1、互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.charge v. 收费；要价；把记入某人账内；控告；指控 n.价钱；费用【典型例句】This store often charges only 65 cents a dozen for large eggs.一打大鸡蛋在这家店里常常仅卖 65 美分。Please charge my account.请记在我账上。The charge for admission is $5.入场费 5 美元。He was arrested on the charge of robbery.他因被控犯有抢劫罪而被捕。【知识小结】charge 后加“钱” ，意思是“ 索要多少钱 ”
2、。charge ones account 记在某人账上charge （some money）for （doing）sth. 因某事向某人要钱charge sb.with （doing）sth.控告，指控on the charge of 以之罪【相关链接】free of charge/for free/for nothing 免费地sb. take charge of sth.=sth. be in charge of sb.负责某事be in the charge of 由掌管2.profit n. 利润;利益vi. 得益;利用vt. 有益于; 有利于【典型例句】He made a profi
3、t of fifty thousand dollars on his house.他卖掉房子，获利 5 万美元。He learned to profit by his mistakes.他学会了从自己的错误中受益。We profit from the work of the specialist.我们从专家的工作中得到益处。【知识小结】make a profit of. 获利润 gain profit 获益;得益profit by/from 从中获益【相关链接】profit from/by =benefit from/by 从中获利gain/make ones profit of 得益于;利用
4、profitable adj. 有利（可图）的profitless adj. 无利（可图）的with profit 有益处 ;有好处3.amuse vt. 使愉快；使发笑【典型例句】He often amuses himself by playing computer games.他经常玩电脑游戏消遣。We were greatly amused at/by Ma Jis cross talk.我们听了马季的相声都笑了起来。His silly jokes amused the children.他那些无聊的笑话把孩子们逗笑了。We were amused to see his face cov
5、ered in thick cream.看到他脸上满是厚厚的奶油，我们都被逗乐了。Our visits to the theatre made the holiday more amusing.我们因看了几场戏而使假日倍添情趣。【知识小结】sth.amuse sb. 某物使某人发笑be amused at/by.因而高兴be amused to do sth.干某事很高兴 【相关链接】amusement n. 娱乐品，娱乐活动；娱乐，快乐amusing 与 interesting 区别amusing 通常指娱乐、嬉戏等给人带来的感觉。interesting 泛指任何时候以有趣的事物引起人的兴趣
6、。4.various adj. 不同的；各种各样的；一些； 若干 【典型例句】For various reasons,Id prefer not to meet him.由于各种原因， 我不愿意见他。Various people said theyd seen the accident.一些人说他们目睹了这次事故。Your reasons for not wanting to meet Smith may be many and various,but you must still meet him.你也许有各种不同的理由不想见史密斯，可是你还是非见他不可。If you wont go,you
7、 may think of various reasons.如果你不想去，你可以找一些理由。【知识小结】various 在句中常作定语或表语。【相关链接】variety n. 多样性；变化；种类 a variety of =varieties of =all kinds of 各种各样的vary=change v. 变化；相异variation n. 变化；变奏；变种variable=changeable adj. 易变的5.admission n. 允许进入；入场费；承认 ;任用;录用【典型例句】He was admitted into the Party last year.他去年被吸收入
8、党了。She has the qualifications for admission to the college.她具备进入该学院的条件。He made an admission that he had used threatening behavior.他承认用了恐吓手段。Admission was free for children.孩子们可以免费入场。He made an admission of guilt.他承认犯了罪。【知识小结】be admitted into.被允许进入 the qualifications for admission to.具备进入的条件make an a
9、dmission of/that. 承认 【相关链接】admit v. 承认；供认；准许进入；接纳make an admission of sth.=admit sth.承认某事admit doing sth.承认做某事admit sb./sth.into sth.允许进入admit of no doubt 不容怀疑6.dress n. 衣服；（特定的）服装（如民族服装、晚礼服等）vt. 给穿衣；替做衣服 vi. 穿衣，打扮 ；穿晚礼服【典型例句】The mother is dressing her baby.母亲正为婴儿穿衣。She is dressed in black today.今天她
10、穿一身黑衣。The girl dresses fashionably.那女孩穿着时髦。Few people wore evening dress.几乎没有人穿晚礼服。【知识小结】dress sb./oneself 给某人/自己穿衣服be dressed in.穿着的衣服evening dress 晚礼服【相关链接】dress up as.打扮成 dress sb.down 训斥某人be dressed in +衣服（表状态）wear 穿的衣服（表状态） ；佩 、戴（手表、首饰、花等） ；留（发型、胡须等） ；表露表情/态度；（常用于进行时态） have on+衣服，表状态（一般不用于进行时态）
11、be in+颜色或某种颜色的衣服（表状态）put on vt. 表动作（后跟衣服，不与段时间连用）7.intend vt. 想要；打算；打算使（成为） ；（为而）准备【典型例句】He intends his son to manage the company.他打算让他儿子经营该公司。I intend studying/to study abroad.我打算出国留学。Lets ask her what she intends us to do.让我们问问她要我们做什么。What do you intend to do today?你今天打算做什么？That trap is intended f
12、or you.那个圈套是为你而设的。【知识小结】intend sb.to do/be.打算让某人去做或成为 （sb. be intended to do/be） intend to do/doing/that. 打算做intend sb.for sth. 某物是为某人准备的【相关链接】intend sth.for sb.=sth.be intended for sb.intend sth.as sth.=sth.be intended as sth.“be intended for sb./be intended as sth./be intended to do”中的 intended 可换
13、为 meant 或designed。8.provide vt.提供；供给;装备；规定 vi.抚养;赡养；规定【典型例句】On Sundays his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast for him.星期天,他的女房东不但供给早餐,还供给晚餐。Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿了。He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.为了糊口养
14、活众多的家人，他努力多挣钱。He has a large family to provide for.他有一大家子人要养活。The constitution provides for citizens rights and obligations.宪法规定了公民的权利与义务。【知识小结】provide sth.for sb.=provide sb.with sth. 给某人提供某物provide for 为作好准备【相关链接】provided/providing （that）. 假定，假如provide against sth. 预防;防备provide sb.with sth.=supply
15、 sb.with sth. 给某人提供某物provide sth.for/to sb.=supply sth.for/to sb. 把某物提供给某人offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb. 向某人提供某物9.prepare vt. 准备；使准备好；符合；筹划；做（饭、菜） ；制作；调制vi. 准备；预备【典型例句】They prepared themselves for the worst.他们作了最坏的打算。When we arrived home,mother had already prepared dinner for us.当我们到家时,母亲已为我们准备好了晚餐。
16、I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door.我正准备睡觉时听到有人敲门。Mother is preparing father to enter the hospital.母亲让父亲作好住院的准备。Im not prepared to listen to your excuses.我不想听你的借口。【知识小结】prepare oneself for.使某人作好准备prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备好某物prepare for.准备 prepare sb.to do sth.让某人准备好干某事 be prepare
17、d to do sth.准备干某事【相关链接】preparation n. 准备make preparations for.为作准备in preparation for. 为作准备be prepared for.为作准备（状态）prepare sth.是指直接做某事 prepare for.为 作准备 （动作） be prepared to do sth.准备做某事（状态）prepare to do sth.准备做某事（动作）10.worth adj. 有 （的）价值，值 ；值得（做 ）n.价值；值一定金额的数量【典型例句】This necklace is worth 1000 dollars
18、.这条项链值 1000 美元。That novel is not worth reading.那部小说不值得一读。The exhibition is worth a visit.这展览值得一看。This research project is of great worth.这一研究项目很有价值。He keeps in the safe $3 million worth of diamonds.他在保险箱里放着值 300 万美元的钻石。The matter is worth consideration.此事值得考虑。【知识小结】be worth +钱（价值数量词）be worth doing s
19、th.值得做be worth +n.值be of great worth 很有价值【相关链接】be worth +doing sth.值得做（动词-ing 形式用主动形式表示被动意义）be worth+n.价值（n.为表示价格或代价的名词）be worthy of+being done 值得做be worthy of+n.值得be worthy to be done 值得做It is worthwhile/worth ones while doing/（ for sb.）to do sth.值得花时间（精力、钱）去做某事11.more than 不仅仅是；不只是；多于；大于；超过；非常；十分
20、【典型例句】The stone weighs more than ten tons.这块石头重达 10 吨多。Bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。She more than hesitated to promise that.她极为犹豫地答应做那件事。The beauty of the West Lake is more than I can describe.西湖之美我难以描述。They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.看到我们远征归来，他们异
21、常高兴。【知识小结】more than 与数词连用，意思是 “多于，大于，超过”。more than 后跟名词，意思是 “不只是，不仅仅是”。more than 与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。 more than 与形容词或分词连用，表示 “非常，十分”。【相关链接】more.than.比更more.than.与其说不如说 no more than+数词/名词，表示 “仅仅，只不过”（感叹其“小、少”） 。no more than+从句，表示“与一样都不”（主从句同时否定） 。not more than+数词， “不多于”。not more than+从句， “不比更”。e to li
22、fe 变得更有趣（或使人更兴奋） ；变得活跃，活跃起来，生气恢复【典型例句】When the kids saw the beautiful bird,they came to life at once.孩子们一看到那只漂亮的鸟，他们顿时就兴致勃勃了。The quiet girl has come to life since she lived with her grandpa.自从和爷爷生活在一起，这个沉默寡言的女孩就变得活泼起来了。The past can come to life when we see how our ancestors dressed,worked and lived.
23、当我们明白了我们的祖先如何穿戴、工作和生活的时候，过去的一切就会变得更加有趣。When it comes to politics,I know nothing.说到政治，我一窍不通。Suddenly the words of the song came to me.突然间，我想起歌词来了。【知识小结】come to life 变得活跃；变得更有趣come to. 谈到e to sb. 某人想起某物【相关链接】come to life 活跃起来 come to oneself/sense 苏醒过来；活过来；醒悟come to end 结束come up to 达到；符合13.suppose vt
24、. 猜想；料想；想象；假定vi. 猜想；料想 【典型例句】I suppose that he is not yet twenty.我猜想他不到 20 岁。Suppose he is absent,what shall we do?假使他不在，我们怎么办？Suppose we take a later train?要不我们坐一趟晚一点的火车？I thought we were supposed to be paid.我以为我们今天会领到薪水。What do you suppose our life will be like in 50 years?你认为 50 年后我们的生活将会是什么样子？【知
25、识小结】suppose that+句子=suppose sb.to do/be 认为某人干（是 ）suppose/supposing（that）+ 句子 “假定，如果”suppose （委婉表达） “我看，要我说，要不”be supposed to （按规定，习惯安排）应当，应该，须do you suppose （跟在提出特殊疑问句后，插入语） 【相关链接】do you suppose （think,believe，suggest，expect,imagine guess）后的宾语从句若是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词放在句首，从句用陈述语序。14.name n. 名字；名称；名誉；名声；名气vt.
26、 命名；给取名；说出名字；叫名称；确定；说定；陈述；任命；提名；委任【典型例句】His actions have given him a bad name.他的行为给他带来了不好的名声。They named the baby Elizabeth.他们为婴儿取名伊丽莎白。Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden?你能叫出花园里所有花草树木的名称吗？She was named winner of the contest.她被提名为这次比赛的获胜者。He was named after his father.他和他父亲的名字一样。【知识
27、小结】a bad （good） name 好（坏）名声name sb.sth.把某人命名为be named 被提名 be named after 以命名【相关链接】name after 根据命名in the name of 以 名义by name 按照名字name sb.for sth.=name sb.（as）sth. 指定某人任一职务by the name of.名叫；叫做call sb.s names 咒骂某人take after （外貌或行为）像；追赶二、句型剖析1.not just.but also.（= not only.but also.）不但而且，连接两个并列成分【典型例句】T
28、hey not just broke into the house,but （they also ）stole all the money.他们不仅仅冲入房间，而且偷了钱。The President Jefferson was not just a statesman but an inventor.杰斐逊总统不仅是位政治家，而且还是位发明家。Not just her parents but she is a singer.不仅她的父母是歌手，她也是歌手。She can not just sing but dances.她不仅会唱歌还会跳舞。He does business not just
29、at home but abroad.他不仅仅在国内而且在国外做生意。【知识小结】not only/just.but also.连接并列成分（主语、谓语、状语、句子等） ；连接主语时，谓语动词应遵循就近一致的原则；连接两个句子时，若 not only/just 位于句首，则该句倒装，但but also 引起的句子不倒装；not only/just.but also.句中可省去 also，但不能省 but。2.such.that.“如此以致”引导结果状语从句【典型例句】He is such a good teacher that all his pupils like him.他是位极好的老师,
30、所有的学生都喜欢他。Tom was such an honest boy that he was praised by the teacher.汤姆非常诚实，因而受到老师表扬。There were such a lot of people in the street that we could hardly move on.街上人太多，我们简直无法往前走。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗子的时候用力太猛，把玻璃都震破了。Such great progress has he made that we all a
31、dmire him.他取得这样大的进步，我们都敬佩他。【知识小结】such.that.句型中 such 为形容词，修饰名词，其结构为：such+a/an（+adj.）+ 单数可数名词+that 从句such （+adj. ）+复数可数名词+that 从句such （+adj. ）+不可数名词+that 从句such 位于句首时，such 后的句子倒装，that 从句不倒装。3.have sth.done 让某事由别人来做；经受不幸遭遇【典型例句】Pa had his hands burned.爸爸的手给烫伤了。Ive had the stove lighted.我已经让人把炉子点着。They
32、have had their request refused.他们的要求遭到拒绝。Theres something wrong with my bike.I must have it repaired.我的自行车出了故障，我必须修理它。We cant have anything done against the school rules.我们不能让违背学校规章制度的事情发生。【知识小结】have sth.done 强调宾语和宾补间的逻辑动宾关系。多用于表示让别人做某事或发生某种不好的事情;have 可以用 get 替换。4.cost 等表示花费、花钱干某事【经典例句】The car cost
33、him around ten thousand dollars.这车花去他 1 万美元左右。The error cost the company one million pounds.这个错误使公司损失了 100 万英镑。It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.对明显存在的事物进行分析需要非凡的头脑。I spent $100 on the bike.我花了 100 美元买下那辆自行车。They spent three month touring Europe.他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。She paid
34、 the money to me.她将钱付给了我。I paid a very high price for the house.我出了很高的价钱买下了这房子。【知识小结】表示花费的句型：It takes.to do.=To do.takes.sth.takes sb.time.sth.takes sb.money sb.spends.on sth./（in ）doing.sb.pays money for sth.三、难句透视1.In these parks,people sit chatting,play games,listen to birds singing,or just relax
35、 a bit.（P33,Paragraph 1）在公园里,人们围坐聊天,或玩游戏,或听鸟鸣,或放松休闲。【剖析】 chatting 为现在分词作伴随状语,其动作与 sit 同时发生。除表伴随外 ,分词还可以表示时间、原因、方式、结果或补充说明等。如:Not knowing her telephone number,I couldnt ring her up.由于不知道她的电话号码,我无法给她打电话。Hearing the good news,he jumped with joy.听到这个好消息,他高兴得跳了起来。【归纳】 现在分词短语作状语相当于状语从句。如:Hearing the good
36、news.= When he heard the good news.2.Other theme parks include marine or ocean parks,where visitors can see and swim with dolphins and learn about ocean life.（P34,Paragraph 4） 其他的主题公园包括海洋公园，在那儿游人们可以看到海豚并与之一起游泳，从中了解海洋生活。【剖析】 where visitors can see.是 where 引导的非限制性定语从句， where 在定语从句中作状语，表示地点。另外 why,when
37、,who,as,whose,which 等也可以引导定语从句。如： He gave his mother a colour TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。We walked down the village street,where they were having a market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。【归纳】 （1）非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主句分开；that 不能引导非限制定语从句。（2）that,which,who,whose,whom,w
38、hen,where,why,as 还可以引导限制性定语从句。3.Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while.（P33,Paragraph 1）公园为人们提供了一个自我娱乐的场所，在这里人们可以从繁忙的生活中解脱出来轻松一下。【剖析】 本句中的 “to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while ” 是动词不定式作定语。如本课中还有：These new parks have a variety of things to see and do.这些新公园有许多要看、要做的事情。【归纳】 注意：（1）不定式作定语时，有时用主动形式，有时用被动式，但意思不一样。如：
