1、注：单音图、多音图与特殊规则以 26 个字母为顺序，综合规则以涉及数量为顺序。 1All Of English Rules 单音图规则a usually says the first sound before 1 or 2 consonant in the same syllable.在同一个音节中，一个或两个辅音字母前 a 通常发第 1 音。a3is used before two consonants in a one syllable word.ss st sp sk sc lm lv lf ff ft ph th nce在一个单音节单词中，a3用在两个辅音前面。a usually sa
2、ys a4before ll、lk、lt and ld.a 通常在 ll、lk、lt 和 ld 前发第四个音。a usually says a5after w or qu1。Aa 在 w 或 qu 后发 a5。b is often silent after m at the end of a word.Bb 通常在单词的末尾 m 后面不发音。c always says c2before e,i or y.c 在 e，i 或 y 前面总是发第 2 音。c1at the end of a word we may use c1but it is in the ending-ic.当 c1作后缀 ic
3、 时我们可以用在单词末尾。If we hear c1 sound the first choice will be c.C当听到 c1的时候我们首选 c。Silent e helps vowel say their second sound.不发音 e 帮助元音发第 2 音。Silent e ends words which cannot end with v or u.不发音 e 帮助不能结尾的 v 或 u 结尾。Silent e makes c to say c2and allows g to say g2.不发音 e 帮助 c 发 c2允许 g 发 g2。Silent e provide
4、s a vowel where a syllable needs one.不发音 e 提供一个元音给需要的音节。Silent e does two jobs at once.不发音 e 同时有两个功能。Helpless e.无用的 e。Base word ends with silent e if we add a vowel ending,drop silent e and add the suffix.基本词以 e 结尾加元音后缀时去 e 加后缀。Adding es after the consonant phonograms s、x 、z 、sh、ch and tch.E在辅音音图 s、
5、x、z、sh、ch 和 tch 后面加 es。Words ending in a single f or fe,f will often change to v if the suffix is added.F单词以 f 或 fe 结尾加后缀时变 f 为 ve 加 s。g may says g2before e,i or y.Gg 在 e，i 或 y 前面可以发第 2 音。i usually says i1before one consonant in the same syllable.在同一个音节一个辅音前 i 通常发第 1 音。i may say i1or2before two cons
6、onants in the same syllable.在同一个音节两个辅音前 i 可以发第 1 或 2 音。i say i1at the end of unstressed syllable.在非重读音节末尾 i 发第 1 音。i say i2at the end of stressed syllable.I在重读音节末尾 i 发第 2 音。If we hear the c1sound before e、i or y,we cannot use c,we will use k instead.K当在 c1的后面跟着 e、i 或 y 时，我们不能用 c，用 k 代替。o usually say
7、s o1before one consonant in the same syllable.在同一个音节一个辅音前 o 可以发第 1 音。o may say o1or2before two consonants in the same syllable.在同一个音节两个辅音前 o 可以发第 1 或 2 音。When the sound u1is heard before v or th,we use o4.当在 v 或 th 的前面听到 u1的音时，我们用 o4。To form the plural of musical words ending in o add only s.关于音乐的单词
8、以 o 结尾直接加 s。If the bese word ends with o and it is a vowel before o add s.基本词以 o 结尾前面跟着元音时加 s。If the base word ends with o and it is a consonant before o add es.O基本词以 o 结尾前面跟着元音时加 es。When added to a base word, s will say s2if it follows a vowel sound or a voiced consonant, it will say s1if it follow
9、s an unvoiced consonant.S当 s 加到一个基本词的末尾如果跟着元音或浊辅音 s 会发第 2 音，如果跟着清辅音 s 会发第 1 音。u usually says u2（1 ）or2（2）at the end of a syllable.U2(1):j l r s U2(2):b p m f d t n cu 通常在音节末尾发第 2（1 ）或 2（2）音。u usually says the first sound before 1 or 2 consonant in the same syllable.U在同一个音节中，一个或两个辅音字母前 u 通常发第 1 音。x2
10、is used to begin a syllable.x2用在音节的开头。x says gz when it is followed by a vowel in a stressed syllable.X当 x 后面是重读音节且跟着元音，它会发 gz。Base word ends with y when we add the suffix if y follows a vowel add the suffix directly.基本词以 y 结尾跟在一个元音后面加后缀时直接加后缀。Base word ends with y when we add the suffix if y follow
11、s a consonant we need to use i instead of y and then add the suffix.Y基本词以 y 结尾跟在一个辅音后面加后缀时变 y 为 i 加后缀。Base word ends with y when we add the suffix if y follows a vowel add the suffix directly.基本词以 y 结尾跟在一个元音后面加后缀时直接加后缀。Base word ends with y when we add the suffix if y follows a consonant we need to
