1、二、句型剖析1.be meant to do sth.【典型例句】Festivals are meant to celebrate important events.节日就是庆祝重要事件的活动。The party is meant to celebrate his birthday.聚会意在庆祝他的生日。The performance was meant to raise money to help the sick girl.这场表演是为了筹钱帮助那个患病的女孩。I am meant to tell you the truth.我应该告诉你实情。He was meant to be an e
2、lectrician.本来是准备把他培养成电工的。【知识小结】be meant to do 相当于 be intended to do 意在干某事。be meant to do 还可表示（按规定）应该干某事。【相关链接】mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 be meant for 预定；打算；指定；注定要成为或属于活学巧用1.1）单项填空（1）Why is he always forcing his daughter to practise playing the piano if she is not _ for a pianist?A.i
3、ntended B.meantC.trained D.asked提示：句意为：“如果他女儿注定成不了钢琴家的话，为什么他要强迫她练习钢琴呢？”答案：B（2）Kate really upset Granny.Im sure she didnt _.A.want so B.mean toC.have to D.hope so答案：B2）翻译句子（1）那些花是为你准备的。_答案：Those flowers were meant for you.（2）赶不上火车意味着要再等一个小时。_答案：Missing the train means waiting for an hour.2.when 引导的非限
4、定性定语从句【典型例句】The exam will not be given until next week,when well have gone over all the lessons.考试下周才举行，到那时我们将会复习完所有的功课。My fathers birthday is this Sunday,when our relatives will come to celebrate it.这个星期天是父亲的生日，届时我们的亲戚会来庆祝。The Mid-autumn Day is coming,when well get together.中秋节快到了，到时我们可以团圆了。【知识小结】w
5、hen 作为关系副词，引导定语从句，可用 during which 或 in which 来替代。若 when 引导的是非限定性定语从句，则从句和主句用逗号隔开。【相关链接】when 作为连词，引导状语从句，有下列意思：当时候一就=as soon as（与现在时连用）如果=if虽然；然而；可是=although 既然=since,as活学巧用2.单项填空（1）I shall never forget those years _I lived in the country with the farmers,_has a great effect on my life.A.that;which B
6、.when;whichC.which;that D.when;who提示：“我永远不会忘记我和那些农民在一起的日子，那对我的生活有很大的影响。 ”第二个定语从句关系词用 which，代表主句表达的整个内容，谓语动词用单数，若用 who 引导，先行词为 farmers，谓语动词则不用 has。答案：B（2）Mary had to go to Beijing on June 15,_happened to be her only sons birthday.A.which B.whenC.then D.it提示：虽然先行词 June 15 表时间，但从句缺少主语，不能用 when 充当，只能选关系
7、代词which。答案：A3.，so that 引导状语从句【典型例句】Please speak aloud so that I can hear you.请大点声说话，这样我能听见。I will give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。He didnt get up early,so that he was late.他没有早起床，结果迟到了。I had no money with me,so that I had to walk home.我身上没带钱，结果只得走着回家。【知识小
8、结】引导目的状语从句，从句中通常用 can,could,may,might 等情态动词。意为“为了” 。引导结果状语从句。从句之前常常有逗号，一般从句中无情态动词。意为“因此；结果” 。【相关链接】in order that“目的是” ，也引导目的状语从句。 so as to“以便于；为了” ，只能用于句中。in order to“以便；为了”,可放于句首或句中。sothat“如此 以至于” 。活学巧用3.单项填空（1）The company has a free long-distance telephone number _ customers may call if they have
9、any questions about its products.A.so that B.althoughC.as D.even if答案：A（2）John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A.which B.whenC.so that D.as if答案：C（3）We kept milk in a refrigerator _ it will not spoil.A.in order B.in caseC.so that D.lest答案：C（4）Mar
10、y is _ clever _she understands everything.A.such a;that B.such an;thatC.so;that D.so;as答案：C4.It+is/was+adj.+that【典型例句】Its likely that it is going to rain tomorrow.明天可能下雨。Its obvious that he is a foreigner.很明显他是一位外国人。Its strange that Tom should cheat in the exam.汤姆竟然在考试中作弊，真奇怪。Its necessary that we s
11、hould take a taxi to get there on time.为了能按时到达那儿，我们必须坐出租车。【相关链接】在此句型中，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 that 从句。也可以用不定式作真正的主语构成：It+is/was+adj. for/of sb. to do sth.。如：It is rude for the young to make fun of their elders.年轻人取笑长辈是很粗鲁的行为。Its foolish of you to waste money.你浪费钱，真傻。活学巧用4.单项填空（1）_is true that English is bei
12、ng accepted as an international language.A.There B.ThisC.That D.It答案：D（2）Its strange that they _ nothing about this matter.A.know B.would knowC.knows D.knew提示：在 It is natural/necessary/strange/important等结构后的主语从句中，用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should do”形式， should 可以省略。答案：A（3）The Foreign Minister said， “_ our hope tha
13、t the two sides will work towards peace.”A.This is B.There isC.That is D.It is提示：it 为形式主语，that 从句是主语从句。 答案：D5.wait for sb.to do sth.等待某人做某事；期待某人做某事【典型例句】I am waiting for my mother to come home.我在等妈妈回家。I will wait for you to reply.我会等你的答复。The children were waiting for the film to begin.孩子们正在期待电影开始。【相
14、关链接】wait ones chance 等待时机wait ones turn 等轮到自己wait orders 听候命令活学巧用5.1）单项填空（1）Can you wait for me _the work?A.finish B.finishedC.finishing D.to finish提示：句意为：“你能等我完成工作吗？”答案：D2）完成句子（1）The car is _（等我们）.答案：waiting for us（2）We shall _（等到他来） .答案：wait until he comes（3）You can _（让他等着） .答案：keep him waiting6.现
15、在分词作伴随状语【典型例句】They walked in the street,singing together.他们在街上走着，一起唱着歌。He is standing at the gate of the cinema,waiting for his girl friend.他正站在电影院门口等他女朋友。【知识小结】现在分词作状语，可以表示伴随、时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式等。其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致，且现在分词必须与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词作状语时，有时可由 when/while 引出，强调分词的动作与非谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：Be careful when
16、 crossing the street.过马路时要小心。活学巧用6.单项填空（1）Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_into the woods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing提示：本题考查分词使用，谓语动词是 seized and took,driving 作定语，disappearing 作伴随状语。答案：D（2）The bell _
17、the end of the period rang,_ our heated discussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicated;interruptedD.indicating;interrupted提示：indicating 作定语，interrupted 作谓语。答案：D7.as though 用法【典型例句】It looked as though they had been quarrelling.看起来他们刚才好像在吵架。It sounds as though you had a good t
18、ime.听起来你好像过得很愉快。He acted as though nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。He treats his elder sister as though she were a stranger.他待他姐姐如陌生人。He orders me as if I were his wife.他对我指手画脚，好像我是他妻子似的。【知识小结】as though=as if“仿佛；好像” 。可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。as though/if 引导的句子可用虚拟语气表示当前过去或将来不真实，不大可能或有疑问的事情。如：He talks as t
19、hough he knew where she was.他说话的神气好像他知道她的下落似的。 （其实他并不知道，或很可能不知道，或我们并不知道他是否知道。 ）若指的是过去不真实的动作，则应在 as though 从句后用过去完成时态。He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself.他谈起罗马来就好像他去过似的。活学巧用7.1）单项填空（1）She looked _she was very interested in what she was reading.A.even if B.as ifC.though D.as答案：B（2
20、）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has brokenC.were broken D.had been broken答案：C2）完成句子（1）The country is covered with trees as if it _（铺上了一床绿色的毯子）.答案：were covered with a green blanket（2）He shook his head _（好像）to say no.答案：as if 3）翻译句子（1）今天你看上去好像病了。_答案：It looks
21、 as if you are/were ill today.（2）听起来你好像是美国人。_答案：It sounds as if you are/were an American.8.have/has been doing sth.一直做某事【典型例句】Ive been reading this book for two hours,but I havent finished it.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。Theyve been building a ship.他们一直在造一艘船。Th
22、e students have been preparing for the exam.学生们一直在准备考试。【知识小结】（1）现在完成进行时结构为 has/have been doing sth.表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。（2）现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：前者比后者更强调动作的延续性；在没有状语时，前者表示动作仍在进行，后者表示动作已经结束。如：They have been cleaning the room.他们一直在打扫房间。 （还在打扫）They have cleaned the room.他们已经打扫了房间了。 （已经扫完）（3）有些表示状态
23、、感情、感觉的动词如 have，exist,like,hate,hear,know,sound 等词后不能用现在完成进行时，但可用现在完成时。如：They have known each other since 1970.自从 1970 年他们就相互认识了。（4）注意：现在完成进行时态一般没有否定结构。活学巧用8.单项填空（1）You must be tired now since you _for five hours.A.have been worked B.have been workingC.worked D.would work提示：句意为：“你肯定累了，因为你已经工作了五个小时了。
24、 ”答案：B（2）Even though they _for twenty hours,the two neigbours are not on good terms.A.have been lived side by sideB.had been living side by sideC.have been side by side livingD.have been living side by side答案：D（3）The pupils here _all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A.kept busy doingB.keep on doingC.have kept busy doingD.have been kept busy doing提示：句意为：“这儿的学生几周以来天天做各种各样的练习。 ”答案：D（4）The crazy fans _patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A.were waiting B.had been waitingC.had waited D.would wait答案：B
