1、语法专项提升 专题一.单句语法填空 1My interest came from my father who was a photographer; he had a lot of equipment(equip) lying around in the darkroom.解析 句意：我的兴趣源于我的摄影师父亲，他在暗房里摆放了很多仪器。equip 的名词是不可数的。2The doctor told Mary that too much exposure(expose) to the sun is bad for the skin.解析 句意：医生告诉玛丽在阳光下暴露太久对皮肤不好。too m
2、uch 修饰不可数名词。3Not having been given a written permission(permit), he had to write another letter to the president of the university. 解析 句意：因为没有得到书面许可，他不得不给这所大学的校长再写一封信。written(adj.书面的；文字的)作定语修饰名词。4If transport costs had been taken into consideration(consider) at the beginning, the factory would have
3、been built far from its present place.解析 句意：如果一开始就考虑运输成本，这座工厂就会建在离目前厂址很远的地方。take.into consideration 考虑到 。5As Susan stared at the piles of plastic in her recycling bin, a strong sense of responsibility(responsible) made her stick to her recycling work.解析 句意：当苏珊盯着回收箱里成堆的塑料时，强烈的责任感让她坚持她的回收工作。此处介词 of 后用
4、名词，a sense of responsibility 责任感，责任心。6With the help of some witnesses, three criminals were caught and asked to aid in the investigation(investigate)解析 句意：在一些目击者的帮助下，三名罪犯被抓捕并被要求协助调查。由 aid in sth及设空前的 the 可知，此处用名词。7It is not only an embarrassment for sufferers but a test of endurance(endure) for fami
5、ly and friends. 解析 句意：这不仅对受害者来说很尴尬，对于家人和朋友来说也是一种忍耐力的考验。此处介词 of 后用名词。8In view of all sorts of rumors and guesses, experts carried out some careful and scientific research and discounted the possibility(possible) of a second earthquake in this area.解析 句意：针对各种谣言和猜测，专家进行了一些谨慎且科学的研究，排除了这一地区再一次发生地震的可能性。由空
6、前的 the 和空后的 of 可知，此处用名词。9Each of us is likely to develop a personal preference(prefer) for certain types of entertainment.解析 句意：我们每个人都可能会形成自己对于某种娱乐的偏爱。personal 作定语修饰名词。10He also learned to overcome difficulties(difficulty) by practicing instead of only listening to others.解析 句意：他还通过实践学会克服困难，而不是只听从别人
7、。difficulty 既可作可数名词，表示具体的困难；也可作不可数名词，表示抽象的概念“困难，难度” ，如在 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 结构中，difficulty 就为不可数名词。11A report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences said unemployment(employ) among new graduates grew to over 12 percent last year because of the global economic crisis.解析 句意：中国社会科
8、学院的一份报告显示，由于全球经济危机，去年应届毕业生失业率增长到 12%以上。分析句子结构可知，空处应是名词作宾语从句的主语。根据句意，应用 unemployment。12Considering the severe fact of global warming, the top priority of all nations is to reduce CO2 emissions(emit) and increase the use of renewable energy.解析 句意：考虑到全球变暖的严峻事实，所有国家的首要任务是减少二氧化碳的排放，增加可再生能源的使用。空处是名词作动词 re
9、duce 的宾语。 13He had not left any material possessions(possess) behind. But he had been a kind and loving father, and left behind his best love.解析 句意：他没有留下任何物质财富，但他是一位慈爱的父亲，他留下了他最好的爱。leave.behind 留下；将留在身后，为固定搭配，此处 leave 是及物动词，其后可用名词作宾语；表示“所有物”时，possession 常用复数形式。14Bob was fired the other day simply be
10、cause he failed to live up to the bosss expectations(expect)解析 句意：几天前鲍勃被解雇了，仅仅因为他辜负了老板的期望。come/live up to/meet/answer sbs expectations 不负某人所望，为固定搭配。【拓展】beyond (sbs) expectation(s)出乎(某人) 意料。15Toms impoliteness(polite) was beyond endurance and he was asked to leave the room by his grandma.解析 句意：汤姆的无礼令
