1、语法项目二 动词和动词短语1.(2017江苏， 25)Working with the medical team in Africa has_the best in her as a doctor.A.held out B.brought outC.picked out D.given out2.(2016江苏， 25)He did not _ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approach B.wrestle C.compromise D.communicate3.(
2、2015江苏， 22)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential.A.accelerate B.improve C.perform D.develop1.B 句意：在非洲医疗团队中的工作激发了她作为医生的最大潜能。hold out“坚持，伸出” ；bring out“激发，使显现” ；pick out“挑选” ；give out“分发” 。根据句意可知选 B。2.C 句意：他不容易妥协，但他很愿意接受有关这项崇高事业方面的任何建设性的建议。co
3、mpromise“妥协” ，符合语境。3.D 句意：学校应该是活泼好动，鼓励个人发展他们的最大潜力的地方。accelerate“加速” ；improve“改善” ；perform “执行 ”；develop “发展” 。动词和动词短语在特定语境下的灵活运用是近几年英语高考的考查热点，也是考生学习中的难点。预计 2018 年高考将继续结合特定语境对动词和动词短语进行考查。1.考查重点易混常用动词及动词短语；受汉语影响易误用的动词及动词短语；部分基础动词及动词短语较高级别的用法。2.常考基础动词get，turn ，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look ，keep
4、，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call ，take 等。3.常考动词短语break 短语break away (from sb/sth) 脱离，逃脱，甩掉break ones word 食言break out 爆发，突然开始break down 机器、车辆等坏掉；使分解break in 插话；强行进入break into 强行闯入；突然开始break up 粉碎；关系破裂；垮掉bring 短语bring forth 生产bring out 出版；取出；呈现，表现出 bring forward 将提前；提议bring down 降低；打落
5、bring in 赚得；提出；引进bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐 call 短语call at someplace 拜访某地call on sb 拜访某人call for 需要，要求；接call on/upon sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 take 短语take away 带走；解除take off 脱下；起飞；迅速流行take on 雇用；呈现take in 收留；欺骗；理解；包含take down 写下；拆掉take up 开始从事；占据take part in 参加take pride in 为感到骄傲take place 发生take the place of 替代t
6、ake care of 照顾take action 采取行动take measures/steps 采取措施 give 短语give in 投降，让步give up 放弃，投降give out 散发，耗尽give off 发出光、热、气味等give away 分发，送给go 短语go out 送出；熄灭go with sth 附属于；同意go mad 发疯go bad 变坏，变质go against 违背go on 继续 hold 短语hold back 隐瞒；阻挡，抑制hold on 坚持，等着；不要挂掉电话 hold up 耽搁；支持住keep 短语keep back 保持距离；抑制感情等
7、的流露；隐瞒keep off 回避某话题；使不接近keep away from 远离keep up with sth 熟悉；继续支付keep up with sb 与某人保持联系keep on 继续keep a record 保持纪录keep ones promise 遵守诺言keep an eye on 照看，留神，留意 look 短语look after 照顾，照料look around/round 环顾四周look down on 看不起，鄙视look for 寻找；期待look out 小心look forward to sth/doing sth 盼望，期待look up 好转；抬头
8、往上看；查阅look into 调查make 短语make up 化妆；组成；编造make up for 弥补be made up of 由组成/构成make out 理解，看清make full/good use of 充分利用 make friends with 与交朋友make fun of 取笑make room for 给让出空间make an apology to 给道歉make preparations for 为作准备make the bed 铺床make a living 谋生make money 赚钱make peace 讲和make tea 沏茶 put 短语put aw
9、ay 把放回原处；积蓄put up 提升；张贴；建立；投宿 put down 写下；放下；镇压put out 生产；扑灭；出版put off 取消；使反感 put on 穿上；上演；增加体重put up with sb/sth 容忍 set 短语set about 开始做；攻击set out 动身；开始工作set off 出发；使爆炸；引起set up 建立set fire to./set.on fire 放火烧set an example to 为树立榜样turn 短语turn to 翻到；向求助turn in 上交；取得turn on 打开；取决于；突然攻击turn off 关掉；不再听t
10、urn up 偶然出现；把声音调高turn down 把声音调低；拒绝turn out 结果是；出席take an exam 参加考试，相当于 sit an examtake ones advice 听从劝告take it for granted (that.) 把看成是理所当然的事take sb/sth seriously 严肃对待某人/某事take.for example 以为例4.运用语境记忆法掌握 5 组近义词afford，cost，pay ，spend，takeafford 表示“ 买得起；有时间做” ，可以指费用、时间等，常用于 afford sth 和afford to do s
11、th 结构；其他四个词都有“花费”之意，其中 cost 指“需付费” ，常用于 cost sb sth 结构；pay 常指“付多少钱” ，常用于 pay (sb)for sth 结构；spend 指 “花时间或钱” ，常用于 sbspend时间/钱on sth/(in) doing sth 结构；take 常用于 It takes sb时间to do sth 结构。We cannot afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。The new computer costs him around $1，000.这台新电脑花费了他将近 1 000 美元。(cost 的
