国) 10. (understand) your own needs and styles of
18、 communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.(2014湖南),Having worked,holding,watching,being,recognized,carrying,Understanding,答案,.单句改错(每题仅1处错误) 1.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错) _ 2.My favo
19、rite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015陕西，短文改错) _ 3.Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. (2015四川，短文改错) _,lookslooking,enjoyenjoying,singsinging,答案,4.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. (2015浙江，短文改错) _ 5.Ha
20、ve tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner. (2013新课标全国，短文改错) _ 6.Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. (2013陕西，短文改错) _ 7.After think for some time，I let her copy my answers. (2013四川，短文改错) _,sitsitting,HaveHaving,FeltFeeling,thinkthinking,答案,返回,E
21、motions (joy，fear，anxiety，surprise) 1.I became so excited that. 2.Im looking forward to. 3.Perfect! 4.You did a good job. 5.Im frightened. 6.I was trembling. 7.I was so anxious. 8.I felt very nervous.,交际导航,口语积累运用,9.Oh，my goodness. 10.Oh，no! 11.I had never felt so happy as. 12.Doesnt that look lovely
22、? 13.I cant wait. 14.I was never so frightened. 15.Whats happening? 16.Whats happened? 17.Whats that noise? 18.Wheres the.?,即时跟踪 语法填空 Babara：You look 1. (tire).Whats the matter with you? Bob：Nothing serious.I want to have a job after graduation.I am under great pressure. Babara：Do you find 2. diffic
23、ult to find a suitable job this year? Bob：Yes.Now college graduates 3. (encourage) to start their own businesses，which sounds really good for us.At 4._ same time，we can get some valuable social experience and we may also know more about ourselves and society.,答案,tired,it,are being encouraged,the,Bab
24、ara：Yes，but it is not as easy as you imagine.For college graduates there are a lot of problems，especially the one of not 5._(have) enough money.And our education doesnt provide enough knowledge on 6. to solve it. Bob：Maybe you are right.But our government allows college graduates to borrow money fro
25、m banks 7. maybe some can get money from their parents. Babara：But you have to pay back the money sooner or later.So some college graduates prefer to live a 8. (peace) life rather than start their own businesses through job-hunting which is very competitive.,having,how,and,peaceful,答案,答案,返回,Bob：Oh，t
26、hey dont have dreams.But I have made 9. my mind to achieve my dream.How about you? Babara：Well，it always takes time to consider before 10. (make) a decision.,up,making,文体指导 旅游景点介绍属于说明文。说明文写作要特别注意知识的科学性、准确性和行文的条理性。介绍旅游景点时，要对旅游地的位置、历史和景点等进行简要介绍；也可介绍别人对旅游地和景点的评价。,写作专题,基础点拨,写一篇介绍旅游景点的说明文,写作步骤 第一步：整体介绍旅游
27、地，可以包括其基本地理信息、历史人文特色或旅游的重要性和必要性等。 第二步：具体介绍地方特色，可以从风景、人文等方面入手，突出特色，把握重点。 第三步：指导游客衣食住行等方面的信息，并充分考虑游客的需要。 时态常用一般现在时态，人称常常用第三人称。在写作过程中，作者可以按空间顺序，由远及近，由上及下，由外及里，由前到后组织材料，也可以按视线转移的顺序组织材料。,常用句式 1.A be located in/lie in/to the east of B 2.cover an area of. 3.A be surrounded by B 4.has a population of. 5.has
28、 a long history of/with a long history of 6.As is known to all，. 7.consist of/be made up of 8.a variety of./various 9.be famous/wellknown for.,10.have a good time/enjoy oneself 11.It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. 12.pay a visit to./visit 13.One more thing you s
29、houldnt miss is. 14.sth.is well worth visiting 15.You will find it (is) a city of great fun. 16.With its pleasant climate，rich natural resources and picturesque scenery，.is one of the major tourist cities in China.,写作任务 一英文网站开办了“谁不说俺家乡好”的征文。假设你是杭州的一名中学生，请根据提示用英文写一篇文章参赛，介绍自己的家乡杭州，让人们了解杭州，喜欢杭州。 内容包括：
30、1.位置：位于我国东南沿海，钱塘江畔； 2.历史： (1)意大利旅行家马可波罗曾经来过此地； (2)曾是我国几代王朝的国都，有许多名刹古塔，历史悠久；,佳作构建,3.风景：美丽的西湖三面环山，吸引了很多国内外游客。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.不要逐字翻译，可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。,答案,审题谋篇 第一步 明确要求 本篇文章的体裁是一篇描述性的 文。写作目的是介绍自己的家乡杭州。主体时态采用 时。文章的主题是_ _。 第二步 确定段落 正文可分成三个部分： 第一段：_ 第二段：_ 第三段：_,说明,一般现在,让人们更加了解祖国,的大好河山,主要阐述杭州所处的地理位置；,主要描述杭州的
31、悠久历史和名胜古迹；,欢迎人们到自己的家乡来旅游。,第三步 词汇热身 1.欢迎到 _ 2.众所周知 _ 3.在中国的东海岸 _ 4.一个著名的意大利旅行家 _ 5.有悠久历史 _ 6.西湖 _ 7.三面青山环绕，四周有很多公园 _ 8.大量的 _ 9.人间天堂 _,Welcome to.,It is well-known to us all that.,on the east coast of China,a well-known Italian traveler,with a long history,the West Lake,with green hills on three sides
32、 and many beautiful parks around,a large number of,a heaven on earth,答案,答案,第四步 句式升级 1.杭州是中国东海岸的一座坐落在钱塘江畔的美丽城市。 (一般表达)Hangzhou is a beautiful city on the east coast of China by the Qiantang River. (句式升级1) ，Hangzhou is well-known to us all for its beauty on the east coast of China. (句式升级2)It is well-k
33、nown to us all that Hangzhou is a beautiful city on the east coast of China， .(定语从句),Lying by the Qiantang River,which lies by the Qiantang River,答案,2.西湖，三面环山，公园众多，吸引了大量中外游客。 (一般表达)The West Lake is surrounded by hills on three sides and has many beautiful parks and it attracts many visitors from hom
34、e and abroad. (句式升级1)The West Lake， is surrounded by green hills on three sides and has many beautiful parks，attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad. (句式升级2)The West Lake，_ _，attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad.(with复合结构),with green hills on three sides and many
35、 beautiful parks around,which,连句成篇 Welcome to Our Beloved City Hangzhou!It is well-known to us all that Hangzhou is a beautiful city on the east coast of China，which lies by the Qiantang River.Marco Polo，a well-known Italian traveler is said to have visited Hangzhou，and has been attracted by its bea
36、utiful places.Hangzhou is one of the oldest cities with a long history.It was the capital of many dynasties.As a result，it has a lot of famous temples and old towers.The West Lake，with green hills on three sides and many beautiful parks around，attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad. People call it a heaven on earth.My hometown is a dreamy place for you to relax.If you have an opportunity，youd better come here.,返回,本课结束,