11、人无法忍受，因而他的祖母要求他离开房间。根据名词所有格 Toms 可知，空处要填名词；从句意看，应用 politeness 的反义词。16It took us quite a long time to get thereit was a three hours(hour) journey.解析 句意：我们花了很长时间到达那里那是一次三个小时的旅程。根据句意此处用名词所有格作定语。17The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of shoes, so her mother went to some shoe(shoe) sto
12、res.解析 句意：小女孩儿要她的母亲给她买一双漂亮的鞋，所以她的母亲去逛了一些鞋店。名词作定语，一般用单数形式。【拓展】名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外： (1)用复数作定语。man, woman 用于名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修 饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如：a woman writer/some women writers(女作家)。(2)有些名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式，或者用于某一意义时，习惯上要用复数形式，此时它们 用作定语显然只能用复数。如：goods train(货车)，customs officer(海关人员)，clothes line(晾衣绳)，sports m
13、eeting(运动会) ，students readingroom(学生阅览室) ，talks table (谈判桌) 等。18There are certain techniques(technique) you can learn and then it is up to you to practice.解析 句意：有些特定的技巧供你学习，然后练习取决于你自己。technique 在此意为“技巧” ，为可数名词；根据 there are 可知，应用复数形式。technique 意为“技术；技能”时，为不可数名词。19For Americans, distance in a social c
14、onversation is about an arms length(long) to front feet.解析 句意：对于美国人来说，社交谈话的距离大约是距前脚一臂之远。an arms length 一手臂长的距离。20I have to interrupt your meeting because the news is of great importance(important)解析 句意：我不得不打断你们的会议，因为这个消息太重要了。 be of名词be 名词的同根形容词。21The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in
15、deep thought(think)解析 句意：系主任听着他们悲伤的故事，陷入了沉思。get lost in (doing) sth 沉迷于/陷于( 做 )某事，为固定搭配。thought 意为“思维过程，思考”时，为不可数名词。22Worried about the preparations(prepare) for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons, and other fruit.解析 句意：由于担心宴会的准备工作，莱拉带着采集的坚果、甜瓜和其他水果，很快回到家中。根据
16、定冠词 the 及空后的 for her feast 可知，空处要用名词。preparation 表示“准备工作”时常用复数形式。23I was born in Shanxi Province and Im in good health(healthy)解析 句意：我出生在山西，身体健康。be in good health 身体健康，其中 health 为不可数名词。24Besides, wed better have meals(meal) regularly.解析 句意：除此之外，我们最好有规律地吃饭。have meals 吃饭，为固定搭配。25. Organizations(organi
17、ze) around the world recognize our diplomas.解析 句意：世界各地的机构都承认我们的毕业文凭。名词作主语，且根据谓语动词recognize 可知，空处应用复数形式。26I stopped and found that they were tourists(tour) from Canada who carelessly left a very important wallet in the taxi.解析 句意：我停下来，发现他们是来自加拿大的游客，他们粗心地将一个非常重要的钱包落在了出租车里。由 they were 可判断空处用复数形式。27The
18、London Eye, which is 450 feet in height(high) above the Thames River, is the worlds biggest spinning structure.解析 句意：伦敦眼高 450 英尺，耸立于泰晤士河上，是世界上最大的旋转建筑。in height 高度，为固定搭配。28The park was full of freshness and beauty(beautiful) of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing.解析 句意：阳光照耀，鸟儿歌唱，公园里充满了春天的清
19、新和美丽。根据 and 前的freshness 可知，空处用名词，表示抽象意义。29Maybe these following advice(advise) can help you.解析 句意：也许下面这些建议能帮到你。advice 为不可数名词。30They are trying to make people understand that donating blood is one of the most significant forms(form) of charity.解析 句意：他们正努力使人们明白献血是慈善最重要的形式之一。 “one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”为固
20、定结构，意为“最之一” 。.单句改错1 “If your dog destroys the when you are away, it could be a pessimist.” furnitures furnitureresearchers concluded.解析 句意：研究人员总结道：“如果你的爱犬趁你不在时破坏家具，那它可能是一条悲观的狗。 ”furniture 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。2Put yourself in situations where youre forced to communicate in English, and youll see more over