12、主语一般是物，且没有被动结构)Who will pay for the meal?谁为这顿饭付账？Every day he spends twenty minutes (in) talking to the boy.他每天花 20 分钟的时间跟这个男孩谈话。It took us a lot of time to finish the work.完成这项工作花了我们很多时间。take part in，join in，join，attend它们都有“参加”之意。take part in 意为“参加，参与( 某事或某活动)” ；join in意为“参加” ，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活
13、动的名词或动名词；join 指“加入”某个团体、组织；attend 强调“出席” ，如 attend a meeting/concert，attend classes/school/a lecture 等。It is useful to take an active part in afterschool activities.积极参加课外活动是有益的。Please join us and play together!加入我们一起玩吧！Last Saturday all of us attended his wedding.上个星期六，我们都参加了他的婚礼。He never joined in
14、 the usual sports of the boys.他从不参加男孩们的一般活动。hurt，wound，injure，destroy(1)hurt 表示“伤害”的一般用词，既可以指 “对肉体的伤害 ”，也可以指“对精神的伤害” 。He hurt his back when playing squash.他打壁球时背部受伤了。What he said at the meeting hurt me.他在会议上说的话伤害了我。(2)wound 常指 “外伤” ，特别指 “在战争、打斗中受到的伤害 ”。He was wounded in the war in the left arm.他在战争中
15、左胳膊受了伤。(3)injure 一般指 “在意外事故中受伤” 。Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。(4)destroy 一般指“彻底损坏” ，常译成“毁坏，破坏” 。The school was destroyed completely by a big fire.学校被一场大火彻底烧毁了。arise，rise ，raise(1)arise 常表示问题等的 “产生，出现” ，主语多为抽象名词。A new crisis has arisen.新危机已经出现。(2)rise 其过去式、过去
16、分词分别为 rose，risen，是不及物动词，不能接宾语，无被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起床；增长” 。Food prices have risen rapidly in the past few months.在过去的几个月中，食物的价格上涨得飞快。(3)raise 用作及物动词，后可接 ones hand/a stone/the flag/the price/ones voice 等，可用于被动语态。侧重表示把人或物提高到较高的位置或水平，既可指具体的事物，也可用于比喻意义。Finally the ship was raised to the surface of the water.最
17、后，船被打捞出水面。match，fit，suit(1)match 既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词，多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配，意为“相配，相一致” 。That hat matches your jacket well.那顶帽子与你的短上衣很相配。(2)fit 既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸、大小“适合，合身” 。Not every shoe fits every foot.并非每只鞋都合脚。(3)suit 表示“相配，合身” ，强调衣服的颜色、花样、款式等适合某人，也可指合乎需要、口味和条件等。Would Monday suit you?星期一可以吗？1.A
18、 quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.A.shape B.switchC.stretch D.sharpen答案 A shape“塑造，决定 的形成，影响的发展” ；switch“转变，交换，调班” ；stretch“拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长” ；sharpen“提高，使尖锐，变得清晰” 。故选 A。2.Many businesses started up by college students have _ thanks to the comfortable
19、climate for business creation.A.fallen off B.taken off C.turned off D.left off答案 B 句意：由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。take off“成功，起飞” ，符合句意。 fall off“跌落，下降” ；turn off“关掉” ；leave off“停止(做) 某事，戒掉 ”，均不符合题意。 3.Parents should actively urge their children to _ the opportunity to join sports teams.A.gain admissio
20、n to B.keep track ofC.take advantage of D.give rise to答案 C 句意：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of“利用 ”，符合句意。gain admission to“获准进入” ；keep track of“与保持联系” ；give rise to“引起，导致” ，均不符合题意。4.The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.A.apply to B.cater for
21、C.appeal to D.hunt for答案 B 句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to“适用于，申请” ；cater for“迎合，满足所需 ”；appeal to“呼吁，上诉” ；hunt for“搜寻” 。 5.The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.A.wait on B.focus onC.count on D.call on答案 C 句意：整个球队依靠克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，而他很少让他们失望。wait on“服侍，焦急的等待” ；focus on“集
