1、Period 3 Grammar1.掌握构词法的知识,使学生学会根据词的结构辨别词类、理解词义。2.了解英语词汇的特点,逐步掌握英语词汇学习的策略。1.采取小组抢答的方式,看看哪个小组能够说出最多不同类型的构词。 2.通过游戏活跃课堂气氛,使学生充满兴趣地去进行小组合作和探究讨论,掌握不同的合成词的构成方式。重点单词 1. n.地点;位置 2. vi.解决 ;定居 重点语法 构词法自我核对重点单词:1.situation 2.settle品句填空1.They have ( success)in sending every one of the satellites into space. 2.
2、The adventurer (冒险者) gave a (friend) smile to all those who came to greet him. 3.You must do the exercise (care). 4.It will be ( difficulty) to drive a motor car through such a storm. 5.English is (wide) used in the world. 6.The boy showed great (brave) in fighting the enemy. 7.He was so (kindness)
3、that he gave me many storybooks. 8.The book had been (sale) out when I got to the bookstore. 9.The Frenchmen went to a ( chemical) shop to get some medicine for his cough. 10.The book is very .I am in it. (interest) 【答案】1.succeeded 2.friendly 3.carefully 4.difficult5.widely 6.bravery 7.kind 8.sold 9
4、.chemist 10.interesting; interested1.settle阅读下列句子,注意 settle 的意思及用法。He helped us settle the problem.他帮助我们解决了这个问题。He and his family settled in New York in 1995.1995 年他和家人定居纽约。The account hasnt been settled.账还没有结算。通过观察以上句子,我们发现 settle 作动词,意思是“ ”。 【答案】解决;定居;结算settle down 定居下来settle in 安顿好settle up 结账set
5、tle on 就达成协议settle down to 着手认真做单项填空Mr Johnson always carries a notebook, in which he everything that happens. A.sets down B.settles downC.comes down D.breaks down【答案与解析】A 句意:约翰逊先生总是(随身) 带着笔记本,在本子上记下所发生的一切。 set down“写下”,符合语境。settle down“定居”;come down“倒塌;败落”;break down“拆散 ;损坏;失败”。2.advance 阅读下列句子,注意
6、advance 的意思及用法。Our troops have advanced two miles.我们的部队已经前进了两英里。The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June.会议日期已由 6 月 10 日提前到 6 月 3 日。Galileos ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。通过观察以上句子,我们发现 advance 可作动词,意思是“(1) ” ;也可作名词,意思是“( 2) ”。 【答案】(1)前进;提前 (
7、 2)预先;超越advance on / towards sb / sth 向某人 / 物前进in advance 预先;提前in advance of 在前面;超过单项填空When we got to the cinema, there were no tickets left.We should have booked . A.in return B.in advanceC.in silence D.in public 【答案与解析】B 句意:当我们到电影院时 ,票已经卖完了。我们本应该提前订票的。in advance“ 预先;提前” ,符合句意。构词法英语的构词法主要有转化法、派生法和合
8、成法。转化法是把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法。本讲主要讲述派生法和合成法。一、派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫派生法。1.前缀表示否定意义的前缀常用的有 dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear 出现 disappear 消失correct 正确的incorrect 不正确的lead 带领 mislead 误导stop 停下non-stop 不停的;不停地2.后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变
9、词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence, -(e)r / -or (从事某事的人), -ese (某地人), -ess (雌性), -ful (状态), -ian (精通的人), -ist (专业人员), -ment (性质;状态), -ness ( 性质;状态), -tion( 动作;过程)等。differ 不同于difference 区别write 写writer 作家Japan 日本Japanese 日本人act 表演actress 女演员mouth 口mouthful 一口music 音乐musician 音乐家构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e) n (多用于形容
10、词之后),-fy (使化 ),-ize (使成为) 。wide 宽的 widen 加宽 beauty 美 beautify 美化pure 纯的purify 提纯real 真实的realize 意识到organ 器官;机构organize 组织构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al , -able (有能力的), -( a)n(某国人的), -en (多用于表示材料的名词后), -ern (方向的), -ese(某国人的), -ful , -(ic)al, -ish, -ive, -less (表示否定), -like ( 像的), -ly , -ous, -some, -y (表示天气)等。natur
