1、Unit 6 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left一、学习目标（Language Goal）1Learn to narrate past events学会描述过去所发生的事情。2Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 学习使用过去完成时态。3Strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly做事加强连续性，有条不紊。二、重点词组（Key phrases ）1by the time 到时候为 2get outs
2、ide 到外边3get to school 到学校 4get up 起床5get into the shower 去洗澡 6get home 到家7start doing / to do sth. 开始做某事 8be late for 迟到9go off （闹钟）闹响 10wake up 醒来11come out 出来，出现 12run off 迅速离开，跑掉13on time 准时 14in time 及时15come by （走）过来 16give sb. a ride 让某人搭车17break down 损坏，坏掉 18show up 出席，露面19stay up 熬夜 20a cost
3、ume party 一个化装舞会21sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 22so that 如此以至于23set off 出发，开始 24April Fools Day 愚人节25get married 结婚 26marry sb. 与某人结婚27both and 二者都 28get dressed 穿好衣服 29on the first day 在第一天三、交际用语1By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom2By the time she went outside, th
4、e bus had already gone3By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching4When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home5Have you ever overslept? 6Have you ever been late for school? 四、重点难点释义(Language Points)1get to 意为 “到达”。例如：When did you get there last n
5、ight? 你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？I get home at 7:00 every day 我每天 7:00 到家。When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。辨析：get, arrive 与 reach这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。（1）get 和 arrive 都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即 get to 地点名词，arrive in / at 地点名词（in 之后跟表示大地方的词，at 之后跟表示小地方的词） 。若是只说“到达” ，而不指出到达
6、哪里，则只能用 arrive。例如：来源:xyzkw.ComHow did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那儿的？I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday 我前天到的北京。When do you often get to / arrive at school? 你经常什么时候到校？When will you arrive? 你什么时候到？（2）reach 为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：I reached Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。We
7、 reached here on foot 我们步行到这儿的。3Ive never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close.我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。（1）Ive 是 I have 的缩写，have been late 是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是 have / has动词过去分词。例如：I have been here since 1999自 1999 年以来我就在这儿。We have lived in Jinan
8、for 20 years 我们已经在济南住了 20 年了。She hasnt worked for 2 years 她已 2 年不工作了。（2）be late for 意为“迟到”，for 为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：Dont be late for the meeting 开会别迟到了。Jim was late for school again 吉姆上学又迟到了。Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。（3）close 在此为副词 “接近地，靠近地 ”。此外 came very close 意为“到时与迟到很接近” 。4My al
9、arm clock didnt go off, 闹钟没有大响go off 意为“爆发，大响”。例如：Although the alarm clock went off, he didnt wake up虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。5and I had to wait for him to come out我不得不等他出来。wait 是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组 wait for sb “等某人”，wait to do sth “等着做某事”，wait for sb. to do sth “等某人做某事”。例如：Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？
10、They cant wait to open the presents他们迫不及待地打开礼物。You can wait for him to help you你可以等着他帮你。6Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”，是由 fortunately 加否定前缀 “un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）unlucky（不幸的） ，use（用）useful （有用
11、的） ，forget（忘记）forgetful（健忘的） ，un 作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit （合适的）unfit（不合适的） ，fair （公平的） unfair（不公平的） ，known（闻名的）unknown（不闻名的）等。 7Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dads car and they gave me a ride.幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。（1）come by 意为“ 经过，走过；获得，获有 ”。例如：Please let t
12、he car come by请让车过去。Good jobs are not easy to come by 好工作不容易找到。来源:学优中考网 xyzkw（2）give sb. a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride 在此为名词“搭车，乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车” 。例如：Can you give me a ride, Jack? 杰克，能让我搭个便车吗？I want to get a ride. 我想搭个便车。8I only just made it to my class我恰好到教室。make it 意为“成功了，做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到，准时到达。例如：H
13、ave you got the job? 你得到那份工作了吗？Yes, I made it 是的，我成功了。9Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? 你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗？ 辨析：forget to do 与 forget doing forget to do 指的是“ 忘了去做” ，即该事还未做；而 forget doing 则指“忘了做了”，即该事已经做完。例如：Dont forget to turn off lights when you go out 出去时别忘了关灯。Sorry, I forgot to
14、bring the books again 对不起，我又忘了带书来了。10What happened to David on April Fools Day? 愚人节那天，大卫出什么事了吗？（1）happen to sb. 意为“ 某人怎么了，发生在某人身上 ”。例如：11Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole countryWelles 是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。（1）So
15、that句型中，so 后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为 “如此以至于” e.g. This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。 （so形容词）He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。 （so副词）Sothat 引导的是表示结果的状语从句，但不“一定要死套 ”“如此以至于”的模式来译成汉语。e.g. It was so dark that he couldnt see the
16、 faces of his companions天太黑了，他不能看见同伴的脸。（2）so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和 can，may，should 等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，使能够”。e.g. They set out early so that they might arrive in time他们早早地出发以便按时到达。Lets take the front seats so that we may see more clearly我们坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。（3）set off 意为“出发，开始；引爆；衬托”。例如
17、：Theyll set off on a journey around the world他们将要出发环球旅行。Use blue eyeshadow to set off your green eyes用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。12because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti 来源:学优中考网 xyzkw因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。来源:xyzkw.Com13She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married她震惊了，因为她的确想
18、结婚。（1）thrill 为动词“ 震颤，使激动 ”，多用于被动语态 be thrilled，表示“很感动，受到震颤的”。例如： 来源:学优中考网 xyzkwWe were thrilled with joy我们高兴极了。She was thrilled at the good news她听到那个好消息很兴奋。（3）marry 为动词“嫁，娶，结婚”。表示“ 嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用 marry sb.。另外，词组 get married 意为 “结婚”，但这是一个非延续性动词，即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。be married 也可以用来表示“结婚” ，它是一个延续性词组，可以与表
19、示一段时间的词连用。例如：John is going to marry Jane 约翰要和简结婚了。Henry didnt marry until he was over fifty亨利直到过了 50 岁才结婚。五、语法知识1Past perfect Tense 过去完成时构成：had过去分词（had 没有人称和数的变化）过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。e.g. I had finished my homework before sup
20、per 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。句中的 supper 既是过去某一时间，而 had finished 这一动作就是在 supper 之前完成的。如果只说 I had finished my homework听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见，过去完成时是个相对的时态，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。e.g. By the end of that year Henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。 （过去时间是 the end of that year）e.g. When we got
21、 there, the football match had already started当我们到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。 （过去时间是 when 从句）动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似，一般情况下在动词词尾加ed,特殊动词须特殊记忆,如：have hadhad，getgotgotten ，beginbeganbegun，leaveleftleft，gowentgone 等。例如：She had learnt 2000 English words by the end of last month到上个月末，她已经学了 2000 个英语单词了。I hadnt learnt Japa
22、nese before I went to Japan我去日本之前没学过日语。注意：过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过 had 的变化即可。2when 和 by the time 引导的时间状语从句by the time 到 时候为止，指从过去某一点到，从句所示的时间为止，这一时间段。when 当时候，指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时，主句为过去完成时。e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom到她起床的时候，她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。By the time she went outside, the bus had already gone到她走到外面的时候，公共汽车已经走了。When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home当她到学校的时候，她意识到她把书包放在家里了。（在这句话中，过去的时间点为“到校”的时候， “她把书包放在家里 ”则发生在“ 过去的过去”。 ）学)优| 中?考，网
