1、.阅读理解A(2018福建双十中学高三月考)According to a team of researchers, an animals ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and d
2、eath for fast moving creatures.” commented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eye
3、s with a refresh rate higher than humans.One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies “observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve”， which allows them to avoid being hit.Professor Graeme Ruxt
4、on of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highli
5、ghts the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.” In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevalua
6、te its preys(猎物) position.Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail.语篇导读 本文为说明文。研究表明，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏相关，甚至会影响一些动物的存亡。动物的时间感知能力解释了自然界中许多普遍现象。1What is the researc
7、h mentioned in the passage mainly about?APace of life of animals. BTime perception of animals.CLifetime of small animals. DImpressive abilities of animals.解析 B 主旨大意题。本文通过举例，阐释了动物的时间感知能力在多种自然现象中的体现。同时，全文多次出现关键词 time perception 并围绕其展开论述，故选 B 项。2What does Kevin Healys comment mean in Para.2?AThe abilit
8、y of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.BThe survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.CAnimals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.DAnimals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.解析 B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，凯文 希利认
9、为：对于快速移动的生物，动物在短时间内的时间感应能力决定了它们的生死存亡，故选 B 项。3Why can houseflies avoid being hit?AThey can think very deeply before they act.BThey can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.CThey can process the information as quickly as they receive it.DThey can send information to brain more quickly than to t
10、heir eyes.解析 C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve 可知，苍蝇可以比人们在更短的时间内观察到运动，因为它们可以快速地接收信息并对信息进行加工处理，所以避免了被袭击。A、B、D 三项在文中没有提及，故选 C 项。4What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?ATry to run as fast as it can. BPrevent itself from becoming blind.CS
11、low down to gain its time perception.DStop occasionally to spot the prey again.解析 D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its preys position 可知，由于虎甲虫的奔跑速度快于眼睛看东西的感知速度，它们奔跑时基本是瞎的，这就要求它们周期性地停下来重新评估猎物的位置，故选 D 项。B(2018辽宁协作校高三调考)The Alice Ferguson Foundation is a nonprofit group t
12、hat works to improve the environment by building relationships between people and nature. The foundation is based in the state of Maryland. It was created more than 50 years ago. It teaches people ways to protect the environment.At the end of the year, it designs events to help children celebrate Ch
13、ristmas without increasing the amount of waste they create. Hanna Seligmann works for the foundation.“So lets figure out what is in our bag of trash.” She shows adults and children how to reduce waste during the holiday giftgiving season. “You can sort it as a cardboard item or you can sort it as a
14、plastic item.” “We encourage using things that are already in your house like newspapers, old magazines, using a gift within a gift.” Urging people to recycle is important in the Washington, DC area, because Potomac River, one of the most famous rivers in the country lies there.“Over time we realize
15、d that really just doing trash cleanups was the symptom of the problem, not getting to the root cause. And so it was just a little over a decade ago that we started the initiative(倡议 ) itself.” says Seligman.The Trash Free Potomac Watershed Initiative is an effort by the Alice Ferguson Foundation to
16、 support clean agricultural methods. It includes educational programs teaching children about the kinds of pollution that can enter the watershed.One activity is called the Trash Timeline Game. It teaches children that the things they throw away do not decompose,_at the same rate. For example, paper
17、 dissolves in about four weeks. An apple core may take two months to rot. A metal can take up to 100 years.语篇导读 本文为记叙文。爱丽丝弗格森基金会于 50 多年前在马里兰州建立，是一个非营利组织，致力于通过建立人与自然的关系来改善环境，一直以来为人们提供保护环境的方法，提高人们的环保意识。5The Alice Ferguson Foundation_.Adevotes itself to keeping citizens engaged in going greenBdeals wit
18、h relationship between peopleCteaches people how to form groupsDconcerns itself about childrens holidays解析 A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，爱丽丝 弗格森基金会这个非营利组织致力于通过建立人与自然的关系来改善环境，故选 A 项。6At the end of the year, the Alice Ferguson Foundation is busy_.Abuying plastic itemsBcelebrating ChristmasCfiguring out how much
