1、Unit 2 Cloning单元要览本单元的中心话题是“克隆” ，即无性繁殖。1997 年英国罗斯林研究所试验成功的克隆羊多莉是首次利用体细胞克隆成功的，它在生物工程史上揭开了新的一页。本单元具体内容涉及“什么是克隆” 、 “克隆羊多莉是如何诞生的 ”、 “克隆的利与弊”等。通过本单元的教学，可以帮助同学们了解两种不同的克隆自然克隆与人工克隆，克隆是如何产生的，人类从克隆中可以得到什么好处，克隆人可能带来什么问题，等等，同时可以引发他们对于克隆动物健康的关注以及对于克隆技术发展前景的思考等。本单元的主要教学内容如下表所示：类别 课程标准要求掌握的内容话题 Natural clones and
2、manmade clones；the history of cloning； controversy about cloningcast vt.扔；投；掷 opera n.歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院object vi.反对；不赞成 chorus n.合唱；合唱队obtain vt.获得；赢得 loaf n.一条（面包）owe vt.欠；归功于 flour n.面粉retire vi.退休；离开 assumption n.假定；设想bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰 regulation n.规则；规章；法规strike vt.&vi.打；撞击；罢工n.罢工 drawback n.缺点；不利
3、条件resist vt.抵抗；对抗 decoration n.装饰vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 feather n.羽毛differ vi.不同；相异 turkey n.火鸡undertake vt.着手；从事；承担 claw n.爪；脚爪attain vt.获得；到达 exact adj.精确的；准确的forbid vt.禁止；不准 commercial adj.商业的；贸易的accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积 straightforward adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 arbitrary adj.任意的hatch vt.&vi.
4、孵出；孵卵；孵化 moral adj.道德（上）的；伦理的twin n.双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的 conservative adj.保守的；守旧的breakthrough n.突破 compulsory adj.义务的；强制的procedure n.程序；步骤；手续 initial adj.最初的；开始的carrier n.携带者；搬运工；运输工具 unable adj.不能的；不会的correction n.改正；修正；纠正 reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的objection n.不赞成；反对；异议 altogether adv.总共；完全地medium/
5、media n.媒介；手段；工具 shortly adv.立刻；不久constitution n.宪法；章程 merely adv.仅；只；不过pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 from time to time 不时；偶尔cast down 沮丧；不愉快 bring back to life 使复生；使复活in favour of 赞成；支持 in vain 白费力气；枉费心机词汇（be）bound to （do） .一定或注定（做） in good/poor condition 状况/情况很好/坏strike.into ones heart 使刻骨铭心 side road 旁路；
6、支线1Then came the disturbing news that_Dolly_had_become_seriously_ill.（同位语从句）2Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were_more_appropriate_to a much older animal.3Is it in_favour_of cloning or against it？4Dollys death，like her birth，was _bound_to raise worries.5Scientists bel
7、ieve human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet.句型6Besides that，there is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed.功能1接受与拒绝（Acceptance and refusal ）Im happy to accept.but. I
8、 cannot accept your argument because.I support.because. No，I cant agree with.because.I agree with/could never agree to.because.How can you believe that?Your argument has convinced me because.I would like to agree with you but.Do you think it is wise to.? No，that is not reasonable because.Is it fair
9、to.? I dont care for your ideas because.I dont mind but.2表扬与鼓励（Praise and encouragement）Your ideas sound very encouraging to me.Thats a good/great idea.Well done to you for.语法复习同位语（ Revise the Appositive）1名词（短语）作同位语But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a
10、breakthroughthe_cloning_of_Dolly_the_sheep.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years，half the length of the life of the original sheep.2从句作同位语The fact that_she_seemed_to_develop_normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that_Dolly_had_become_seriously_ill.教学重点1Get students to kno
11、w about cloning and its advantages and disadvantages.2Have students learn some useful new words and expressions about cloning and let them learn effective ways to master them.3Enable students to grasp and use the expressions of acceptance and refusal，praise and encouragement.4Let students revise the
12、 grammar item：the use of the appositive.5Develop students listening ，speaking ，reading and writing ability.教学难点1Enable students to master the use of the appositive.2Let students learn to write a short passage to explain how to deal with cloning.3Develop students integrative skills.课时安排Periods needed
13、：6Period 1 Warming Up，Prereading，Reading and ComprehendingPeriod 2 Language StudyPeriod 3 Grammar Revise the Appositive（Words，Phrases and Clauses）Period 4 Listening and SpeakingPeriod 5 Reading，Speaking and WritingPeriod 6 Summing Up，Learning Tip and AssessmentPeriod 1 Warming Up，Prereading，Reading
14、and Comprehending整体设计教学内容分析This is the first teaching period of this unit.The central part of this period is the reading passage with the name of Cloning：Where Is It Leading Us? It talks about what is cloning，the uses of cloning and different ideas about cloning.Warming Up gives four pictures to hel
15、p students understand what is cloning and the types of cloning.Then they will be led to discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are manmade，and think about how they differ.This part is designed to help the students to recall their background knowledge about cloning and prepares students