22、中于，关注 ”；count on“依靠，指望” ；call on“拜访，号召，呼吁” 。6.From the moment babies are born，parents are helping them to be released into the world， not to _ them or to control their lives for the rest of life.A.hold on to B.put up withC.give in to D.break up with答案 A 句意：从婴儿出生的那刻起，父母们就在帮助他们融入这个世界，而不是抓住他们不放或是控制他们一辈
23、子的生活。hold on to“抓紧，不放开” ；put up with“忍受” ；give in to“屈服” ；break up with“同(某人)绝交” 。7.He hadnt been asked to the party and was feeling very _.A.turned down B.broken downC.stressed out D.left out答案 D 句意：他没有被邀请参加晚会，他强烈地感到(自己)被忽略了。turn down“拒绝，调低” ；break down“发生故障，分解 ”；stress out “使焦虑不安” ；leave out“省去，忽略
24、” 。四个选项都为过去分词形式，表示状态；根据语境可知，因为他没有被邀请，所以他感到被忽略了。故选 D。8.In their spare time，the couple often take the kids to galleries，museums and theatres，hoping to _ them to as much art and culture as possible.A.expose B.attachC.challenge D.promote答案 A 句意：这对夫妇在空闲时间常常带他们的孩子们去画廊、博物馆和戏院，希望让他们尽可能多地接触艺术和文化。expose“体验，接触
25、” ；attach“依附 ”；challenge“挑战” ；promote “提升” 。9.Do you know the story of Niulang and Zhin？Of course.Their love story was _ as an example for hundreds of years in China.A.taken up B.kept upC.picked up D.held up答案 D 句意：“你知道牛郎和织女的故事吗？” “当然了。在中国上百年来，他们的爱情一直作为典范而传颂着。 ”hold up as an example“奉为楷模” ；take up“占
26、用” ；keep up“保持 ”；pick up“捡起” 。10.If they do _ their stated goal，which I personally doubt，the administrative budget this year is likely to be sharply cut down by 19%.A.attain B.stopC.define D.deposit答案 A 句意：如果他们的确达到他们所宣布的目标， “而我个人对此持怀疑态度，那么今年的行政预算可能会大幅减少 19%。 ”attain“获得，得到” ；stop“停止” ；define“限定” ；dep
27、osit“沉寂，存放” 。11.There still exists some doubt what side effect the medicine will _， although about two thousand parents have taken it.A.give off B.take upC.work out D.bring about答案 D 句意：尽管已有大约 2 000 名家长服用了这种药，但对于这种药会引起何种副作用还存在疑问。bring about“引起” ，符合题意。give off“发出” ；take up“占据，从事” ；work out“解决；锻炼” 。12
28、.The frozen waterfall has attracted floods of tourists to _ the natural beauty.A.cherish B.admire C.observe D.discover答案 B 句意：冰冻的瀑布吸引了大量游客欣赏自然美景。admire “欣赏，赞赏” ；cherish “珍视，珍爱 ”；observe “观察” ；discover “发现” 。13.He loves to _ his wealth by wearing fashionable clothes but it makes sense to spend the mo
29、ney on more practical purposes.A.show off B.show upC.put off D.put on答案 A 句意：他喜欢穿着时尚的衣服来炫耀财富，但把那钱花在更实际的用途上才有意义。show off“炫耀” ；show up“露面，出现” ；put off“推迟，延迟” ；put on“穿上” 。14.Studies show that 30%40% of all job applicants put false information on their resumes or applications， and _ their qualification
30、s during interviews to increase their chances of getting the post.A.overstate B.evaluateC.adjust D.strengthen答案 A 句意：研究表明，为了增加获得职位的可能性，30%40%的求职者在自己的简历或申请书上填写虚假信息，并且在面试的时候夸大自己的资历。overstate“夸大，夸张” ；evaluate“评价；估价” ；adjust“调整” ；strengthen“加强” 。15.The lack of health facilities and necessary protection
31、for medical workers partly _ the epidemic (蔓延) of Ebola.A.accounted for B.headed forC.called for D.sent for答案 A 句意：健康设备的缺乏和对医疗工作者进行必要的保护措施的缺失在一定程度上导致了埃博拉病毒的蔓延。A 项“导致，对 负责” ；B 项“前往，出发” ；C 项“要求，需要” ；D 项“派人去请 ”。故答案选 A。16.“Since China has good relations with both Pakistan and Afghanistan，China can encou
32、rage Islamabad to take essential steps for _ terrorism and extremism in the region， ” the paper said in its editorial.A.coping B.containingC.confirming D.committing答案 B 句意：报纸在社论中说， “既然中国同巴基斯坦和阿富汗都保持良好的关系，中国能够鼓励伊斯兰堡采取重要措施来克制地区的恐怖主义和极端主义” 。contain“克制” 。cope “处理，对付” ，是不及物动词；confirm “确认，证实” ；commit“犯罪，把
33、交托给” 。17.To persuade drivers to _ checking their phones whenever they beep，New York state plans to introduce socalled Texting Zones along its major highways to make sure of the drivers safety.A.allow B.resistC.admit D.insist答案 B 句意：为了劝服司机在开车时避免手机一响就去查看，纽约州计划沿着主要的高速公路设置所谓的信息区以确保司机的安全。A 项“允许” ；B 项“ 抵制