21、time.progresses progress解析 句意：将自己置身于被迫用英语交流的情景中，随着时间的推移，你会看到更大的进步。progress 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。3You mustnt use cell phone here in our hospital because of the disturbance to the electronic ！ Its forbidden.equipments equipment解析 句意：在我们医院你不准使用手机，因为它干扰电子设备！这是禁止的。equipment 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。4All countries need acc
22、urate, timely and reliable climate as well as high informations informationquality climate services.解析 句意：所有国家都需要准确、及时和可靠的气候信息以及高质量的气候服务。information 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。5The rise in wood fuel use has contributed to the of forests and the loss of disappear disappearancehabitats for pandas.解析 句意：木质燃料消耗的增加导致
23、了森林的消失和大熊猫栖息地的丧失。由句中的and 及 the loss 可知，应用 disappear 的名词形式 disappearance。6A young woman called 110 and the soon arrived at the scene. polices police解析 句意：一位年轻女士拨打了 110，警察很快就到达了现场。 police 是集合名词，无复数形式。7If you do run a race without training, you might simply run out of and have to breathe breathwalk. 解析
24、 句意：如果你不练习就去参加赛跑，你很快会因上气不接下气而不得不停下来走。breathe 是动词，而 out of 后应跟名词 breath。8 “She is sincerely confident and has good grasp of her strengths and weaknesses， ” asaid Dr Baird, “and she is wise beyond her years.”解析 句意：“她非常自信并深知自己的强项和弱项， ”拜尔德博士说， “而且她的聪慧超过了她的同龄人。 ”grasp 本是抽象名词，其前加形容词 (good)，就是抽象名词具体化。have
25、a good grasp of 深刻了解 。9We could hear the sound of the rain and our footsteps mixed with our .laughters laughter解析 句意：我们可以听到雨声、我们的脚步声和我们的笑声混杂在一起。laughter 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。【警示】短语 burst into laughter(放声大笑) 容易误写成 burst into laughters。10Your life will be filled with different ， so the important thing is to
26、make commitment commitmentsa list of all of them and evaluate each.解析 句意：你的生活会被各种承诺填满，所以重要的是把它们列入一张清单，并对它们进行逐个评估。commitment 意为“承诺”时为可数名词，different 此处意为“各种的，各不相同的” ，后跟名词复数形式。11We were very happy to help each other and had lots of .funs fun解析 句意：我们很乐意互相帮助，而且玩得很开心。fun 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。12Ordinary woman tho
27、ugh she is, she has won the award because she tries every to mean meansmake people aware of the importance of the environment conservation.解析 句意：虽然她只是一个普通女人，但她赢得了这个奖项，因为她想方设法让人们意识到环境保护的重要性。means 意为“方式，方法”时，单复数同形；mean 无此意。13I have traveled to many other places in China these years, but never have I t
28、asted better fish than my .uncle uncles解析 句意：这些年来我跑遍了中国许多其他地方，但我从来没有品尝过比我叔叔做得更好吃的鱼。than 的前后是鱼的比较，即别的地方的鱼和我叔叔做的鱼相比，而不是别的地方的鱼和我叔叔相比，故 uncle 应用名词所有格形式。14I enjoyed myself in the ocean of ， either doing research for my papers or knowledges knowledgereading special edition books.解析 句意：我喜欢徜徉在知识的海洋里，要么为我的论文
29、作研究要么阅读特刊。knowledge 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。但有时其前可加不定冠词，使抽象名词具体化。如：a good knowledge of 通晓/ 熟知。15During your stay here, Ill take you to some places of and you can taste some interests interestlocal snacks.解析 句意：在您逗留此地期间，我将带您去参观一些名胜古迹，并且您可以品尝一些当地小吃。of interest 在句中作后置定语，意为“有吸引力的，使人感兴趣的” ，此时interest 为不可数名词，place