16、 for the whole unit.Prereading provides a table “Questions about cloning” and let students discuss what they understand about cloning.Then students can list the questions they want to find out and share their lists with one another.The aim of this part is for students to examine their concept of clo
17、ning and discuss what they know about the procedure to produce manmade ones.The aim of Reading is to introduce students to the procedure of animal cloning and the life of Dolly the sheep.It is a factual piece of writing.It explains some of the reasons why cloning is still controversial.Comprehending
18、 consists of three written or oral exercises for the students to do so as to help the students to get a better understanding of the text，that is to say，to help the teacher to check how much the students have understood the text.三维目标设计Knowledge and skills1To know the meanings of the following new wor
19、ds and phrases in this period：differ（不同；相异） ，exact （精确的，准确的） ，twin （双胞胎之一） ，commercial（商业的；贸易的） ，straightforward（简单的；直接的；坦率的） ，undertake（着手；从事；承担） ，pay off（得到好结果；取得成功；偿清） ，breakthrough（突破） ，procedure（程序；步骤；手续） ，carrier（携带者；搬运工；运输工具） ，cast down（沮丧；不愉快） ，altogether（总共；完全地） ， arbitrary（任意的） ，correction
20、 （改正；修正；纠正） ，objection（不赞成；反对；异议） ，medium/media（媒介；手段；工具） ，obtain（获得；赢得） ，attain （获得；到达） ，moral（道德的；伦理的） ，conservative（保守的；守旧的） ，forbid（禁止；不准） ，accumulate（积累；聚积） ，in favour of（赞成；支持）2To learn about some facts and views about cloning.3To learn how the information is organized.4To develop the students
21、 reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.5To develop the students speaking ability by talking about cloning.Process and methods1While doing Warming Up the teacher can lead in the topic of this unit by showing students some pictures or videos about cloning，making the students recall thei
22、r own knowledge about cloning.2During Prereading the teacher can let students discuss the questions in groups.This discussion should be studentcentered and lead them to the content of Reading.3While doing Reading and Comprehending，the teacher may first ask the students to read the text quickly to ge
23、t the general idea.After detailed reading of the passage，students are encouraged to discuss the writers point of view.4To consolidate the contents of the reading passage，the students should be required to retell the text in their own words at the end of the class.Emotion，attitude and value1To make s
24、tudents realize the benefit of cloning and the harm of cloning.2To develop students sense of cooperative learning and competition.教学重点、难点1To enable the students to learn about cloning and to develop their reading ability.2To enable the students to talk about what we should do to deal with cloning pr
25、operly.教学过程Step 1 Warming upThe topic “cloning” is difficult for students.So the teacher should help the students learn more about it.In class the teacher can talk as follows.“Do you enjoy watching TV series？Have you ever seen Journey to the West？It tells how Monk Tang went to the Western Heaven to
26、acquire scriptures.In this series，Monkey King plays an important part.He has seventytwo transformations.He can change his looks exactly the same as another one，which helps him overcome lots of difficulties on the way to the Western Heaven.But nowadays，you can imagine how rapidly the modern science a
27、nd technology develop.I think most of you must know something about space traveling.Human beings can do what Monkey King could do or even could not do.In recent years，a hot topic，cloning ，is often mentioned，especially when the clone Dolly the sheep appeared.Cloning technologies have been around much
28、 longer than Dolly，though.First things first，what is cloning？It sounds very different and complicated to us.In fact，I mean，in our daily life，this happens often.For example，gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.You often see that your mother picks a small branch from a growing
29、plant to make a new one.If she likes this kind of flowers， she can do cloning.Cloning also happens in animals or human beings when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The possibility of human cloning， raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute creat
30、ed the muchcelebrated sheep “Dolly”，aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications.Look at the pictures and discuss how natural clones and man made clones differ.”Step 2 PrereadingBefore class，ask the students to search for some information about cloning.No
31、w show the questions on the screen，and then let them work in pairs and discuss about cloning.Ask the students to list the questions they want to find out and then share their lists with their partners.Questions about cloning：1What is a clone?2How is a clone produced?3What benefits can humans gain fr