34、” ；C 项“承认” ；D 项“坚持” 。故答案选 B。18.With my glasses broken in the last period，I cant _ what the teacher writes on the blackboard.A.make for B.make senseC.make up D.make out答案 D 此句中 make out 为“看清；辨认出” 。19.Speaking in an inspection in Yunnan Province，Xi Jinping said authorities must _ poverty removal effor
35、ts to support the building of a rich and successful country.A.anticipate B.allocateC.appreciate D.accelerate答案 D 句意：在云南分会场，习近平说政府将增加扶贫力度以加速富强、成功的国家建设。accelerate “加速” ；anticipate “期望” ；allocate “分配，拨出，使坐落于” ；appreciate“欣赏，感激” 。20.The severe competition in the job market has eventually _ many students
36、 to the idea that knowledge plus ability is the only way out.A.connected B.convertedC.confirmed D.combined答案 B 句意：严峻的工作市场竞争使学生转变了想法，知识和能力才是唯一的出路。convert “转变” ；connect “连接” ；confirm“确认，证实” ；combine“使结合” 。21.With a total of four gold medals，21year old athlete Ning Zetao _ himself to be a rising star d
37、uring the 17th Asian Games.A.trained B.provedC.considered D.promoted答案 B 句意：在第 17 届亚运会上共收获四枚金牌，21 岁的运动员宁泽涛证明了自己是一颗冉冉升起的新星。prove“证明” ，符合语境。22.You cant expect John and Jane will have different opinions.When one of them makes any proposal，the other will readily _.A.compromise B.consentC.conflict D.cons
38、ult答案 B 句意：你不可能期望约翰和琼会有不同的意见，当一个提出建议的时候，另一个就会立刻赞成。consent “同意；赞成” ；compromise “妥协；让步” ；conflict “冲突” ；consult“请教；商议” 。23.Since the earths resources are getting fewer and fewer，recycling industry certainly _ big benefits in the near future.A.promises B.attemptsC.demands D.invests答案 A 句意：因为地球的资源变得越来越少
39、，所以再生工业在不久的将来肯定有望取得巨大利益。A 项“使很有可能，预示 ”；B 项“尝试” ；C 项“要求” ；D 项“投资” 。结合句意可知，答案选 A。24.The painting didnt make much sense to me.What impressed me was that the central part of it_ for its bright color.A.turned out B.worked outC.pulled out D.stuck out答案 D 句意：这画对我来说没有什么意义，给我印象最深的是中间部分明亮的色彩。stick out“突出，显眼”
40、；turn out“证明” ；work out“解决” ；pull out“离开” 。25.It never _ his mind that the paper he had submitted would be rejected by the professor.A.crossed B.passedC.changed D.felt答案 A 此处应指“他从未想到” 。It crosses ones mind that .为固定句型，意为“掠过心头，想到” 。故 A 项正确。26.By applying the theory to this problem，we can brush away t
41、he details to _simple patterns.A.release B.rejectC.reveal D.replace答案 C 句意：通过将这个理论应用于这个问题，我们能够可以刷掉一些细节以揭示简单的模式。reveal“展示，揭示” ；release“释放” ；reject “拒绝” ；replace“代替 ”。27.Maya Angelou is one of those rare writers who can _ your heart and soul with her vivid words.A.combine B.touchC.share D.absorb答案 B 句
42、意： 马娅安杰卢是少有的那些能够用她生动的语言触动你心灵和灵魂的作家之一。combine 联合；touch 触动；share 分享；absorb 吸收。根据句意选 B。28.The shooting death of Michael Brown，an 18year old black man，who was fatally shot by a police officer，has _ a media firestorm across the US since Aug.9.A.set up B.set outC.set aside D.set off答案 D 句意：自从八月九号以来在美国，18
43、岁的黑人男孩迈克尔布朗被警察枪击致死事件引起媒体的激烈争议。set off“引起” ；set up “建立” ；set out“开始” ；set aside“放在一边” 。29.Mr.Smith felt upset for being _ from the concert he had longed for.A.turned out B.turned awayC.turned over D.turned off答案 B 句意：史密斯先生对被拒绝参加他渴望已久的音乐会感到心烦。turn out“结果是” ；turn away“避开，拒绝” ；turn over“翻转，移交” ；turn off “关闭” 。故选 B。30.As well as teaching soccers basic skills and rules，the introduced textbooks will _ team spirit and sense of responsibility.A.multiply B.distinguishC.preserve D.develop答案 D 句意：被引进的教材将培养团队精神和责任感，同时也传授足球的基本技能和规则。develop“发展，养成，培养” ；multiply“乘以” ；distinguish“区分” ；preserve“保存” 。