30、of interest 名胜古迹。【拓展】(1)interest 意为“兴 趣”时，是抽象名词，没有复数形式，但可以与不定冠词连用。have/develop an interest in 对产生兴趣；show/lose an interest in 对表现出/失去兴趣。如：He showed an interest in sports.他对运动表现出兴趣。(2)interest 意为“感兴趣的事；爱好”时，为可数名词，并且常用复数形式。如：His two great interests in life are music and chess.他生活中的两大乐趣是听音乐和下国际象棋。16Firs
31、t of all, we have to recognize our and weaknesses.strength strengths解析 句意：首先，我们必须认清我们的优缺点。strengths and weaknesses 优缺点；优势和劣势。17It was great success to host such a big event at our place.a解析 句意：在我们这个地方举办如此盛大的活动是一件非常成功的事情。此处是抽象名词具体化，a success 意为“ 一位成功的人或一件成功的事” 。18We paid a visit to a remote village,
32、and there was a four walk.hours hours解析 句意：我们参观了一个偏远的小村庄，走了四个小时到那里。此处是名词所有格作定语，并且由 four 可知，hour 应用复数形式。19The shop is just around the corner two blocks away, and you cant miss it.bicycles bicycle解析 句意：自行车店就在两个街区外的转弯处，你不会错过它的。此处用名词作定语。20In my opinion, being a volunteer teacher at the Hope Primary Scho
33、ol is more than just .taught teaching解析 句意：在我看来，在希望小学做一名志愿者老师并不仅仅是教学。根据句意可知，more than 在此处表示“不仅仅 ”，其后应接名词。【拓展】more than 的用法：(1)后接名词，表示 “不只是；不 仅仅” 。如： Bamboo is used for more than building.(2)后接数 词，表示“超过，多于 ”。如：Altogether there are more than 500 different kinds of trees.(3)后接形容词或副词，表示“非常，很” 。如： In doi
34、ng scientific experiment, one must be more than careful with the instruments.21Sometimes we talk to each other online very well, but we become when offline.stranger strangers解析 句意：有时我们在网上聊得很好，但是线下我们就变成了陌生人。根据 we 可知，stranger 要用复数形式。22I saw your wife and children waiting for you with warm on their fac
35、es.smile smiles解析 句意：我看见你的妻子和孩子们脸上带着热情的笑容在等你。根据 their faces 可知，smile 要用复数形式。23However, too much exposure to cell phones is bad for people in of health.term terms解析 句意：然而，过多接触手机对人们的健康有害。in terms of 就而言；从角度，为固定搭配。24As I walked downstairs to leave the McDonalds, two university students caught my .eyes
36、eye解析 句意：当我下楼准备离开麦当劳时，两名大学生引起了我的注意。catch ones eye引起某人注意，为固定搭配，eye 在此短语中是一个抽象名词，意为 “注意力；目光” ，而非“眼睛” ，意同 attention，没有复数形式。25For example, we can do reading for one and a half and play sports for one hour hour hoursevery day.解析 句意：例如，我们可以每天读一个半小时书并且做一个小时的运动。one and a half hours 一个半小时。26Landor s Cottage,
37、 a fantasy short story published in 1849, was one of Edgar Allan Poes .work works解析 句意：于 1849 年出版的短篇幻想小说兰多的小屋是埃德加爱伦 坡的作品之一。 “one of可数名词复数”意为“之一” 。27It is good manners to shake with your host.hand hands解析 句意：与主人握手是有礼貌的。shake hands 握手，是固定搭配。【拓展】manner 意为“方式；方法；举止；态度”时常用单数，意 为“礼貌，礼仪”时，常用复数，如：table mann
38、ers 餐桌礼仪。28Another fascinating and undeniable fact about toys is that they are of great interest not only for kids, but for the and even for the home animals too.growns up grown ups解析 句意：玩具的另一个令人着迷、不可抗拒的事实是它们不仅能引起孩子们极大的兴趣，而且对成年人乃至家中宠物也是如此。grownup 没有中心词，其复数形式是在 up后加s。29Ive done well in all and Im especially good at computer studies and English.subject subjects解析 句意：我所有的科目都学得很好，尤其擅长计算机课程和英语。all 后可数名词要用复数形式。30When English is the only language in class, students will have more to opportunity opportunitiespractise listening and speaking.解析 句意：当上课只能说英语时，学生将有更多的机会练习听力和口语。more 后接可数名词的复数形式。
