1、Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsSection Learning about Language一、请找出下列句子的主语，并归纳什么可以作句子的主语1We see him every day in our everyday life._2To see is to believe._3Raising pigs is her job._4What he wants is some milk._5It is important to learn English._6The news is exciting._7It is necessary that
2、we go to help him._8With the help of Xiao Wang，they finished the work on time._归纳：可以充当句子主语的有：_二、读下列英语谚语，找出其中含有主语从句的句子1What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.儿时所学，终生难忘。2A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。3Children are what the mothers are.耳濡目染，身教言传。4Whats done cannot be undone.
3、生米煮成熟饭。5Whats lost is lost.失者不可复得。6Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.智力投资绝不会白花。三、欣赏下列幽默故事，画出其中的主语从句A：What you need now is a doctor.You must see a doctor before dark.B：Well，whether he is coming or not is a problem.A：Why do you think so?B：“An apple a day keeps a doctor away.” And Ive eat
4、en 13 apples today.A：Really？But it is said that Doctor Smith is not afraid of apples，which he likes very much.So，dont worry about whether he is coming.答案：一、1.We 2.To see 3.Raising pigs 4.What he wants 5.to learn English 6.The news 7.that we go to help him 8.they归纳：代词、动词不定式、动名词、句子和名词二、1,4,5三、A：What_y
5、ou_need_now is a doctor.You must see a doctor before dark.B：Well，whether _he_is_coming_or_not is a problem.A：Why do you think so?B：“An apple a day keeps a doctor away.” And Ive eaten 13 apples today.A：Really？But it is said that_Doctor_Smith_is_not_afraid_of_apples，which he likes very much.So，dont wo
6、rry about whether he is coming.1As a result of this event，a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.正因为这一事件，天空中形成了一团巨大的尘云，挡住了阳光。剖析：现在分词短语 blocking out the sunlight 在句子中作结果状语。They worked day and night，finishing the work ahead of time.他们日夜工作，结果提前完成了工作。考点：词组 block out 的含义是“ 挡住，遮住(
7、光线和声音)；忘掉，抹去(不愉快的事)” 。如：The volcanic ash blocked out the sun.火山灰挡住了太阳。An ugly building blocked out the view from the window.一座难看的大楼把窗外的景物遮住了。I try to block out the unpleasant experience.我尽力去忘记那段不愉快的经历。block off 封锁，封闭Various barricades block off all the main streets of the city.各种路障封锁住了城里所有的主要道路。bloc
8、k up 阻塞，塞住，封住( 孔，洞)The traffic is very heavy and has begun to block up the streets.交通量很大，已经开始把街道阻塞了。My nose is blocked up with the cold.由于感冒，我的鼻子不通气。block ones way 挡住某人的路We found that a big elephant blocked our way.我们发现一头大象挡住了去路。单项填空1)(2011陕西卷 )More highways have been built in China，_it much easier
9、for people to travel from one place to another.Amaking BmadeCto make Dhaving made2)(2011吉林长春期中 )According to a recent research，beach umbrellas do not _ all solar radiation.Abreak out Bwatch outCblock out Dgive out用 block out，block up，block ones way，block off 填空3)You cant leave the village.All the st
10、reets are _.4)A piece of rock has fallen and _.We had to stop.5)Over the years she had tried to _ that part of her life.6)This pipe(管子) is _.There is a piece of wood in it.2Grammar：主语从句考点一：英语中的主语从句(The Subject Clause)在句中作主语，有以下两种结构：1)主语从句位于句首。如：What he wanted to see was an end to all the wars of the
11、 world.他想要看到的是世界上所有战争的结束。2)主语从句位于句尾，使用 it 作形式主语。如：It was right that the temple was rebuilt.庙被改建了，这很好。在下列情况下，一般使用形式主语 it，而将真正的主语从句放在后面：谓语部分含有 seem，appear，be (im)possible，be a pity，be a wonder，be likely 等。如：It appeared to scientists on the earth that the stars had moved.在地球上的科学家看来，这些星球已经移动了。Its a wond
12、er that you recognized me.你能认出我来，真是奇怪。在 It is known.；It is said.；It is hoped.；It is believed.等惯用的被动结构中。如：It is believed that before writing was developed，people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.人们认为在文字发明之前，中国人靠把许多石头聚集在一起来作记录。需要注意的是：当主语从句放在句尾而用形式主语时，形式主语只能用 it，而不能使
13、用 this， that 等代词。考点二：主语从句的连接词可以分为以下三类：1)that， whether连接词 that 本身没有意义，不作句子成分，只表示从句的开始，位于句首时，that 不能省略；whether 含有“ 是否”的意思，whether 可以加上“or not”，其语意不变。如：Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.明天我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。2)what， who， which，whose，when，where，why ，how这一类连接词，除了可以引导主语从句之外，在从句中又分别起代词、副词或
14、形容词的作用，在从句中分别作主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语等。what，who，which，whose等又称为连接代词；when，where ，why ，how 等又称为连接副词。试比较：Who will do it doesnt matter.(连接代词 who 在从句中作主语 )谁要做这件事没关系。What we need is more water.(连接代词 what 在从句中作 need 的宾语)我们所需要的是更多的水。Which of the two is better remains to be seen.(连接代词 which 在从句中作主语)这两者中哪个更好尚待分晓。When
15、we will start the work is important.(连接副词 when 在从句中作时间状语)我们什么时候开始工作很重要。Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.(连接副词 where 在从句中作地点状语)图书馆要建在哪里还未决定。Why she was late for school is quite clear now.(连接副词 why 在从句中作原因状语)她上学迟到的原因现在看来很清楚。Which plan is better will be announced later.(which 在
16、从句中作名词 plan 的定语)哪个计划更好稍后会宣布。3)whatever，whoever，whomever ，whicheverwhatever 等连接词与 what 等连接代词的用法一样，只是具有较强的语意，有“凡是，不管，无论” 等意思。如：Whatever he said wasnt true.他说的任何事情都不是真的。Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it.不管谁猜对了我手里拿的是什么，这东西就给他(她) 。Whichever book you choose is yours.无论你选中哪本书都归你。单项填空1)(201
17、1北京卷 )_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.AWhich BWhat CThat DWhom2)(2011江苏卷 )It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.Athat BhowCwhen Dwhy3)(2010北京卷 )_some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.AWhether BWhat CThat DHow4)(2010浙江卷
18、)It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat BwhatChow Dwhether5)_ well have the football match this week depends on the weather.AIf BWhetherCThat DWhy6)_ what they told me really true?AHas BIsCDoes DHave 7)It matters little _ a
19、man dies，but _ matters much is _ he lives.Ahow；what ；how Bhow；it；how Cwhy；it；why Dthat ；what；that8)_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.AWhat；why BThat；what CWhat；because DWhy；that 9)It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide
20、in and out the atmosphere today.Athat Bwhen Cwhat Dhow10)_ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.AWhat BThatCThis DWhich用适当的连接词完成句子11)_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.12)It is important _ he should know about this.13)_ th
21、ey would support us was a problem.14)_ Mike didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday is unknown.15)It is reported _ China has sent another manmade satellite.16)_ he is still alive is a wonder.17)_ type of computer he will buy needs discussing.18)_ the book will sell depends on its author.And I think i
22、tll sell well.19)It is still a mystery _ caused the accident.20)_ I told you is true.判断下面句子中从句的类型21)Has it been decided where the players will perform the experiment?_22)I dont believe they have finished their work yet._23)Whether he will come is still uncertain._24)The problem is how we can get the
23、 money._25)It is certain that Miss Smith will do well in the final exam._答案：1活学活用：1)A 2)C 3)blocked off 4)blocked our way 5)block out 6)blocked up2活学活用：1)B 2)D 3)B 4)B 5)B 6)B 7)A8)A 9)C 10)B 11)Whoever 12)that 13)Whether 14)Why 15)that 16)That 17)What 18)How 19)what 20)What 21)主语从句 22)宾语从句 23)主语从句 24)表语从句 25)主语从句
