1、课堂导学基础巩固 一、词汇详解1.discovery n.发现；被发现的事物【典型例句】The country became rich following the discovery of oil.随着石油的发现，这个国家变得很富裕了。They have made new discoveries in science.他们在科学上已作出了新的发现.【要点归纳】discovery 作“发现” 讲时为不可数名词，作 “发现物”讲时为可数名词。常与动词 make 连用，如：make an important discovery有重大发现【相关链接】discover vt.发现（已存在但并不为人所知的
2、事，通常指地方或科学事实） ；知道。discover 的基本用法如下：（1）跟名词或代词It was Madame Curie who discovered the element radium.是居里夫人发现了镭元素。（2）跟带连接词的不定式We never discovered how to open the box.我们找不出打开盒子的方法。（3）跟复合宾语We discovered him to be an enemy spy.我们发现他是一名敌特。2.distinguish vi 显示的差别；区别，辨别；vt.使有所 不同【典型例句】The male is distinguished
3、 (from the female)by its red beak.由嘴部为红色这一特点可辨别出其为雄性。People who can not distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。Speech distinguishes human beings from the animal.使用言语是人类有别于动物的特征。【相关链接】distinguish (between) A and B 区别，辨别 A 与 Bdistinguish oneself 受人注目,出名3.abrupt adj.突然的，意外
4、的；（指言语等）不流畅，不连贯的；（指行为）粗鲁的，唐突的【典型例句】He was driving on the road with many abrupt turns at that time.那时他正驾车行驶在有许多急转弯的路上。He wrote some short abrupt sentences.他写出了些短小而不连贯的句子。He has an abrupt manner.他举止粗鲁。【相关链接】abruptly adv.突然地，意外地abruptness n.突然，意外（不可数名词）4.convenient adj.方便的，便利的；近便的，容易到达的【典型例句】Will it be
5、 convenient for you to start work tomorrow?你明天开始工作方便吗？Its useful to have a convenient supermarket.附近有家超级市场实在方便。【相关链接】convenience n.便利（不可数名词，当“便利的设施”时为可数名词）conveniently adv.方便地inconvenient adj.不方便的(反义词)5.expectation n.预料；期待，期望【典型例句】There is no expectation of snow tonight.今晚预料无雪。Our parents have great
6、 expectations for our future.父母对我们的前途深寄厚望。【要点归纳】expectation 常用复数形式，表示“ 有信心的指望”。【相关链接】beyond ones expectation 出乎 的意料in expectation of = expecting 期待against/contrary to (all) expectations 意想不到expect vt.期待，预料，指望，认为expect sb.to be 期望某人成为as one might expect 正如人们所预料的6.passive adj.消极的；被动的【典型例句】They receive
7、d the news of their defeat with passive resignation.他们以无可奈何的消极心态接受了失败的消息。He played a passive role in a marriage.他在婚姻中扮演了被动的角色。【相关链接】反义词为 activepassive/active voice被动/主动语态7.bear n.熊 vt.忍耐；负担【典型例句】I saw a bear trapped in a cave.我看见一只熊被困在山洞里。The pain was almost more than he could bear.这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。Do t
8、he brides parents have to bear the cost of the wedding?要由新娘的父母来负担婚礼所需的费用吗？How can you bear to eat that stuff?你怎么能吃得下那样的东西？He cant bear being laughed at.他无法忍受别人嘲笑他。【要点归纳】cant bear to do sth.“不能忍受做某事”表示某一次动作。cant bear doing sth.“不能忍受做某事”表示习惯性的 动作 。8.mess n.杂乱；脏东西；乱七八糟，困难或紊乱的状态或局面vi.vt 弄乱，弄糟；无所事事，胡闹【典型
9、例句】The report you did is a real messdo it again.你写的那份报告实在是乱七八糟把它重写。Theres a lot of mess to clear up.有许多脏东西要清理。This illness makes a mess of my holiday plans.这场病把我的假期计划打乱了。He spent all day just messing about.他整天只是混日子。His late arrival messed up our plans.她的迟到把我们的计划打乱了。【要点归纳】mess 多与不定冠词连用，但不用复数。make a m
10、ess of 为“扰乱，弄乱”，mess up 为一动词词组：“搞乱，搞糟” 。mess about/around“ 无所事事”。9.current n.气流；水流；洋流；电流 adj.时下的，当今的；流行的；通用的【典型例句】If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current,they could be sent along a wire.如果声波能在电流中被复制，那它们就可以沿电线传送。The current is strongest in the middle of the river.河中央的水流最急。Th
11、is button switches the current on.这个电钮接通电流。Most of the young are interested in current events.大部分青年人都对时事感兴趣。They are expecting profits of over $ 2 million in the current year.他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。The word is no longer in current use.这个词现已不再使用。【相关链接】against the current 逆流而行run/go current 流行；流传go with the
12、 current 随波逐流10.practical adj.实际的；实用的【典型例句】She lacks practical experience in teaching.她缺乏实际教学经验。Now he is wearing a practical uniform which is comfortable and doesnt show the dirt.他现穿一件很实用的制服，既舒服又看不出脏。【相关链接】impractical 不实用的practice n.实用，实践 in practice 在实践中practise doing sth.练习做某事practise on (upon) 利
13、用（别人的弱点） ；欺骗（某人）11.call up 给 打电话；使 回忆起【典型例句】Ill call you up this evening.今晚我会给你打电话的。These old photos called up memories of my childhood.这些老照片勾起了我对童年的回忆。【要点归纳】call up 后的宾语如果是代词，此代词应放在 call 和 up 之间；如果是具体的人或物，放在call 和 up 之间或 up 之后均可。【相关链接】call up 作“打电话” 讲时可用 ring up 代替。look back on/to sth.也当“回忆，记起”讲，其主
14、语一般为“人”，而 call up 的意思是“使回忆起”，主语为“ 物” 。call for 需要；要求call off 取消call on 拜访call back 召回call in 收集；邀请12.in case 以防万一；假使【典型例句】Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.请你明天再提醒我一下，免得我忘记。In case he comes,let me know.假若他来了，告诉我一声。【相关链接】in case of 要是，在时候in this case 如果这样的话in that case 如果那样的话in a
15、ny case 无论如何in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不in good case 健康，生活富裕It/This/That is not the case.情况不是这样；并非事实。13.dive into 跳水（头朝下） ；将手伸入中；全心投入，潜心研究【典型例句】The boy dived into the river from the bridge.那个男孩从桥上跳入河中。He dived into his pocket and pulled out his wallet.他将手伸到口袋中拿出他的钱包。They soon began to dive into the heart
16、of the matter.他们不久就开始探究事情的实质。【相关链接】dive in 跳入水中；开始吃take a dive 突然下降；暴跌make a dive for 向冲去14.set out to do sth.为了某目标而努力/着手做某事【典型例句】He set out to break the record for the channel swim.他决心打破游过海峡的记录。They set out to examine the patient.他们着手给病人做检查。【相关链接】 着 手 做 某 事 sth. doingabutse tset out for=set off for
17、=leave for 启程去某地set down 放下，记下set off 出发，启程set up 建立；成立set aside 宣告无效；废止15.hang on 不挂断；坚持【典型例句】Im afraid the line is busy,would you like to hang on?电话恐怕占线了，你能再等一会吗？We all know you are tired,but try to hang on a bit longer.我们都知道你累了，但再坚持一会吧。【相关链接】hang on=hold on 别挂断hang up/ring off 挂断hang about 闲荡hang
18、 back 畏缩不前hang out 居住；停留get/have the hang of 掌握做法；懂用法16.get through 接通；做完；通过考试；用完【典型例句】I cant get through,I think the line is busy now.我打不通的，我想现在线路忙。We were all delighted when we heard he had got through the exam.听到他考试通过了，我们都很高兴。He got through a whole chicken at one sitting.他一次吃了一只烧鸡。The government
19、managed to get the new law through.政府想法使新法案通过。【相关链接】get sth. through 把向某人讲清楚get down to 认真做get on with 与 相处get round 逃避；说服get up 起床get off 下车get away with 逃避惩罚get sth. done 让人做17.ring back(给）再打电话；回电话【典型例句】We told him you werent in ,so he said hed ring back later.我们向他说你不在，于是他说晚些时候再给你来电话。【相关链接】ring off 挂断ring up 给打电话ring to/with 回响ring a round 给许多人打电话，遍打电话