11、e 自然natural 自然的reason 道理reasonable 有道理的America 美国American 美国的China 中国Chinese 中国人的gold 金子golden 金子般的east 东eastern 东方的child 孩子 childish 孩子气的snow 雪snowy 雪的构成副词的常用后缀有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度), -ward(s )(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry 生气的angrily 生气地to 到towards 朝;向east 东方eastward 向东二、合成法即把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个修饰或限定后一个。
12、常见的有下面两种形式:1.合成名词构成方式 例词名词 / 形容词 / 介词 / 代词 / 现在分词 / 动词 + 名词blackboard (黑板),weekend (周末),gentleman (绅士), afternoon (下午), she-wolf (母狼),flying-fish (飞鱼),typewriter (打字机)名词 / 副词 + 动词 daybreak (黎明),outbreak ( 爆发)名词 + 动名词 handwriting 书法,sun-bathing 日光浴名词 + 及物动词 + er / or pain-killer (止痛药)名词 + 介词 + 名词 edi
13、tor-in-chief (总编),mother-in-law (婆婆;岳母)过去分词 + 副词 grown-up (成年人)2.合成形容词构成方式 例词名词 + 形容词 snow-white (雪白的)名词 / 副词 / 形容词 + 现在分词 English-speaking (讲英语的),hard-working (勤劳的), good-looking (相貌好看的)名词 / 副词 + 过去分词 man-made (人造),well-known (著名的)数词 / 副词 / 介词 + 名词 one-way (单行的),fast-food (专门提供快餐服务的), downhill (下坡的
14、)数词 + 名词 + 形容词 two-year-old (两岁的 )数词 + 名词 + ed five-storeyed (五层的 )动词 + 副词 see-through (透明的)形容词 + 名词 high-class (高级的)形容词 + 名词 + ed noble-minded (高尚的)形容词 / 副词 + 形容词 light-blue (浅蓝色的),ever-green (常青的)单项填空(1)Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his one. A.better-known B.we
15、ll-knownC.best-known D.most-known【答案与解析】C 句意:谈到他写的所有歌 ,我认为这首是最有名的。best-known“最有名的”,符合句意。易误选 B 项,well-known“著名的”, 无比较含义。(2)Many students signed up for the race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-longC.800 metre length D.800 metres length【答案与解析】A 800-metre-long 是
16、由“ 数词+ 名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,其中的名词只能用单数形式。(3)We have two in our town and a new chemical is to open soon. A.ironworks; works B.ironworks; workC.ironwork; work D.ironwork; works【答案与解析】A works“工厂”,可构成许多复合名词,通常用复数形式但作单数看待,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。(4)The teacher made me for keeping the class in order while she went out.
17、A.responsible B.responsiblyC.respond D.responsive【答案与解析】A responsible“负责的”,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。(5)She looked up and smiled as he came in. A.pleased B.pleasantC.pleasure D.pleasantly【答案与解析】D 副词 pleasantly 修饰谓语动词 smiled。题中所给四个选项皆由动词 please“使满意;使高兴” 转化而来 ,但意思不同。用所给词的适当形式填空1.John is an (athlete) boy.He is good
18、 at running. 2.A (translate) is someone who changes writing or speech into a different language. 3.If something is ( worth), it is important or useful, or you gain something from it. 4. (change) means unlikely to change or changing often. 5.To ( like) is to think someone or something is unpleasant a
19、nd not like them. 6.It is a physical (impossible) to be in two places at once. 7.The mad man looked cross and ( friend). 8.Any (understand) can resolve itself into a quarrel. 9.The play was (amuse ) written, but its subject was a serious one. 10.He applied for (admit) to the university. 11.His work
20、was criticized for its poverty of (imagine) . 12.After arguing for hours, we finally reached a (settle ). 13.Here, they have been using the sports (equip ) offering from China. 14.I am not shy about talking to men I find (attract) . 【答案】1.athletic 2.translator 3.worthwhile4.Unchangeable 5.dislike 6.impossibility 7.unfriendly 8.misunderstanding 9.amusingly 10.admission 11.imagination12.settlement 13.equipment 14.attractive温馨贴士本课时的核心部分为构词法,知识要点图解如下:
