1、课堂探究Grammar：宾语从句和表语从句一、宾语从句1宾语从句的构成：及物动词、介词和部分“动词形容词”宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词主要有连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which ，连接副词 when，where，how，why 以及从属连词 that，whether，if 等。阅读下列句子，指出句子中的宾语从句。Make sure（that ）all the lights are turned off before you leave.宾语从句：_I dont know where I can get such a book.宾语从句：_I know nothing
2、about her except that she lives here.宾语从句：_注意：动词 find，consider，think，feel，believe，make 等后有宾语补足语时，常用 it作形式宾语，代替宾语从句原来的位置，而将真正的宾语从句后置；有些动词（短语） ，如enjoy，love，like ，hate，appreciate，take ，hide，insist on，depend on，rely on 等引导宾语从句时，习惯上直接在从句前加形式宾语 it。2宾语从句考点。（1）wonder ， doubt，be sure/certain 等后的宾语从句的连接词。Awon
3、der 意为“对感到惊奇”时，其后宾语从句的连接词用 that。当 wonder 意为“想知道，不知道”时，其后的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句或一般疑问句，要用what，who，whose，which ， when，where，why ，how ， whether/if 等连接宾语从句；当wonder 用在否定句中应该用 that 来引导宾语从句。根据汉语意思填空Do you wonder_ nobody would come?没人会来，你感到奇怪吗？I wondered_ he had been so angry.我想知道他为什么那么生气。We wonder_ he will come to o
4、ur party tonight.我们不知道今晚他是否会来参加我们的晚会。I dont wonder_ he will come to apologize to me.我知道他会来给我道歉的（不感到惊奇） 。Bdoubt 用于否定句或疑问句时，用 that 引导宾语从句；用于肯定句时，用whether/if 引导宾语从句。语法填空I dont doubt _ the band will become more and more popular.I doubt _ he will be fit for the new job.Cbe sure/certain 用于肯定句或疑问句时，其后用 tha
5、t 引导宾语从句；当 be sure/certain 用于否定句时，其后用 whether/if，what，who，whose ，where，when，how 等引导宾语从句。根据汉语意思填空We are sure/certain_ the country will recover from the earthquake soon.我们坚信那个国家很快会从地震中恢复过来的。Are you sure/certain_ this plan is practicable?你能确保这份计划是可行的吗？He isnt sure/certain_ he can get the tickets for th
6、e music concert.他不能肯定是否会弄到音乐会的票。（2）宾语从句的语序：一律使用陈述语序。单句改错I dont care who will you ask for help._Do you know where have they gone?_（3）宾语从句的时态：宾语从句的时态必须与主句相呼应 A如果主句是现在时态，那么从句时态不受主句时态的影响，可以根据需要使用任何时态。B如果主句是过去时态，那么从句时态一般为表示过去的某种时态。C如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去的时态，从句也用一般现在时。语法填空He says that he_（invite）to at
7、tend the 100th anniversary of Qinghua University.他说他已被邀请参加清华大学 100 周年校庆。He said that he_（meet）the hostess and had a photo taken with her.他说他见过那位女主持人并同她一起合过影。Our English teacher told us that a good beginning_（be）half done during class.我们的英语老师在课上告诉我们良好的开端是成功的一半。（4）宾语从句中的否定转移。在 think，believe，suppose，im
8、agine 等动词引起的否定性宾语从句里，如果主语是第一人称，往往需要把从句中的否定词转移到主句中去，这种现象叫否定转移。翻译句子我认为你不适合（fit for ）这项工作。翻译：_注意：在发生否定转移的句子中，主句的主语是第一人称时，其反意疑问句的人称及助动词要与从句的人称和动词相对应。完成下列反意疑问句I dont think you are right，_？They dont think you are right，_？（5）关于 that 的省略。当宾语从句是陈述句时，由 that 引导，这时 that 在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。但在以下几种情况下，that 一般不可
9、以省略。A在介词后引导宾语从句时， that 不可省略。语法填空Your composition is well written except_there are a few spelling mistakes.你的作文除了几处拼写错误之外写得很好。B并列连词 and 连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可以省略，而后面的 that 不能省略。翻译句子We must never think（that）we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.翻译：_C主句谓语动词与 that 之间有插入成分时，
10、that 不可省略。语法填空He announced，believe it or not ，_ he would never forgive her.他宣布信不信由你他决不会原谅她。D宾语从句有其他连词时， that 不能省略。翻译句子He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night.翻译：_E有 it 作形式宾语时，宾语补足语之后由 that 引导的宾语从句不可省略 that。语法填空We think _ highly probable that he is dead.我们认为他很有可能死了。Fthat 引导的宾语从句
11、中， that 之后紧接着有作主语或作定语的 this/that 时，that 不可省略。翻译句子He thought that that would be a good chance for him to go to visit the world famous scientist.翻译：_（6）某些表示“要求、命令、建议”的动词，如insist，demand ，suggest，order ，require，request 等后，宾语从句用虚拟语气时，其结构为“should动词原形”或把 should 省略。翻译句子The experts suggested that the nuclear
12、 power station（should）be closed down.翻译：_（7）用 whether 而不用 if 引导的宾语从句的情况。A引导介词的宾语从句时。语法填空All depends on_ it will be fine tomorrow.B引导的宾语从句后有“or not ”时。语法填空We dont know _ he will come to our wedding or not.二、表语从句1表语从句的辨别：表语从句位于主句中的连系动词之后。常用系动词有：be，keep，remain ，stay ，lie ，stand ，seem，appear，look，feel ，
13、smell，sound，taste，become，grow ，turn，fall，get，go，come，run，prove，turn out。引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接代词 who，whom，whose ，what，which；连接副词 when，where，how，why 及从属连词 that，whether，as if，because 等。阅读下列句子，指出句子中的表语从句。My dream is that I will have a chance to travel to the Mars in the future.表语从句：_Their difficulty is where
14、 they can raise enough money.表语从句：_Our doubt is whether he is telling us the truth.表语从句：_2表语从句考点。（1）引导词的区别选用：Athat 仅起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不作任何成分，但通常不能省略。翻译句子Her dream is that she will have a chance to visit there next year.翻译：_Bwh疑问词除了起连接作用外，还在从句中充当一定的成分，且各有各的词义。连接代词 what， which，who，whom，whose 常充当主语、宾语、表语、定
15、语；连接副词when，where ， how，why 常充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语。After stepping on the stage of CCTV Spring Festival Gala，the actor is no longer what he used to be.翻译：_His problem is how to get there.翻译：_Cwhether 起连接作用，意为“是否” ，在句中不作任何成分。I dont know whether she can come to the party this evening.翻译：_D从属连词 because，as if/a
16、s though ，as 等引导的表语从句。because 引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because.”结构中。as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词 look，seem ，sound，be，become 等后面，常用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气；as 引导表语从句表示 “正如”含义。His failure is because he was careless.翻译：_Things were not as they seemed to be.翻译：_It looks as if it is going to snow.（陈述语气）翻译：_She l
17、ooks as if she were ten years younger.（虚拟语气）翻译：_（2）当主语是 the reason，the result 或 why 引导的主语从句时，常用 that 引导表语从句，不用 because。完成句子The reason is_ I was ill yesterday.原因是昨天我生病了。The result is_ many of them didnt pass the exam.结果是他们中很多人考试不及格。Why we had to put off the football match is_ the weather was too bad.
18、我们之所以不得不推迟这场足球赛，是因为天气太糟糕了。注意：A在引导表语从句时， whether 不能被 if 替换。Bthats why.中含有 why 引导的表语从句，表示“那就是的原因” ；the reason why.is that.中 why 引导的是定语从句，that 引导的是表语从句，表示“的原因是” 。C如果主语是表示建议、命令、要求、计划（suggestion，advice，order， request，proposal，plan）等的名词，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即 should 后接动词原形， should 可以省略。即学即用画出下列句子的宾语从句或表语从句（1）I h
19、ave made it clear that I will not accept the job.（2）I hate it when you talk with your mouth full of food.（3）I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.（4）The twin sisters differ in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.完成句子（5）他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。His first question was _ Mr.Smith had arrived
20、yet.（6）他来这么晚是因为下大雨了。The reason_ he was so late was _ it was raining hard.（7）我的建议是我们应召开一次会议来认真讨论一下这件事情。My suggestion is that we _ _ a meeting to discuss it carefully.参考答案（that）all the lights are turned off before you leavewhere I can get such a bookthat she lives herethat why whether/if that that whe
21、ther/if that that whether will youyou will have theythey have has been invited had met is I dont think you are fit for the job. are you do they that 我们绝不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。that他告诉我，如果必要的话，他们就通宵工作。it他认为对于他来说那可能是一个探访世界著名科学家的好机会。专家建议应该关闭那座核电站。whetherwhetherthat I will have a chance to travel to the Mars
22、 in the futurewhere they can raise enough moneywhether he is telling us the truth她的梦想是明年有机会去那儿旅游。登上央视春晚以后，那位演员不再是以前的样子了。他的问题是如何到达那儿。我不知道她今晚是否来参加晚会。他的失败是因为粗心。情况并不是看起来的那个样子。看起来天要下雪。她看起来好像年轻了十岁。that that that即学即用：（1）I have made it clear that I will not accept the job.（2）I hate it when you talk with your mouth full of food.（3）I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.（4）The twin sisters differ in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.（5）whether （6）why；that （7）should hold