19、waste was producedDeducating people to reduce less waste while enjoyingChristmas解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在年底，他们设计活动帮孩子们庆祝圣诞节，同时不增加他们产生的浪费。由此可见，该基金会旨在教育人们如何在欢度节日的同时避免浪费，故选 D 项。7How to get to the root cause of environmental protection, according to Seligman?AEnvironmental education. BDoing trash cleanups
20、.CSaving water. DCelebrating holidays less.解析 A 推理判断题。根据第三段塞利格曼所说的话可知，实行垃圾清理只是针对问题的症状，而没有触及到问题的根源。直到十多年前他们才开始倡议。由此可见，他认为真正的解决之道在于大众倡议，即进行环境教育，故选 A 项。8What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?AGive off. BBreak down.CCome out. DPack up.解析 B 词义猜测题。根据画线词的下文可知，纸大约在四周内分解，苹果核可能需要两个月才能腐烂，而金属
21、可能需要 100 年。由此可知画线处的句意：他们扔掉的东西不会以同样的速度分解，故画线词在此处意为“分解” 。 give off 发出；break down 分解；come out 出来；pack up 打包，故选 B 项。.语法填空(2018安徽安庆一中高三质检)The Dutch are used to living in a country which is always exposed to dangers of deadly floods. A country with a half of its land below sea level cannot afford 1.to ign
22、ore(ignore) the problem of rising sea level, and Holland, which has already spent about US $2.5 trillion (万亿) on flood 2.prevention(prevent), plans to invest(投资) more over the next century. Life in these challenging 3.circumstances(circumstance) has inspired the Dutch to develop many excellent metho
23、ds of 4.fighting(fight) floods. Thanks to the skill of Dutch engineers, flooding in Holland is rarely widespread, and is instead limited 5.to certain areas of the country. Two such areas are the valleys of the Rhine and the Meuse Rivers. In spite of large flood wall, these rivers regularly flood the
24、 surrounding areas. During dry times, however, those areas are perfectly 6.pleasant(pleasure) to live in. One solution 7.being developed(develop) now is a type of house that seems normal in every way, except that it can float during times of high water rather than 8.simply(simple) sink beneath the w
25、aves as normal houses would. Groups of houses would form floating neighborhoods in 9.which people could live together during times of high water, temporarily getting around by boat 10.till/until the flood ends.语篇导读 本文为说明文，介绍了荷兰人抗击洪水的努力和方法。1to ignore 解析 考查非谓语动词。动词 afford 后一般用不定式作宾语。 2prevention 解析 考查
26、词性转换。此处用名词，与 flood 一起作介词的宾语。flood prevention 防汛。3circumstances 解析 考查名词的数。根据 these 可知此处用名词的复数形式，意为“( 具有挑战性的)环境” 。 4fighting 解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词短语作介词 of 的宾语，意为“对抗洪水” 。5to 解析 考查介词。limit.to 将限制在(某范围内 )，为固定搭配。此处是被动语态形式。6pleasant 解析 考查词性转换。系动词 are 后用形容词作表语。pleasant 令人愉快的。7being developed 解析 考查非谓语动词。现在分词作定语修
27、饰 One solution。此处的 being 不能省略，表示“正在被研发” 。8simply 解析 考查词性转换。副词作状语修饰动词 sink。9which 解析 考查连词。所填词引导定语从句，又因为空前有介词 in，故只能用which。10till/until 解析 考查连词。句意：房屋群将形成浮动社区，人们可以在洪水期共同生活，临时乘船来往，直到洪水结束。until/till 表示时间的延续，意为“直到” 。.短文改错(2018武汉外校高三月考)The food chain is the order in animals and plants eat thatwhich other i
28、n order to survive. Every living creature to eat other creatures below it. everyeach needneedsEvery ecosystem a different food chain, depending on which animals and plants live there. hadhasThe balance of plants animals within a food chain is often determined by the nature. At the orandbottom of the
29、 food chain are plants. They called producers because they produce their own arefood the sunlights energy. Animals are the consumers of the food chain. They eat plants or usedusingother . Some animals only eat plants, ， some eat other animals.animalanimals thereforehowever 解析 当介词前置时，关系代词只可用 which, 此
30、处的 in which 意同 where。 解析 each other 互相。 解析 主语是 Every living creature，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 解析 此处讲的是一个客观事实，故用一般现在时。 解析 and 表示并列或递进关系；or 表示选择关系。 解析 by nature 天性，本来，为固定搭配。 解析 They 与 call 之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。 解析 此处是现在分词用作方式状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语 They。 解析 other 前无定冠词时，其后不可接可数名词单数，可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。other animals 别的动物，下文亦有提示。 解
31、析 上下文是对比关系而非因果关系，故用 however。.书面表达(2018武汉三中高三月考)假定你是李华，打算邀请你在汉留学的英国朋友 Leslie 与你全家共度中秋节。写一封邮件告知他相关事宜。内容包括：1时间(10 月 4 日)；2简要介绍中秋节；3你们家过节安排。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】Dear Leslie，Hows everything going? It was great when we were playing football together last Sunday. The Chinese traditional fe
32、stivalMidautumn Festival is coming soon. Id like to invite you to our family party. You know, this festival is one of the most important festivals in China. Family members will gather together to enjoy moon cakes as well as admire the round moon, both of which represent the unity and happiness of a family. My family plans to have a feast near Yellow Crane Tower, a nice place to admire the beauty of the moon.By the way, the Midautumn Festival is on October, 4th this year. Hope to see you then!Yours，Li Hua