12、use i instead of y and then add the suffix.基本词以 y 结尾跟在一个辅音后面加后缀时变 y 为 i 加后缀。Base word ends with y when we add the s if y follows a consonant we need to change the y to i add es,not s.基本词以 y 结尾跟在一个辅音后面加 s 时变 y 为 i 加 es。Base word ends with y if the ending is ing we do not change the y to i we just add
13、 ing.基本词以 y 结尾加 ing 后缀时不需要变 y 为 i 而是直接加 ing。English words may not end with i,so y takes the place of i.英语单词不能以 i 结尾，所以用 y 结尾。y says y1or2at the end of a syllable在音节末尾 y 发第 1 或 2 音。y says y3at the beginning of a word.y 在单词开头发第 3 音。y say y1at the end of unstressed syllable.在非重读音节末尾 y 发第 1 音。y say y2at
14、 the end of stressed syllable.Y在重读音节末尾 y 发第 2 音。z always says z at the beginning of a word,not s2.Z在单词的开头我们用 z 而非 s2。少了QU多音图规则ar1 is used before one consonant in the same syllable.在同一个音节中，ar1用在一个辅音前面。ar1is used before sh and ch.ar1用在 sh 或 ch 前面。ar1 is used at the end of a short word.ar1用在一个短词的末尾。ar
15、says ar2 after w、qu and dw.arar 在 w、qu 和 dw 的后面发第 2 音。augh is used at the end of a syllable.augh 用在音节末尾。augh is used at the end of a word or before t.aughaugh 用在单词末尾或 t 的前面。aw can be used anywhereat the beginning, middle or end of a word.awaw 能用在任何地方在单词的开头，中间或末尾。ay may be used at the end of a syllab
16、le if a vowel follows.ayay 可以用在音节的末尾，当后面跟着一个元音时。ch1is used after a consonant.ch1用在一个辅音的后面。ch1is used after two vowels.ch1用在两个元音的后面。ch3is used for words of French origin.chch3用在法语的开头。If a base word ends with c or ce，we use ci to make the ending.ci当基本词以 c 或 ce 结尾时，我们用 ci 结尾。ck is used after a single v
17、owel letter saying the first sound.ckck 用在发第 1 个音的单元音字母后面。dge can be used only at the end of a base word.dge 只能用在一个基本词末尾。dge can only be used after a single vowel letter saying a1、e1 、i1、o1or u1.dgedge 只用在发第 1 音的单元音字母后面。ear at the end of a word is made up of two phonograms ea+r.ear 用在单词的末尾发音由两个音图组成
18、ea+r。ear never says er at the end of a word.earear 在单词末尾从来不发 er 的音。ed says ed after d and t.ed 在 d 和 t 的后面发 ed。ed says d after a voiced consonant or a vowel phonogram.ed 在浊辅音及元音音图后面发 d。ed says t after an unvoiced consonant.ed 在清辅音后面发 t。Some ed words are adjectives. ed有些 ed 单词是形容词。er is usually used
19、to say the er sound at the end of multi-syllable words,it is usually a schwa sound.erer 通常用在多音节单词末尾，它通常是一个弱化音。Use ei after c if choosing between ie and ei.ei在 c 后面用 ei。eigh may be used at the end of a syllable.eigh 可以用在音节的末尾。eigh may be used at the end of a word.eigh 可以用在单词的末尾。eigh may be used befor
20、e t.eigheigh 可以用在 t 的前面。ew1can be used after j、l、r、s 、y and ch.ew 在 j、 l、r、s、y 和 ch 后面发第 1 音。ew2can be used after p、f、 d、m、n and h.ewew 在 p、f 、d 、m、n 和 h 后面发第 2 音。dge cannot follow a vowel saying its second sound ,we must write ge instead.gedge 不能用在发第 2 个音的元音后面所以用 ge 代替。gh is used at the beginning o
21、f a word.ghgh 用在单词的开头。gn may be used at the beginning or at the end of a word.gngn 可以被用在单词的开头或结尾。gu says gu2after n.gugu 在 n 的后面发第 2 音ie says ie2at the end of a word.ie在单词末尾 ie 发 ie2。igh may only be used at the end of a word or before t.ighigh 只能用在单词的末尾或 t 的前面。Two letter kn used only at the beginnin
22、g of a base word.knkn 只用在基本词的开头。When ng is at the end of a base word and a suffix is added ng will say ng.ng当 ng 在一个基本词的末尾加后缀时 ng 发 ng。oe may be used only at the end of a word.oeoe 只能用在单词末尾。oo usually says oo2before k.oooo 在 k 的前面发 oo2。or is usually used after ct and after a word ending in ate.oror
23、通常用在以 ct 或 ate 结尾的基本词后面。ow is only used at the end of a syllable,before n or l alone,or at the end of a word.ow 的第一音只用在音节的末尾，单独的 n 或 l 的前面，或单词的末尾。Use ou whenever ow cannot be used.ow当 ou 不能用的时候我们用 ow。oy may be used at the end of a word or at the end of a syllable if a vowel follows.oyoy 可以用在单词的末尾或一个
24、音节的末尾当后面跟着一个元音。If qu is at the end of a word and followed by silent e,qu will say qu2.qu如果 qu 在单词末尾并且跟在不发音的 e 前面，qu 发它的第 2 音。sc can only be used before e、i and y.scsc 只能用在 e、i 和 y 的前面。sh must be used to say sh to begin a word.sh 用在单词的开头。sh must be used to say sh to end a syllable.shsh 用在音节的末尾。si wil
25、l say si2if it follows a vowel sound.si 在一个元音后面发第 2 个音。If a base word ends with s or se，we use si1 to make the ending.si当基本词以 s 或 se 结尾，我们用 si1结尾.tch is usually used after a single vowel letter saying its short sound.tchtch 用在发短音的单元音字母后面。If th is at the end of a word and followed by a silent e th wi
26、ll say th2.如果 th 在单词末尾并且跟在不发音的 e 前面，th 发它的第 2 音。Sometimes th is pronounced as t.有时候 th 发 t 的音。the+word beginning with consonants sound=say th1e.the 加上以辅音发音开头的单词会发 th1e。the+word beginning with vowel sound=say th2e.ththe 加上以元音发音开头的单词会发 th2e。ti is used after the sounds a2、e2 、o2and u2.ti 用在 a2、e2、o2和 u
27、2后面。ti is used to say sh before ct and after a word ending in ate.ti 用在 ct 或 ate 的后面。When a base word ends with ct,we use the t with ion to make the ending tioon.ti当一个基本词以 ct 结尾时，我们用 t 加 ion 结尾。When o follows wh,wh says h:wh+o=ho3.wh当 wh 后面跟着 o，wh 发 h：wh+o=ho3。wor will only be used at the beginning
28、of a word.worwor 只用在单词的开头。wr used only at the beginning of a base word.wrwr 只用在基本词的开头。综合规则If a consonant follows in the next syllable,the phonograms say 2 separate sounds.当 ti 和 ci 单独作为一个音节后面跟着一个辅音时发 ti 发 ti，ci 发 ci。If a vowel follows in the next syllable,the phonograms say shi.2当 ti 和 ci 单独作为一个音节后面
29、跟着一个元音时发 shi。English words may not have sb、sg nor sd together in the same syllable.3在同一个音节里，英语单词不可以出现 sb、sg 或 sd 一起。a e o u say the second sound at the end of a syllable.a e o u 在音节末尾发第二个音。English words may not end with i、u 、j or v.英语单词不可以以 i、u、j 或 v 结尾。l、f、 s1and z will double after a single vowel
30、at the end of a one syllable word.4l、f、 s1和 z 在单音节单词的末尾如果跟着一个元音，它们会双写。In a one syllable word if there is one vowel before the last one consonant double the last consonant if the suffix begins with a word.在一个单音节单词中，有一个元音并且元音在一个辅音前面，加元音后缀时双写最后一个辅音。If a base word has two syllables the second syllable i
31、s stressed.In the second syllable,there is one vowel one consonant after the vowel.When we add the vowel suffix we should double the last consonant.在一个基本词中有两个音节并且第二个音节是重读音节。在第二个音节中有一个元音，并且元音后面跟着一个辅音。加元音后缀时双写最后一个辅音。A suffix is a few letters at the end of a word.后缀是加在单词后面的几个字母。Vowel suffix-a suffix be
32、ginning with a vowel.元音后缀-以元音开头的后缀。Consonant suffix-a suffix beginning with a consonant.MAX辅音后缀-以辅音开头的后缀。特殊规则est will be used when the meaning expresses the superlative degree of an adjetive.est 用于形容词的最高级。ess is often used for the female form at a noun.Eess 通常用在表示性的单词后面。If the word means“someone who does what the base word indicates”,use ist.如果单词表示“某人做某事 ”用 ist。IIn means not. Re means again. Inter means between inter.n+g sound=ngg.n 和 g 发 ngg。n+k sound=ngk.Nn 和 k 发 ngk。O oa+r=or ai+r=e1-r（prolonged）
