1、高一英语同步精品 必修 3 Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars一、重点词汇考点 1System n. 系统,制度,体制【教材原句】In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.在我们的太阳系中,有八个行星围绕太阳运转【例句研读】The present system of funding for higher education is unsatisfactory. 目前高等教育_的经费体制并不令人满意。【归纳拓展】(1) systematic adj systematically
2、adv考点 2 theory n. 理 论,学说【教材原句】However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe beagn.然而,根据一个被广泛接受的理论,.【例句研读】Students learned the practical application of the theory they had learned in the classroom 学生们学会了将课堂上学到的_付诸实际应用。【答案】 理论【归纳拓展】in theory 理论上 theoretical adj. theoretically adv.考点 3.v
3、iolent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 【教材原句】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not .【例句研读】The _winds buried the village in sand.狂风把村子掩埋在沙中。The struggle became_.斗争变得越来越激烈了。【答案】(1) violent. (2) more and more violent 【归纳拓展】(1)violently adv.猛烈地;凶狠地(2)violence n暴力,暴行;(感情)
4、强烈violence against 暴力对抗 take.by violence 抢夺 with violence 猛烈地;强有力地 考点 4Unlike prep. 不同,不像【教材原句】Unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.不像地球,它出现的晚一些。【例句研读】1.It is unlike Tom to behave so rudely;he is a person with a gentle manner of speaking. 行为那么鲁莽可不像汤姆,他是一个谈吐文雅的人。 2._his brother,he has a strong
5、sense of humour. 和他哥哥不同,他很有幽默感。 【答案】 (1)不像(2)Unlike 【归纳拓展】like prep. 像 v. 喜欢 dislike v. 不喜欢 alike adj. 相同的,相似的 likely adj. 可能的 unlikely adj. 不可能的 Its unlike sb. to do sth.做某事不像某人平常的样子 It is likely / unlikely that .很可能 / 不可能 sb. / sth. be likely / unlikely to do 可能做 / 不可能考点 5harmful adj. 有害的 【教材原句】wh
6、at many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids in the oceans and seas.许多科学家相信的是水的持续存在允许地球溶解海洋里的有害气体和酸【例句研读】1. Smoking is extremely _to your health. 吸烟对身体极其有害。2. Is this harmful to animals? 这对动物_吗?【答案】 (1)harmful(2)有害【归纳拓展】harm
7、less adj. 无害的 harm n. & V. 伤害;损害对有害 be harmful to do harm to / do . harm对某人并无恶意 mean sb. no harm 考点 6 lay vt. 下蛋,放置 (laying, laid, laid)【教材原句】They produced young generally by laying dggs.他们通过下蛋生产下一代。【例句研读】She _ (lay) her pen in the box.【答案】laid【归纳拓展】思维拓展lie vi. 躺,位于 (lying, lay, lain) lie vi. 撒谎 (ly
8、ing, lied, lied)lay a good foundation 打好基础 tell a lie to sb. / lie to sb.向某人撒谎 lie in位于、在于考点 7exist vi. 存在,生存 【教材原句】6.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也生蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年了。 【例句研读】Others believe that the moon _before the earth was formed. 另一些人认为,地球形成前月球就存在
9、。 We cant exist without food or water. 没有食物和水我们是不能_的【答案】(1) existed (2) 生存【归纳拓展】existence n.靠生存(生活) exist on 某地有,存在There exists 产生,开始存在 come into existence = come into being 考点 8puzzle n谜;难题 vt.& vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难【教材原句】.is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.是科学家们发现难以解决的重要难题
10、之一。 【例句研读】Why Mona Lisa is smiling is still_ _. 为什么蒙娜丽莎在微笑还是个谜。 How to get enough money for my business is still a puzzle. 如何弄到我生意上所需的足够资金仍然是个_。 【归纳拓展】a word puzzle 字谜 be in a puzzle 不知如何是好 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常修饰事物) puzzled adj. 感到迷惑不解的(常修饰人) be puzzled about对感到迷惑不解a puzzled look / expression 迷惑的
11、表情考点 9pull n. & vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力【教材原句】As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭升空,我们被重重地向后推在座位上,因为我们在尽力地逃离地球的引力。She would never forgive him.她将永远也不会原谅他的。【例句研读】(1) Someone pulled her hair 有人_她的头发。(2)I _a knife
12、 and threatened her. 我拔出刀威胁她。【归纳拓展】pull out 拔出,抽出, (车、船) 驶出 ,pull down 拆毁,拉倒,拉下,降低 ,pull up(使) 停下 ,pull in(车)停下,进站,船 (到岸) ,pull on 穿,戴 pull through. 度过难关,恢复健康巧学妙记pull away (汽车等)开走 pull down 拆毁;摧毁 pull in (车辆)进站停靠;靠边停靠pull out 驶出;拉出,拔出 pull through 康复;痊愈考点 10. mass n质量;团;块;大量【教材原句】If you are right,my