32、om cloning?4What problems may arise when humans are cloned?5Should we clone human?6Could cloning replace sex as the means of creating new human life?7Could a parent clone a child who is dying of a terminal illness?The teacher walks around the classroom and gives the students some help if necessary.A
33、fter a few minutes，ask students what is the writers opinion about cloning.If they cant give their answers，ask them to read the article quickly to find answers to the questions.Suggested answers：1A clone is an animal or plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plan
34、t and is exactly the same as it.2This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones and when small parts of a plant are taken and grown in a laboratory.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.
35、3It can help cure disease and can help couples who cant bear a new baby.4 （1）People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.（2）People may want to clone dead children.（3）People may want to clone their favourite pets.5I do not think we should ，for it may cause many moral problems.6No.Bec
36、ause cloned human has the same quality as the real human while natural born babys quality is higher than his parents.7No.The cloned baby also has the disease.Step 3 Reading and comprehendingGet the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students form a good
37、habit of reading.1Fast readingShow the following questions on the screen.Ask students to read the passage quickly and tell whether the following statements are true（T）or false（F） （1）Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant.（ ）（2）Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants.（ ）（3）Cl
38、oning animals is as complicated as cloning plants.（ ）（4）Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal.（ ）（5）Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants.（ ）Suggested answers：（1）F （2）T （3）F （4）T （5）T2Careful reading（1）Ask students to read the text again and find out the main ide
39、a of each paragraph.Paragraph 1：_Paragraph 2：_Paragraph 3：_Paragraph 4：_Paragraph 5：_Suggested answers：Paragraph 1：Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.Paragraph 2：Cloning has two major uses.Paragraph 3：The problems of Dolly.Paragraph 4：The effect of Dolly.Paragraph 5：
40、It is forbidden to clone human beings.（2）Show the following exercises on the screen and ask students to read the text again and find the answer to each question.The main idea of the text is _.Aanimal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the worldBanimal cloning could be misused by bad people so
41、it must be forbiddenCanimal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was bornDanimal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its futureWhich of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the text?ACloning is something that has been developed quite rec
42、ently.BTwins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.CCloning is used by gardeners to make more money.DAnimal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep B because _.Ait provides the egg cell Bit gives birth to the lambCit provid
43、es the nucleus Dit is a female sheepAn original sheep most probably lives _ years.A3 B6 C9 D13Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?AEvil leaders may want to clone themselves.BAnimal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than
44、 the donor animals.CThere are moral objections to cloning human beings.DToo much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?ACloning can be used for medical purposes.BLarge quantities of food can be produced by cloning.CFamous p
45、ersons who have passed away can be cloned.DCloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _.AThe normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species.BDollys serious disease and final death disturbed everyone in the world.CDo
46、lly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists.DThere were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.What is the writers attitude toward cloning in this passage?AThe writer is against cloning.BThe writer is in favour of cloning.CThe writer does n
47、ot state any personal opinion about cloning.DThe writer is in agreement with cloning.Suggested answers：DACD DCDCStep 4 Language studyDeal with language problems if any（words or sentences students might not understand）to help the students have a better understanding of the text.Step 5 Listening ，read
48、ing aloud and underliningAsk students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them down in their notebooks after class as homework.Collocations：quantities of，pay off，on the one hand，on the other hand，be
