1、课堂导学基础巩固 一、词汇详解1.differ vi. （1） （常与 from 连用）不同，不像，相异（2） （常与 with 连用）不同意【典型例句】My brother and I differ in many ways.我和弟弟在许多方面都不同。Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation.汉语发音跟日语大不相同。They differ with each other as to the precise meaning of this article in the contract.对于合同中这一条款的确切释义他们的看法互
2、不一致。【相关链接】agree to differ 求同存异beg to differ 恕不苟同differ in 在方面不同different adj.不同的be different from 与不同difference n. 不同differently adv. 不同地2.undertake vt. 承担，从事；着手干【典型例句】A local firm undertook the building.当地的一家公司承包了这项建筑工程。 （接名词）He undertook to be our guide.他同意做我们的向导。 （接不定式）He undertakes a piece of wo
3、rk.他从事着一项工作。 （接名词）Then we undertook to improve our teaching.然后我们着手进行教学改革。 （接不定式）【要点归纳】undertake 后接名词，也可接不定式。【相关链接】近义词：try,attempt vi. 进行，从事反义词：end,quit v. 结束，离开3.cast vt. 投、抛、掷；舍弃【典型例句】As soon as they reached the fishing area,the fishermen cast their nets into the sea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。Many senators
4、 cast their notes against the new tax law.许多参议员都投票反对新税法。When he became rich,he cast aside all his old friends who gave him some help.他富了，抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。【相关链接】cast away 遭遇海难而流落某地cast down 使心烦意乱/气馁/沮丧cast off 解缆放船cast a net 撒网cast on (编织毛衣等)起针4.object vi. 反对，不赞成 vt.反对说，提出作为反对的理由【典型例句】We object to be
5、ing treated like this.我们抗议这种待遇。They objected that discipline was lacking.他们提出缺少纪律作为反对的理由。My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。【相关链接】object to /against 反对objection n. 不赞成，反对，异议take/have/feel objection to 反对5.forbid vt.禁止，不许【典型例句】Smoking should be forbidden in publ
6、ic places.公共场所应禁止吸烟。Her parents forbid her to go out alone.她父母不许她单独外出。【要点归纳】forbidsth. clauseth .b tdo s.ing thfr禁 止 某 人 某 事禁 止 某 人 做 某 事禁 止 做 某 事禁 止 某 事【相关链接】Parking forbidden! 禁止停车！Cameras are forbidden! 禁止拍照！God forbid! 但愿别（发生此事）！6.accumulate vt. 积累，聚积vi.堆积，积聚【典型例句】The purpose of education is not
7、 just accumulating information.教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。Dust quickly accumulates if we dont clean our room regularly.房屋不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。7.bother vt. 打扰 vi. 麻烦 n.麻烦【典型例句】Does the noise bother you much?那噪音使你深感困扰吗？Shall I help you?要我帮忙吗 ？Dont bother.Ill do it myself.不用麻烦。我会自己做的。Dont bother to call.不用打电话来。I found t
8、he school without any bother.我毫不费事地找到了那所学校。8.resist vt. 抵挡，对抗，防止 vi.抵抗，反抗 n.防染剂【典型例句】Others will survive and pass on the abillty to resist that disease to their children.其他的将存活下来并传递给其后代抵抗这种疾病的能力。She resisted being carried off.她拒绝被带走。The material resists water.这材料是防水的。She couldnt resist the temptatio
9、n.她无法抗拒那项 诱惑 。9. be bound to 注定；有义务做【典型例句】Dollys death,like her birth,was bound to raise worries.多莉的死和她的生一样，必定要引起忧虑。The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明天天气一定会变好。I am bound to tell you that you are too tired.我有必要告诉你，你太累了。【要点归纳】be bound to do sth.注定，一定会；有法律责任或义务做某事 【相关链接】be bound up in 热心于，专心
10、致志于be bound up with 与有密切联系10.Firstlysecondly 首先其次【典型例句】Firstly he has no money,secondly he has no time.首先他没有钱，其次他也没时间。【相关链接】firstly、first 和 at first 的区别（1）first 与 firstly 两者均可表示“首先，第一”之义。first 可用作名词、形容词或副词，而firstly 只能用作副词；first 的使用范围比 firstly 大，后者只用于列举事实和理由。汉语里的“首先”“第一”，在英语中是 firstly、first of all、in
11、 the first place 或干脆说 first；但汉语中的“最后一点”，英语里却不说 last，而是说 lastly 或 last of all,这是应当记住的。在现代英语中，firstly 不如 first 用得普遍，许多人在列举事物时都是说：First,;secondly,;thirdly,。例如：First come,first served.（谚语）先到先服务（先到先有） 。Firstly,you should know what profession suits you.首先，你应该知道什么职业适合你。但在下列场合里，first 却不可以和 firstly 替换使用，例如：W
12、e first go to Shenzhen,and then to Beijing.我们先到深圳，然后上北京） 。 （不能用 firstly)(2)at first 表示“ 起初” ，常用来指同后来时间相对比的一个时间，但没有排序的概念。例如：At first I didnt understand,but afterwards it became very claer.我起初不明白，但后来就很清楚了。11.although,though,as,in spite of 和 despite 的区别【典型例句】Although (Though) he is a little child,he kn
13、ows a lot.尽管是个孩子，他懂很多东西。Tired though (as) he was,he was still working hard.虽然很疲劳，但他仍在努力工作。He keeps working in spite of (despite) his illness.他不顾有病，坚持工作。【要点归纳】这几个词都有“虽然，尽管” 的意思。前三个词是连词，而 in spite of 和 despite 是介词。（1）although 和 though 是从属连词，though 更为常用，而 although 则更为正式一些。although 和 though 引导的句子既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后面。两者在句中经常可以互换。注意：although 和 though 引导的句子不能与 but 和 however 连用。（2）though 引导的从句还可以用倒装语序，即把句子中的表语、状语提前放到句首。而as 引导的让步状语从句则必须把句子中的表语、状语提前放到句首。两者可以互换。注意：如果表语是单数名词，提到句首时需要去掉冠词 a。(3)in spite of 和 despite 是介词，后面接名词或代词。