13、 mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.要是你讲得对,我的重量就会比在地球上小,因为月亮比 地球小,而我就能更自由地活动了。【例句研读】Her garden is a mass of flowers.她的花园里种满了花。【归纳拓展】a mass ofmasses of 大量的;许多的in the mass 大体上;大致上the masses 大众;民众the mass of. 大部分a mass of 和 masses of 后
14、面可以接可数或不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词的单复数与 mass 的单复数保持一致。Masses of money _ (need)答案:are needed二、重点短语考点 1in time 及时;迟早,终于 【教材原句】They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 【例句研读】The doctor came _to save her life. 医生及时赶来救了她的命。 Ill succeed in t
15、ime. 我_会成功的【答案】 (1)in time(2)最终【归纳拓展】in no time 立刻;马上 at no time 绝不at a time 每次;一次 at one time 曾经;一度at the same time 同时 from time to time 有时;偶尔all the time 始终 for the time being 暂时for the first time 首次 take ones time 别急;慢慢来kill time 消磨时间考点 2in ones turn 轮流;接着【教材原句】8.Thus they have,in their turn,beco
16、me the most important animals on the planet.于是,他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。 【例句研读】They are arguing about whether they should clean the room in their turn.他们正在为是否_打扫房间而争吵。【答案】轮流【归纳拓展】in turn 依次;轮流;反之;反过来by turns 轮流;交替地take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns / turned out that.结果 考点
17、3prevent.from. 阻止某人做某事【教材原句】.which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 【例句研读】Once she has made up her mind, nobody can prevent her _carrying out the plan. 一旦她下定决心,没有人能阻止她实施这一计划。 Severe measures should be taken to prevent such things _(happen)in our school. 应该采取严
18、厉的措施来制止此类事情在我们学校发生【归纳拓展】表示“阻止某人做某事”的短语有:prevent sb. (from) doing sth.stop sb. (from) doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth. prevent / keep / stop sb. from doing sth. 的主动式中,只有 keep 后面的 from 不能省略,而在被动式中三个短语的 from 都不能省略。 考点 4cheer up 使 振奋,使高兴【课文原句】I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in
19、 our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 【例句研读】The good news cheered him up immediately.这个消息立刻使他感到_.答案:振奋【归纳拓展】(1)cheer sb up 使某人振作起来cheer sb on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励;为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯!words of cheer 鼓励的话cheer up 常用于交际用语 ,表示“振作起来“。如: Cheer up! Our troubl
20、es will soon be over.考点 5. now that 既然,由于【教材原句】“Oh dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天啊,”我惊呼,“既然引力改变了,走路就确实需要稍微锻炼一下了。”【例句研读】Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest._已经做完工作,你最好休息一下。答案:既然 【归纳拓展】因为介词短语: 连词:due to 由于,归功于 as since bec
21、ause because of 由于on account of 由于,因为owing to 由于,因为thanks to 由于,多亏(多作表语或状语)as a result of 由于考点 6. break out 突发;爆发【教材原句】We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层起火燃烧。【例句研读】1.He was 29 when war_. 战争爆发时他才 29 岁2. We had
22、 a fire break out last night. 昨晚我们那里_了一场火灾。答案:1. broke out 2. 发生【拓展归纳】break off 折断;突然停止;暂停break into 闯入;破门而入break down 分解;发生故障;失败;毁掉break away 脱离;放弃;逃跑break in 打断;闯入三 经典句型考点 1 makeit宾语补足语真正宾语【教材原句】This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命得以发展了 【句法分析
23、】it 当形式主语 ,不定式 充当真正宾语;形容词或 名词充当宾补make it 宾语 宾语补足语Error!【例句研读】1.He makes_- a rule to go walking every day. 2. The heavy rain made it impossible for us _(go) out yesterday.答案:1.it 2. to go【拓展归纳】类似句型:feel it + adj / n + to do sthThink/ consider it + adj / n + to do sth【考点聚焦】考查 it 做形式宾语,动词不定式做真正宾语。考点 2
24、倍数表达法【教材原句】But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 但当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。【句法分析】该句型表示“是的几倍” ,该句型也可用 half, one fourth 等词,表示“是的一半/四分之一等” 。 【例句研读】This river is twice as long as that one. 这条河是那条河的两倍长。This river is twice longer than that one. 这条河比那条河长两倍。This river is twice the length of that one. 这条河是那条河的两倍长。【拓展归纳】常见的倍数的表达方式有:(1)倍数as形容词/副词原级as(2)倍数形容词/副词比较级than(3)倍数the size/height/weight/depth/of(4)倍数as many/much名词as【考点聚焦】考查倍数表达